Tuihâl reng, zun chhuak reng? Hei hi Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI) a ni em? Kan sawi dun teh ang!

Nitin tui riltam pawh i nei ve em? Tui engzat pawh in la, a thleng ngai lo? Tin, zun chhuah nan pawh i tho fo a ngai em, a chang chuan zan lamah pawh i tho thin em? Chutianga i tih lai pawhin zun rawng hring, tui tak tak i pass tam em? Tichuan hei hi i tan a pawimawh mai thei. Hetiang dinhmun hi Central Diabetes Insipidus, emaw `Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI)` kan ti a. A hmingah "diabetes" nei mahse hei hi kan hriat vek diabetes mellitus a ni lo. Hemi chungchang hi chipchiar takin sawi ila.

Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI) hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, `Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI)` hi a tlem hle. Thil thleng chu i taksa hian Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) , a then chuan Vasopressin tia koh chu a nei tlem hle a ni. He ADH hormone hian kan taksaa tui awm zat control turin a pui a ni. He hormone hi a hniam chuan kal (kidney) hian zun angin tui a paih chhuak tam tan thin. Chuvangin, i zun nasa hle a, i puak nasa hle bawk.

He ADH hormone hi kan thluaka hypothalamus atanga siam a ni. Mahse, thluaka gland te tak te dang , pituitary gland -in a mamawh hunah a khawlkhawm a, a chhuah chhuak thin. Chuvangin, hypothalamus emaw pituitary gland emaw a chhiatna a awm chuan CDI a lo awm thei a ni.

CDI i neih chuan, zun hmanga tui i hloh zat thlakna tur tui i in tlem chuan i dehydrated thei a ni . Hei hi a hlauhawm takzet a ni.

Mi thenkhat chuan CDI na zawk an nei thei a, chu chu ADH hormone hian hna a thawk tha lo tihna a ni. Hei hi `complete CDI` an ti a. Midang erawh chuan a milder form an nei thei a, chu chu ADH hormone hian eng emaw chen a thawk tihna a ni. Hei hi `partial CDI` an ti a.

A pawimawh ber chu, `Diabetes Insipidus` tih hming i hriat hian `Diabetes Mellitus` tih nen hian inthlau suh. Heng natna pahnihte hian `diabetes` tih thumal an nei a, a chhan chu heng natna pahnih hian tuihal lutuk leh zun tam lutuk chhinchhiahna inang an nei a ni. `Diabetes` tih thumal hi Greek tawng `diabainein` atanga lo chhuak a ni. `a kal tlang` tihna a ni. Tui taksaah rang takin a kal a, zun angin a chhuak ang bawkin.

`Diabetes Insipidus` hi chi li a awm a, chungte chu:

• `Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI)` - Hei hi kan sawi tam ber chi a ni.
• Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus - Kal hian ADH a chhang lo.
• `Dipsogenic Diabetes Insipidus` - Tui tam lutuk in duhna rilru lam a nih avangin.
• `Gestational Diabetes Insipidus` - Naupai laia hun eng emaw chen lo awm thin a ni.

He ADH (antidiuretic hormone) hi eng nge ni?

ADH, a nih loh leh vasopressin hi a hmaa kan sawi tawh ang khan i hypothalamus siam, i pituitary gland-in a dahkhawm leh a chhuah chhuah hormone a ni. Hormone te hi a niKan taksa hnathawh hrang hrang inrualremtu chemical messenger ang an ni. Chûngte chuan thisen kal tlangin kan taksa peng, taksa peng leh taksa peng dangte hnênah thuchah a keng tel a ni. Heng signal te hian taksain a tih tur leh engtikah nge a tih tur tih a hrilh a ni.

Hypothalamus hi kan thluaka autonomic nervous system leh pituitary gland hnathawh dan control tu a ni. ADH a siam a, pituitary gland-ah a thawn a, a mamawh hunah a dahkhawm leh chhuah tir thin.

Pituitary gland hi thluak bul hnaia awm, hypothalamus hnuai chiaha awm, gland te tak te a ni. Kan endocrine system-a tel a ni. A hna chu hormone pawimawh tam tak siam, dahkhawm leh tihchhuah a ni. ADH hi posterior pituitary gland hian a khawlkhawm a, a chhuah tir thin.

ADH hian kan thisen atanga bawlhhlawh a filter hian kan kidney-in kan taksaah tui a lakluh leh zat a control ber a, chu chuan taksaa tui balance a vawng reng a ni. A tlangpuiin i tui tlakchham emaw, i thisen sang a hniam emaw chuan i taksa hian ADH a siam tam a, a chhuah tam zawk bawk. Hei hian kal (kidney) te chu "i taksaah tui awm reng turin a signal a, zun atanga paih chhuak lo turin" signal a pe a ni.

Chuvangin, CDI-ah chuan hypothalamus hian ADH a siam tling lo emaw, pituitary gland hian ADH a chhuah tlem emaw a ni. Hei vang hian zun tam tak, tam tak a awm fo thin.

Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI) leh Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus te hi eng nge an danglamna?

Heng natna pahnih chhinchhiahna hi a inang vek a, zun tam lutuk leh tui in tam lutuk. A danglamna chu heng natna pahnih chhan leh enkawl danah hian a awm a ni.

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus hi i pituitary gland-in ADH a chhuah tlem a, mahse i kal (kidney)-in a chhang tha lo a nih chuan a lo awm thin. Hei hian i kal (kidney) hian tui a vawng thei lo tihna a ni. Hei hi chhan hrang hrang a awm a:

• Damdawi thenkhat, entirnan lithium leh tetracycline .
• Thisena potassium level hniam (Hypokalemia) .
• Thisen a calcium level sang (Hypercalcemia) .
• Urinary tract tihkhawtlai a ni.

Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI) hi hypothalamus emaw pituitary gland emaw hnathawh that loh vang a ni a, chu chuan ADH a siam tling lo. A tlangpuiin hypothalamus emaw pituitary gland emaw tihchhiat vang a ni. He chhiatna hi lu hliam, operation, inflammation, tumor ang chi thil vang a ni thei.

Tuin nge CDI dawng? Engtiang chiahin nge a hluar?

Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI) hi kum eng pawhah a vei thei a, mahse kum 10 leh 20 inkar atanga tan a ni tlangpui .

CDI hi natna hlauhawm tak a ni a, mi 25,000 zinga pakhat vel chauh a vei .

CDI natna lan chhuah dante chu engte nge ni?

`Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI)` natna lan chhuah dan tlangpui chu:

• Zun fo, zanah pawh.
• A vawi khatnaah zun rawng hring emaw, thianghlim emaw tam tak pass thin.
• Feeling very tired and thirsty , chuvangin tui in fo thin ang che.

Mi pangngaiin ni khatah zun litre khat atanga litre hnih vel a chhuah laiin, CDI vei chuan ni khatah zun litre 19 (quart 20) vel a chhuah thei ! Chu chu eng ang nge a nih tih han ngaihtuah teh!

Nausen naupangte zingah natna lan chhuah dan

CDI vei naute naupangte pawhin heng ang symptoms hi an nei thei bawk:

• Hahdam lohna leh thinrimna reng reng.
• Lethargy, mut theih lohna.
• Luak chhuak.
• Ek khal.
• Khawsik.

Dehydration natna lan chhuah dan

CDI enkawl loh a nih chuan, emaw, CDI vei miin tui a in tlem chuan dehydration a awm thuai thei a ni. Dehydration symptoms te chu:

• Luak chhuak, lu hlim hmel.
• Chau.
• Kawng, hmui, mit a vawt.
• Rilru lama hna awlsam tak thawh harsat.
• Luhai.
• Fainting a ni.

Tuihal lutuk leh zun tam lutuk leh/ emaw tui tlakchhamna chhinchhiahna i neih chuan damdawi in pan thuai a pawimawh hle. CDI hi a tlem hle nachungin, a natna awmchhun a ni lo va, heng natna lanchhuahna hi a thlen thei a ni. Tuihâl lutuk leh zun tam lutuk hi i taksaah thil pakhatin hna a thawk tha lo tih leh damdawi lam pan a ngai tih chhinchhiahna nghet tak a ni.

Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI) hi engte nge a chhan?

Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI) thlentu ber chu hormone ADH tlakchham vek emaw, a then emaw a ni. Hetiang tlakchhamna hi i hypothalamus, pituitary gland emaw, a pahnih inzawmkhawmtu tissue (pituitary stalk) emaw tihchhiat vang a ni tlangpui. A chhan bik thenkhat chu:

• Operation avanga hypothalamus emaw pituitary gland emaw a chhiat.
• Lu hliam avanga hypothalamus emaw pituitary gland emaw chhiatna, a bik takin basal skull fracture avanga chhiatna.
• Sarcoidosis emaw tuberculosis emaw ang chi natna avanga inflammation (granulomas) .
• Tumors chu craniopharyngioma emaw germinoma emaw ang chi te hi a ni .
• Langerhans cell histiocytosis (hei hi natna hmuh tur awm lo tak a ni a, taksa hmun khat emaw a aia tam emaw tissue tichhe thei emaw, hliam emaw a thlen thei).
• Chromosome 20-a inherited genetic mutation (hei hi a tlem hle, a tlem hle - medical literature-ah hian case 100 aia tlem lo an awm tawh).

CDI vei hmun thuma ṭhena hmun khat velah chuan doctor-te chuan a chhan dik tak an hmu thei lo. Hei hi idiopathic central diabetes insipidus (CDI) an ti a.Researcher te chuan idiopathic CDI case thenkhat chu autoimmune factors vang a ni thei niin an ngai. Autoimmune condition-ah chuan i taksa immune system chuan tissue hrisel tak tak a bei tan thin. Chutiang a nih chuan immune system chuan antibodies, a nih loh leh lymphocytes a siam thei a, chu chuan ADH siamtu cell te chu a bei thei a ni.

CDI hi syndrome emaw condition lian zawk, Wolfram syndrome ( hereditary condition) leh septo-optic dysplasia (thluak hmasa lama natna awm lo tak) te pawh a awm thei bawk.

Engtin nge CDI i nei tih i hriat theih ang? (Diagnosis) tih a ni.

Tuihal leh zun tam lutuk hi natna dang, zunthlum vang pawh a nih theih avangin central diabetes insipidus (CDI) hmuhchhuah hunah natna dang pawh paih chhuah a pawimawh hle. Chuvangin heng symptoms te hi i neih chuan i doctor hian test eng emaw zat a ti thei ang.

CDI diagnose-ah hian a chhan hriatchhuah a tel bawk.

CDI hriat theihna atan eng test nge hman thin?

Tui tlakchhamna test hi CDI hriat theihna awlsam ber leh rintlak ber a ni. I doctor-in he test hi a order a nih chuan test neih chhung hian uluk takin an enfiah ang che, dehydration a thlen thei a ni.

He test-ah hian darkar engemaw zat tui engmah tel lovin kal a, i taksain a chhan dan en a ngai a ni. CDI i neih chuan tui (dilute), light-colored urine tam tak i pass chhunzawm zel ang a, a tlangpuiin dark yellow, concentrated urine tlemte i pass lai pawhin.

I doctor chuan CDI hriat theihna tur leh natna dang tihbo nan heng test te hi a ti thei bawk ang:

• Thisen test a, thisen a ADH (antidiuretic hormone) awm zat enfiah thin.
• Thisen test hmangin glucose level enfiahin zunthlum vei a awm lo.
• Urinalysis chu zun concentration (osmolality) enfiah nan leh/ emaw ketone awm leh awm loh enfiah nan a ni a, hei hian zunthlum a tilang thei a ni.
• I kal (kidney) te hian engtin nge an chhan tih hriat nan synthetic ADH injection an pe ang che. Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus vei te hian synthetic ADH an dawng lo a, a chhan chu an kal hian ADH nghawng a do thei a ni. A lehlamah chuan CDI vei te hian synthetic ADH an dawng nasa hle.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) ang chi imaging test hmangin i pituitary gland emaw hypothalamus emaw a chhiat em tih hriat theih a ni a, a chhiat a nih chuan eng nge a chhan tih hriat theih a ni bawk.

CDI enkawlna tur engte nge ni?

CDI enkawlna hi ADH hormone tlakchhamna nasat danah a innghat a ni.

CDI kimchang tak i nei a.Chutiang a nih chuan desmopressin hi first-line treatment a ni. Hei hi damdawi a ni a, hormone ADH ang bawkin hna a thawk a ni. Desmopressin hi injection angin emaw, pill angin emaw, hnar spray angin emaw i ei thei bawk.

Partial CDI i neih chuan, chu chu natural ADH hian eng emaw chen a la thawk tihna a ni a, i doctor chuan damdawi dang, hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) te chu a pe thei ang.

Nausen naupang CDI vei enkawlna atan chuan formula emaw nu hnute tuiah diluted a, hydrochlorothiazide nena pek theih a ni.

Desmopressin hian side effect a nei em?

Desmopressin hi a tlangpuiin damdawi him tak a ni a, side effects a nei tlem hle. Side effect awm thei te chu:

• Lu na.
• Pum natna.
• Luhai.
• Hnar hrual emaw hnar luang emaw .
• Hnar thisen chhuak.

Desmopressin i ei tam lutuk a nih chuan, emaw, i ei laiin tui i in tam lutuk a nih chuan i taksa hian tui tam lutuk a vawng reng thei a ni. Hei hian symptoms a thlen thei a, chungte chu:

• Lu na.
• Luak chhuak thei.
• Bloating (bloating) a awm.
• Thisenah chi (sodium) level hniam (Hyponatremia) .

Hyponatremia natna lan chhuah dan:

• Lu na na tak emaw, rei tak emaw.
• Rilru tibuai.
• Nausea leh luak chhuak.

Hyponatremia symptoms i neih chuan 911 call emaw, emergency room hnai ber pan thuai tur a ni.

Engtin nge CDI nei hian hei hi a enkawl theih ang?

CDI i nei a nih chuan damdawi in enkawl bakah hian tui tlakchham loh nan tui in fo a pawimawh hle.

I enkawlna a thawk tha em tih leh damdawi pek zat dik tak a nih leh nih loh hriat nan doctor pan fo a pawimawh bawk.

CDI vei theihna tur risk factors te chu engte nge ni?

Vanduaithlak takin Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI) vei tam zawk hi chu ven theih a ni lo. CDI lo awm theihna tur risk factors te chu:

• Thluak surgery neih a ni.
• Chhungkaw history-a diabetes insipidus leh/ emaw Wolfram syndrome nei tawh.
• Lu hliam.
• Thluak natna a awm.

CDI vei mi pakhat hriselna dinhmun chu eng nge ni? (Prognosis) tih a ni.

`Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI)` vei te prognosis hi a tlangpuiin a tha a, uluk taka enkawl a, tui tam tak ei a nih chuan harsatna lian tham a thlen lo.

Mahse, naupang tê tê, tar leh rilru lama harsatna nei te chu an tuihalna hriat chian emaw, hmalak harsat emaw an neih theih avangin harsatna leh thihna an tawk nasa zawk a ni.

Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI) avanga harsatna awm thei te chu engte nge ni?

CDI chungchanga harsatna lian ber chuTui tlakchhamna . Chumi awmzia chu i taksain a hnathawh that theih nan tui leh electrolyte a hloh tawk tihna a ni. CDI i neih chuan i zun a tui i hloh tam lutuk chu tui tam tak in in i enkawl thei a ni. Mahse i tih loh chuan tui a tlakchham thuai thei.

Dehydration hi a hlauhawm a, nunna atana hlauhawm hial a ni. Dehydration symptoms, luak chhuak, luak chhuak, leh chau lutuk i neih chuan a rang thei ang bera damdawi in hnai ber pan rawh.

Nausen naupang CDI enkawl loh chuan , tui tlakchham nawn fo hian harsatna a thlen thei a, chungte chu:

• Seizures a awm thin.
• Thluak a chhiat phah.
• Hmasawnna lama tlai lutuk.
• Stunted growth a ni.

Naupang leh puitlingah CDI enkawl loh a nih chuan, harsatna hrang hrang:

• Thinlung thawk mumal lo (Arrhythmia) .
• Khawsik.
• Vun leh mucous membrane (e.g. hmui chhungah, hnar chhungah) a vawt.
• Seizures a awm thin.
• Coma ah a awm.

CDI vei puitlingte chuan orthostatic hypotension tih natna an nei thei a, chu chu ding emaw, thut emawa thisen sang tlahniam nghal mai hi a ni. Hei hian luak chhuak emaw, hun engemaw chen chu hriatna hloh emaw a thlen thei a ni.

Engtikah nge doctor i hmuh ang?

Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI) i neih chuan doctor pan fo a pawimawh a, i dinhmun enfiah a, i enkawlna a thawk tha em tih enfiah a pawimawh bawk. I rilru tibuaitu symptom i neih chuan i doctor hnenah hriattir ngei ang che.

Tui tlakchhamna nasa tak, rilru hahna emaw, rilru hahna emaw i neih chuan a rang thei ang bera emergency room hnai ber pan rawh.

I doctor zawh tur zawhna

Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI) i vei tih hmuhchhuah i nih chuan i doctor hnenah heng zawhnate hi zawh a \angkai thei ang:

• Engvangin nge CDI hi ka lo neih?
• Ka CDI dinhmun hi a rei tawh em, a rei lo em ni?
• Eng enkawlna kawng nge ka neih?
• Enkawlna chi hrang hrang hian eng nge a thatna leh a that lohna?
• Ni khatah tui engzat nge ka in tur?
• Ka dinhmun enkawl nan eng nge ka tih belh theih ang?
• Ka chhungte hi CDI vei theihna hlauhawmah an awm em?

A tawp berah chuan a pawimawh ber (Take-Home Message) .

Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI) hi natna hlauhawm tak a ni a, mahse natna khirh tak a ni thei. Thu lawmawm tak chu enkawl theih leh enkawl theih a ni.CDI i neih chuan i enkawlna a tha em tih hriat nan doctor pan fo a pawimawh. I dinhmun chungchanga zawhna i neih chuan i doctor zawh hreh suh. I dinhmun enkawl tura pui turin an awm a ni. Tui tam tak in theihnghilh suh, a pawimawh hle!

` Central Diabetes Insipidus, CDI, ADH, kal, hormone, zun tam lutuk, tuihal lutuk