PCR test tih hi eng nge ni? A awlsam zawngin sawi ila!

PCR tih thumal kan hriat hian Covid pandemic kan ngaihtuah thin a ni lawm ni? Kan hnar ah swab kan thun a, report lo thleng tur kan nghah a ngaih hun lai kha... chu chu theihnghilh theih a ni lovang. Mahse PCR hi Covid hriatchhuahna atan chauh hman a ni lo tih i hria em? Hei hi a takah chuan test pawimawh tak a ni a, medical science lamah hmasawnna nasa tak a nei a ni. Chuvangin vawiinah hian he PCR test hi eng nge a nih, eng thil dang nge a hriatchhuah theih tih leh a hnathawh dan te chu i hriatthiam theih tur awlsam takin i sawi dawn nia.

PCR hi eng nge ni mai?

Awle, hetiang hian han sawi ila. Lehkhabu pakhat phek khata thumal pakhat chauh i zawn a ngai tih han ngaihtuah teh, library lian takah lehkhabu sang tam tak zingah chuan. Chu chu engtiang chiahin nge a harsa ang? Kan taksa chhunga cell chhunga genetic material DNA emaw RNA emaw te tak te hmuh chhuah ang mai a ni.

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technology hmang hian chu hna harsa tak chu a awlsam phah hle. Hei hian a tih chu kan zawn mek DNA emaw RNA emaw te ber ber chu vawi maktaduai tam tak, vawi maktaduai tam tak pawh (amplification) copy a ni. Library bu-a thumal awmna phek chu zawng chhuakin, photocopy machine-ah dahin, copy maktaduai khat vel siam ang mai a ni. Tichuan, chu thumal hmuh harsa tak chu tunah chuan hmun tinah a awm tawh avangin awlsam takin kan hre thei ta a ni.

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, PCR hi kan taksa atanga cell tlemte tak tak, thisen tla emaw, hnar atanga lak chhuah emaw, kan sample-a awm leh awm loh finfiah nan laboratory-ah a chhunga DNA emaw RNA emaw chi khat chu artificial-in a tipung a ni. Hei hi test sensitive tak a ni. Chumi awmzia chu virus tlem lutuk pawh a hmuchhuak thei tihna a ni. Hetiang method hi test group pakhat, Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT) an tih zingah a tel a ni.

PCR test hmangin eng natna nge hriat chhuah theih?

COVID hri leng avang hian PCR hi lar ni mah se, damdawi lam khawvelah kum sawm tam tak chhung chu hman a ni tawh a. He test hmang hian thil tam tak hriat theih a ni. A bulpui thenkhat han thlir ila.

Engtin nge PCR test atan sample i lak ang?

PCR test atana sample i lak dan chu eng natna chi nge i zawn tih a innghat a ni. Sample lak dan hi condition tin atan a inang lo.

A tam zawkah chuan PCR test atana inbuatsaih nan thil bik tih a ngai lo. Mahse, thil ṭhenkhatah chuan, biopsy ang chi thil i tih hunah, i doctor chuan a ṭul angin thupek a pe hmasa ang che.

Engtin nge PCR technology hian hna a thawh?

Okay, tunah chuan he technology mak tak hian engtin nge hna a thawh tak tak tih hi han en ila. Hei hi scientific deuh a ni a, mahse awlsam takin ka sawifiah ang.

1. Sample buatsaih dan: A hmasa berin i hnen atanga sample lak (thisen, secretions, etc.) atang hian DNA emaw RNA emaw lakchhuah a ni.

2. Mixture siam dan: A dawtah hian he DNA/RNA isolated hi chemical bik thenkhat nen an pawlh a. He mixture a thil awm ber chu enzyme pakhat DNA Polymerase an tih hi a ni . Hei hi photocopy hna thawktu ber a ni.

3. Heating and Cooling Cycle: Tunah chuan he mixture nei tube te tak te hi machine bik ah dah a ni. He machine hian temperature a tisang a, a ti hniam bawk.

• Denaturation: Pakhatnaah chuan a lumna chu 95 degree Celsius vel thlengin tihsan a ni. Hei vang hian DNA strand pahnih chu a inthen ta a ni.
• Annealing: A dawtah chuan a lumna chu 55 degree velin tihhniam a ni. Tichuan, kan zawn DNA fragment nena inmil DNA (primers) te te chu DNA strand hrang hrangah chuan an inzawm khawm ta a ni.
• Reheating (Extension): Chumi hnuah chuan a lumna chu 72 degree vel a ni. Tichuan DNA polymerase enzyme chu a rawn lut a, chu primer atang chuan DNA strand thar a siam a, chu chu original DNA strand nen a inmil a ni.

4. Copying: Tunah chuan DNA strand pakhat copy pahnih siam a ni tawh. He temperature cycle hi vawi 30-40 vel a inher leh thin. Cycle khatah chuan DNA awm zat chu a let hnih in a pung a ni. Pahnih chu pali a ni a, pali chu pariat a lo ni a, pariat chu sawm leh paruk a lo ni ta... Cycle 30 vel hnuah DNA original single piece atang hian copy tluklehdingawn khat chuang siam a ni tawh.

Tunah chuan chu DNA/RNA fragment, a hmaa hriat theih loh khawpa te chu a lian ta hle a, awlsam taka hriat theih a ni ta.

PCR test chi hrang hrang a awm em?

Ni e, kan hriat chian ngai chi hnih a awm ber.

• Reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR): Virus thenkhat, Covid, influenza, HIV te hian an genetic information chu DNA aiin RNA ah an nei a. Normal PCR hian DNA chauh a copy thei. Chuvangin, RT-PCR-a i tih tur chu a hmasa berah chuan enzyme bik (Reverse Transcriptase) hmangin chu RNA chu DNA-ah ‘convert’ rawh. Chu DNA lo chhuak chu complementary DNA (cDNA) an ti a. Tichuan PCR process pangngai chu a thleng ta a ni.

• Real-time PCR / Quantitative PCR (Q-PCR): Hei hi a hmasawn deuh deuh a ni. Hemi kawngah hian thil thleng chu DNA copy a nih rualin fluorescent label a inbun a ni. DNA copy tam zel chuan he fluorescence hi a pung ve bawk. Machine hian he fluorescence hi a teh thei a ni. Chuvangin, kan nghah lai hian, chu chu real-time -ah a ni a, sample-ah hian DNA kaihhnawih chu a awm leh awm loh kan hmu thei a ni. Chu mai ni lovin, original sample (viral load)-ah hian virus engzat nge awm tih pawh rough idea a pe thei bawk. Covid-19 hmuhchhuah nan hian Real-time RT-PCR test, hengte pahnih inzawmkhawmna hi hman a ni fo.

PCR report hian eng nge a awmzia?

PCR report i dawn hunah hriatthiam a pawimawh hle.

• Detected / Positive: I report-ah "Detected" emaw "Positive" emaw a awm a nih chuan i sample-ah hian virus emaw an zawn genetic material emaw thenkhat a awm tihna a ni. A awlsam zawngin, infection hi i nei ngei ang.

• Not Detected / Negative: Hei hian sample test-naah hian DNA/RNA fragment inzawmte chu hmuh theih a ni lo tihna a ni. Chumi awmzia chu chu natna chu i nei lo a nih a rinawm ber.

Mahse hetah hian thil pawimawh tak a awm. A châng chuan, hri kai tirh lamah (a bik takin symptoms a lan hma) i test chuan i taksaa virus awm zat a tlem thei a, PCR-in a hmuchhuak lo thei bawk. Chuvangin, ‘Not Detected’ result i hmu a nih pawhin, symptom i la nei a nih chuan i doctor nen inbia a, a thurawn zawm a tha ber. Ni engemaw zat hnuah retest turin an ti mai thei che.

Results hmuh hun chhung hi test tih a zirin a inang lo. Hnar swab (COVID, influenza ang chi) hian darkar 24 chhungin result a hmu tlangpui. Amaherawhchu, thisen test leh biopsy hmanga thlahtu natna zawng tur chuan kar khat emaw a aia rei emaw a la ngai thei a ni.

PCR test emaw a result emaw chungchanga zawhna emaw, ngaihtuahna emaw i neih chuan i doctor nen inbiakna neihpui ngei ngei tur a ni.