"Diabetes" hi kan ramah hian mi tam tak zingah natna tlanglawn tak a ni a, mi tam takin an neih ve bawk a ni. I chhungte emaw, i ṭhian emaw, nangmah ngei pawhin he natna hian a nghawng ve mai thei. Mahse mi tam tak chuan hei hi an hre chiang lo. Thenkhat chuan zunthlum an vei em tih pawh an hre lo. Chuvangin vawiinah hian he natna, a nih loh leh damdawi lama `(Diabetes Mellitus)` tia hriat, i hriatthiam theih tur awlsam takin kan sawi dawn a ni.
Zunthlum hi eng nge ni tak tak?
A awlsam zawngin kan taksain hormone `Insulin` a siam chhuah emaw, a siam chhuah insulin a hman emaw hian zunthlum hi harsatna a ni. Hetiang hian han ngaihtuah teh: kan taksaa cell te hi in te tak te ang mai an ni. Heng in te hian hnathawh nan hian energy, a nih loh leh "fuel" an mamawh a ni. He fuel hi "Glucose" emaw sugar emaw a ni a, chu chu kan ei leh in atanga siam a ni. Mahse he glucose hi cell an tih in chhunga a luh theih nan chuan "insulin" tih key a mamawh a ni.
He insulin key hi kan pum chhunga taksa peng pakhat ``Pancreas'' an tih atanga siam a ni. Diabetes hi a hnuaia chhan pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw vang a ni:
- I pancreas hian insulin a siam chhuak lo tak tak lo .
- Pancreas hian insulin a siam tlem hle .
- Taksa hian insulin a chhang tha lo. Hei hi ``Insulin Resistance'' kan ti a, chabi nei mahse kawngka khar chhe tawh ang mai a ni.
Heng avang hian glucose hi cell-ah a lut thei lo va, chu ai chuan thisenah a pung khawm zawk thin. Hei hi thisen sugar level a san lai a ni a, chu chuan zunthlum a thlen thin.
Zunthlum hi dam chhung zawnga natna a ni. Mahse lungngai suh, tha taka enkawl leh nun hrisel tak neih chu thil theih tak a ni.
Zunthlum chi hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?
Zunthlum hi chi hrang hrang a awm a. Chiang takin i hrethiam ang u.
| Zunthlum chi hrang hrang | A awlsam zawngin... | Tute nge a nghawng tam ber? |
|---|---|---|
| Type 1 Diabetes a ni | Taksa ngeiin a taksa a venghimtu (immune system) hian pancreas-a insulin siamtu cells te chu a tichhia a ni. Chuvang chuan taksain insulin zawng zawng a hloh vek a ni. An insulin source ber chu pawn lam injection a ni. | Naupan lai emaw, puitling tleirawl (kum 20 hnuai lam)-ah hriat chhuah ni fo mah se, kum eng pawhah a awm thei. |
| Type 2 Diabetes a ni | Taksa hian insulin a siam chhuak a, mahse a zat erawh a tawk lo. A nih loh leh taksa cell te hian chu insulin (Insulin Resistance) chu an chhang lo. Hei hi khawvela type hman tlanglawn ber a ni. | Kum 40 chunglam leh thau lutuk te zingah a awm tlangpui. Amaherawhchu thau lutuk vangin tunah chuan naupang zawk, naupangteah pawh a thleng ta a ni. |
| Prediabetes a awm thei | Thisen sugar level hi a pangngai aia sang a ni a, mahse zunthlum tia sawi tur khawpin a sang lo. Hei hi vaukhânna ang a ni. | Type 2 diabetes vei theihna hlauhawma awm apiang chu an hlauhawm hle. Nunphung thlak danglam hian zunthlum lo awm tur venna kawngah a pui thei a ni. |
| Naupai laia zunthlum vei | Naupai laiin hormone inthlak danglamna avanga hun eng emaw chen atana zunthlum natna. | Hmeichhe naupaiah a awm thin. Hetiang dinhmun hi naute pian hnuah a bo fo thin. Mahse, a hnuah type 2 diabetes vei theihna a sang chho zel a ni. |
A dang hmuh tur awm lo chi hrang hrang
Heng chi lian ber berte bakah hian chi tlem zawk ``Monogenic diabetes`` te pawh a awm a, chu chu genetic factors avanga lo awm a ni. Zunthlum hi damdawi thenkhat emaw, damdawi lam thil dang emaw avanga lo awm thei a ni bawk.
Zunthlum natna lan chhuah dan engte nge ni? Engtin nge i hriat chian?
Zunthlum natna lan chhuah dan hi a chi hrang hrang a zirin a inang lo thei hle. A chang chuan zunthlum hi a lanchhuahna awm lovin a awm thei bawk.
| Symptom a ni | Hrilhfiahna |
|---|---|
| Type 1 diabetes natna lan chhuah dan tlangpui (a lo awm nghal thei) . | |
| Tuihal lutuk tih hriatna | Tui engzat pawh in la, tuihal lo tih hriatna. |
| Zun chhuah fo thin | Zun fo ngai, a bik takin zan lamah. |
| Chhan awm lovin taksa rihna tihtlem | Chaw ei tha chung pawha thau lutuk. |
| Chauh lutuk leh hah lutuk | Engmah ti lo pawhin chau lutuk tih hriat. |
| Mit hmuh a fiah lo | Ṭhenkhat chuan mit an thlak danglam a, an rilru a fiah lo hle. |
| Type 2 diabetes symptom dang (a lo awm zauh zauh fo) . | |
| Hliam dam rei lutuk | Hliam te tak te pawh hi a dam theih nan hun a duh thin. |
| Vun a na | Itching fo thin, a bik takin genital area-ah. |
| Yeast Infection awm thei te | Yeast infection awm fo thin. |
| Ke ruh leh ke ruh (limbs) a natna (numbness) a awm | Kut leh kea tingling emaw, kang emaw a awm. |
Gestational diabetes hian symptom a nei lo fo a, chuvang chuan naupai laiin diabetes test neih a pawimawh hle.
Zunthlum i vei em tih hriat nan eng test nge tih thin?
A chunga kan sawi tak symptoms te hi i neih chuan, emaw, i chhungkuaa mi pakhatin zunthlum a vei a nih chuan, doctor pan a, in enfiah a tha ber. Zunthlum hriat theihna tur thisen test lian ber ber eng emaw zat a awm a.
- Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) Test: Darkar 8-10 chhung chaw nghei hnua thisen test (tui ni lo thil dang ei leh in loh) tih a ni.
- A1c Test (HbA1c): Hei hian thla 2-3 kalta chhunga i thisen sugar level zatve (average) hriat theihna a pe a ni.
- Random Blood Sugar (RBS) Test: Nitin engtik lai pawha tih theih a ni.
- Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): Chaw nghei zawhah thisen sample lak a ni a, chutah chuan sugary drink an in a, darkar khat leh darkar hnih hnuah thisen lak lehin sugar level endik a ni.
Heng test result a\ang hian i doctor chuan zunthlum emaw prediabetes emaw i nei tih a hre thei ang.
Zunthlum enkawl dan leh enkawl dan
Zunthlum hi damdawi a la awm lo. Mahse, enkawlna dik leh nunphung thlak danglam chuan , a control tha hle a, harsatna engmah awm lovin nun hrisel takin i nung thei bawk. Enkawlna tum berte chu:
- Thisen sugar level chu target range chhunga awm reng.
- Thisen sang leh cholesterol level control.
- Zunthlum avanga hriselna lama harsatna dang (mit, kal, nerve lama harsatna) awm thei venna.
Diabetes i neih chi hrang hrang a zirin enkawl dan a inang lo.
1. Damdawi chi hrang hrang
- Insulin: Type 1 diabetes vei zawng zawng leh type 2 diabetes vei thenkhat chuan insulin injection lak a ngai a.
- Damdawi ei: Type 2 diabetes tan chuan doctor ten metformin ang chi pill an pe thin. Chungte chuan taksain insulin a hman that zawk emaw, insulin siam tam zawk emaw a pui thin.
2. Ei leh in hrisel
Diet hi zunthlum enkawlna atana thil pawimawh tak a ni . Sugar leh sugary drinks te bakah starchy foods (chhang, buhfai) te hian rang takin thisen sugar level a tisang thei a ni.
- Ei tur tha tak tak:Thlai, thei (doctor zawt), legumes, whole grains, sa thau lo, leh sangha te.
- Thil tihtlem tur: Sugar, sweetened drinks, oil leh thau tamna ei tur, chi, processed foods.
3. Exercise tih tur a ni
Ni khata minute 30 tal exercise, chak taka kal emaw, tui chawi emaw, kar khatah ni 5 tal exercise i tih hian i taksain insulin a dawn dan a ti tha thei a ni. I rihna control turin a pui thei bawk. Exercise program eng pawh i tan hmain i doctor nen inbia ang che.
Type 2 diabetes hi a veng thei ang em?
Ni e, i ti thei ngei ang! Type 1 diabetes hi ven theih a nih loh laiin, type 2 diabetes vei theihna tur tihtlem nan thil engemaw zat i tih theih a awm .
- I taksa rihna hrisel tak vawng reng rawh. I thau lutuk a nih chuan tlem tal tihtlem tum ang che.
- Ei leh in hrisel ei rawh.
- Exercise neih fo thin ang che.
- Meizial i zu a nih chuan titawp rawh.
- I hlauhawm nia i hriat chuan doctor pan la, thurawn la rawh.
Zunthlum kaihhnawih natna eng emaw avanga emergency treatment i mamawh chuan damdawi in hnai ber Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) -ah kal a pawimawh hle.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- Diabetes hi hlauh tur a ni lo, a dinhmun tha taka enkawl theih a ni.
- I ei leh in, exercise leh treatment regimen te doctor-in a tih ang chiah kha zawm a pawimawh hle.
- A symptoms te chu fimkhur rawh. Ringhlel i neih chuan doctor thurawn la nghal rawh.
- I thisen sugar level leh blood pressure te enfiah fo thin ang che.
- Type 2 diabetes vei theihna i tihziaawm thei a, a bik takin nunphung hrisel tak hmangin i ti tlem thei a ni.
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