Rilru lam hriselna chungchang hi i hre tawh ngei ang. Entîr nân, lungngaihna, lungkhamna, leh OCD tih ang chi thumalte chu tûnah chuan kan inbiaknaah kan hmang fo tawh a. Mahse, engtin nge doctor-in mi pakhatin natna a neih leh neih loh a hriat chian theih ang tih i ngaihtuah ngai em? I lo chhut mai mai thei lo, a dik em? Chuvangin khawvel hmun hrang hranga psychiatrist leh mental health professional-te hman thin manual bik a awm a ni. Vawiin hian chu manual, DSM-5 chungchang kan sawi dawn a ni.
A awlsam zawngin, he DSM-5 hi eng nge ni?
DSM tih hi Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders tihna a ni a . Sinhala tawng chuan ‘Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders’ tihna a ni. Hei hi American Psychiatric Association (APA)-in rilru hriselna leh thluak nena inzawm natna chungchanga reference book a tihchhuah ber a ni.
A hming hi "5" in a tawp a, a chhan chu hei hi edition pangana a nih vang a ni. DSM-5 hi kum 2013 khan tihchhuah a ni a, chutah chuan March 2022 khan association chuan lehkhabu siamṭhat leh chu an tichhuak a, chu chu a thuziak ṭhenkhat nen an update leh a ni. DSM-5-TRTM tih a ni. Hetah hian TR hi ‘Text Revision’ emaw ‘Text Revision’ emaw tihna a ni.
Mahse, hei hi hriat reng tur a awm: DSM-5 leh DSM-5-TR te hi specialist leh professional te tana siam medical book a ni. Heng lehkhabu-a thu awmte hi technical tak a ni. Mi pangngai tan chuan he lehkhabu chhiar a, damdawi lam natna nei anga ngaih emaw, mi dang tan diagnosis siam emaw hi a dik lo . He lehkhabu chhiar hi doctor trained, thiam tak rawn panna aiah ngaih tur a ni ngai lo.
DSM-5 hmanna tak tak chu eng nge ni?
Khawsik i nei tih han ngaihtuah teh. Doctor-in a tih hmasak ber chu dengue a nih leh nih loh, common cold emaw, natna dang emaw a nih leh nih loh a hriat chian hmasak ber a ni. Thisen test a ti ang a, i symptoms te ngun takin a ngaithla ang. Chutiang bawkin rilru lam harsatna a awm chuan enkawlna hmasa ber chu eng ang dinhmun nge a nih tih dik taka hriat chhuah hi a ni.
DSM-5 lehkhabu hi chutiang hna thawk tura puih tum a ni.
- Rilru natna zawng zawng sawifiahna chiang tak, chipchiar tak a pe a ni.
- Natna tinte chhinchhiahna leh a nihna chu entîrna nên sawifiah a ni.
- Tin, he lehkhabu hian damdawi lam dinhmunte chu chi hrang hrangah a ṭhen a, hei hian doctor-te tan natna lan chhuahna inang pahnih nei chi hrang hrang thliar hran a awlsam phah a ni.
A awlsam zawngin, hei hi doctor tan chuan road map ang mai a ni. He lehkhabu-a tehfungte hi damloin a sawi lan natna lan chhuah dan nena inmil turin a pui a, diagnosis dik ber a thlen theih nan a pui bawk.
Hetiang lehkhabu pawimawh tak hi tuin nge siam? Engtin?
Hei hi zan khat thil thua tih a ni lo. American Psychiatric Association (APA) chuan khawvel hmun hrang hrang atanga rilru lam hriselna lama mithiam 160 chuang an ko khawm a, DSM-5 hi an siam a ni. Chung zingah chuan rilru lam doctor, psychologist, leh field hrang hranga specialist te pawh an tel. Chu bakah, professional dang za tam takin consultant hna an thawk bawk. He lehkhabu-a thu awmte hi khawlkhawm mai a ni lo va; test leh research hrang hrang hmangin a nemnghet a ni. Chumi awmzia chu he lehkhabu hi rintlak tak leh science lama innghat lehkhabu a ni tihna a ni.
DSM-5 ah hian eng nge a awm?
DSM-5 hian rilru lam hriselna dinhmun a ngaihtuah ber a, mahse thluak hnathawhna nena inzawm thilte pawh a ngaihtuah tel a, kan rilru hriselna leh thluak hnathawh hi a inthen theih loh avangin. He lehkhabu hi hmun thumah then a ni.
1. Part One: DSM-5 Basics: He section hian medical professional-te’n an hnathawhnaah he lehkhabu hi an hman dan tur kaihhruaina a pe a. Tin, rilru lam hriselna chungchanga thil, dan lam thil leh court case te ngaihtuah huna he lehkhabu hman dan tur kaihhruaina a pe bawk.
2. Part Two: Diagnostic Criteria leh Codes: Hei hi lehkhabu chhunga a lian ber leh pawimawh ber a ni. Bung tin hian natna chi hrang hrang chungchang a sawi a. Chu bung chhungah chuan natna dinhmun kaihhnawih te chiang takin tarlan a ni a, chu chu hriat theihna tura tehfung tulte pawh tarlan a ni bawk. Hei hi a hnuah chipchiar zawkin kan thlir leh ang.
3. Part Three: Emerging Measures and Models: He section hian doctor-te’n natna thenkhat an hriat theihna tura puitu assessment tools bikte a sawi a. Tin, hnam nunphung hrang hrangin diagnosis a nghawng theih dan tur a sawi bawk a, nakin lawkah zirchian belh zelna tur atana he lehkhabu-a dah belh theih tur dinhmunte pawh a sawi bawk.
DSM-5 lehkhabu-a sawi lan natna chi hrang hrang thenkhat
Tunah chuan he lehkhabu chhunga natna chi hrang hrang (disorders) chi hrang hrangte hi han thlir ila. Heng hmingte hi i lo hre tawh mai thei. List thui tak a ni a, mahse he lehkhabu-a rilru lam hriselna lama harsatna hrang hrang tarlan te hi ngaihtuahna a pe che a ni.
| Disorder Category hrang hrang a awm | Chumi hnuaia tla entirnan |
|---|---|
| Neurodevelopmental Disorder awm thei te | Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Zirna lama harsatna nei te hi a ni |
| Schizophrenia Spectrum leh rilru lam natna dangte | Schizophrenia, Delusional Disorder tih a ni |
| Bipolar leh a kaihhnawih natna | Bipolar I leh II natna te |
| Depressive Disorders a awm thei | Major Depressive Disorder, Lungngaihna nei reng reng |
| Lungkhamna (anxiety Disorder) a awm | Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Khawtlang lungkhamna, Phobias te pawh a awm bawk |
| Obsessive-Compulsive leh a kaihhnawih natna | Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), thil tihsual (Hoarding Disorder) tih a ni |
| Trauma- leh Stressor nena inzawm natna te | Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), insiamremna lama harsatna nei |
| Chaw pek leh ei leh in lama harsatna | Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa te hi a awm thei lo |
| Mut-Harh lohna (Sleep-Wake Disorders) a awm | Insomnia Disorder, Mut theih lohna, Restless Legs Syndrome te a awm bawk |
| Substance nena inzawm leh Addictive Disorder te | Zu Use Disorder, Withdrawal avanga natna lan chhuah dan |
| Neurocognitive Disorder te hi a awm thei lo | Delirium, Alzheimer natna, Parkinson natna, Thluak hliam natna (Traumatic Brain Injury) te a ni |
| Mihring nihna lama harsatna (Personality Disorders) a awm | Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), Narcissistic Personality Disorder tih te hi a ni |
He lehkhabu hi kan lei thei ang em, kan hmu thei ang em?
Awle. DSM-5 hi lehkhabu dawr leh online-ah lei theih a ni. Public library tam takah pawh an nei (thenkhat chuan library atanga lak chhuah phal lo mah se, chutah chuan consult mai mai tur a ni).
Mahse, vawi khat ka hriat nawn tir leh ang che u, he lehkhabu hi mipui tan hmuh theih ni mahse, damdawi lam thiamte tan a ni tih theihnghilh suh ang che. Chutiang a nih avang chuan tawng hi technical tak a ni. Layperson tan chuan hriatthiam a harsa hle mai thei.
Vanlawng thlawh dan tur chungchang lehkhabu pakhat han ngaihtuah teh. I chhiar thei a, a ngaihnawm mai thei bawk. Mahse, chu lehkhabu chhiar chuan pilot hna thawk turin training i nei lo a ni lawm ni? Tin, he DSM-5 lehkhabu pawh hi chutiang bawk chu a ni. Chhiar a, nangmah emaw, mi dang emaw hian rilru natna nei nia thutlukna siam chu thil hlauhawm tak a ni thei.
Nangmah emaw, i hmangaih tu emaw hian he lehkhabu-a tarlan natna hi i nei thei tih rinhlelhna tlemte pawh i neih chuan, a tha ber chu khawngaihin doctor thiam tak hmuh hi a ni.Nangmah operation nei lovin doctor i zawng ang bawkin, rilru lam hriselna chungchanga zirtirna nei doctor thiam tak thurawn la rawh.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- DSM-5 hi khawvel hmun hrang hranga psychiatrist leh mental health professional-te’n rilru natna dik taka an hriat theihna tura an hman thin, primary, standard manual a ni.
- Hei hi khawvel ram hrang hrang atanga mithiam za tam takin an thawhhlawk avangin scientific basis-a siam a ni.
- He lehkhabu hian natna tinte sawifiahna chiang tak leh diagnostic criteria a pe a, doctor-te chu enkawlna dik lam pan turin nasa takin a pui a ni.
- A pawimawh ber: DSM-5 hi professional-te tan technical tool a ni a, mipui zahawm tak takte tan chuan anmahni inhriatthiamna atana hman tur a ni lo . Nangmah emaw, i hnaih ber tu emaw rilru lam harsatna nei nia i rinhlelh chuan doctor thurawn la fo ang che .
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