I fa hnenah High-Grade Glioma chungchang i hrilh tawh em? I sawi dawn nia.

I fain thluak cancer a vei tih hriat hi nu leh pa angin eng ang nge a nih tih chu thumal hmanga sawi a harsa hle. Hetiang hunah hian zawhna tam tak rilruah a lo lang thin. Chuvangin, vawiin hian High-Grade Glioma chungchang kan sawi dawn a, chu chu thluaka tumor chi khat, a darh chak em em a ni. He thuchah hian he zinkawng harsa tak karah hian hriatthiamna leh chakna engemaw chen a pek che kan beisei.

High-Grade Glioma chu eng nge ni? A awlsam zawngin i hrethiam ang u.

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, high-grade glioma hi cancer chi khat a ni a, i fa thluak emaw, ruhroah emaw a thang chak hle. "Glioma" tih hian tumor tihna a ni. Heng tumor te hi cell chi khat "glial cells" an tih chu a inthen darh tan a, thunun theih lohvin a lo thang chak hle a ni. Heng glial cells te hi kan central nervous system-a neurons, a nih loh leh nerve te thlawptu leh chawmtu cell chi khat an ni.

"High-grade" tih hian he glioma chi hi a lo thang chak hle a, a na hle bawk . Dik tak chuan, high-grade gliomas hi tihdam theih vek a ni lo mai thei. Hei hi enkawl an harsat zawk vang a ni. Hei hi a chhan chu heng cancer cell te hi thluak emaw, ruhro emaw ah an darh chak em em a ni. Cell hrisel tak takte nena inzawm leh inzawmkhawmin an thang lian bawk. Cell hrisel leh cancer cell inzawmkhawm laiin tissue hrisel tichhe lovin cancer chauh lak chhuah a harsat zia han ngaihtuah teh. Chuvang chuan a chang chuan operation hmanga lak chhuah kim a harsa thin.

Gliomas grade sang tak takte "grade" chu eng nge ni?

World Health Organization (WHO) chuan gliomas te hi an than chak dan leh an nasat dan azirin an thliar hrang a. Chutiang chuan chi hnih a awm a, chungte chu "low-grade" (a na lo zawk, grade 1 leh 2) leh "high-grade" (a na zawk, grade 3 leh 4) te an ni. High-grade gliomas hi tumor lian tham tak, grade 3 emaw 4 emaw a ni.

Puitlingah chuan gliomas thenkhat chu low-grade atanga tan niin a hnuah high-grade a lo ni thei bawk. Mahse, mak tak maiin naupangte zingah hian high-grade gliomas hi high-grade atanga tan a ni tlangpui. Mahse, naupangte zingah chuan low-grade gliomas hi a tam zawk chu enkawl theih a ni a, high-grade a ni tam lo hle.

Thluak-ah hian khawiah nge high-grade gliomas hi a awm tam ber?

High-grade gliomas hi thluak "supratentorial compartment" emaw, thluak bul emaw-ah a lo awm tam ber.

• Supratentorial compartment: Hei hi thluaka cerebrum, thalamus leh hypothalamus awmna hmun a ni. Heng tumor te hi hetah hian awm glial cell atang hian an lo piang thei a ni.
• Thluak bul: 1.1.Heng high-grade gliomas te hi thluak hmun ``pons`` an tih ah pawh a lo awm thei bawk. Hei hi ``Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas'' (DIPG) chi khat bik an ti a. Hetiang DIPG hi a aggressive hle a, enkawl harsa tak a ni.

Tumor awmna hmun hi a pawimawh hle a, chu chuan i fate enkawl dan tur a hril dawn a ni. Entirnan, thluak bul chhunga tumor awmte chu operation hmangin him takin lakchhuah theih a ni lo fo thin.

Hetiang dinhmun hian tute nge a nghawng nasa ber?

High-grade glioma hi naute, naupang kum upa zawk, puitling naupang, leh puitling thlengin a awm thei. Mahse, naute leh naupang tête zingah high-grade glioma hi tleirawl leh puitlingah high-grade glioma nen a danglam a ni. Heng inthlauhna avang hian nausen leh naupang tête enkawl dan pawh a inang lo thei a ni.

High-grade glioma hi engtiang chiahin nge a awm?

High-grade gliomas hi naupangte thluaka natna tha lo ( malignant brain tumor) awm tam ber pahnihna a ni. Naupangte central nervous system tichhe thei tumor zawng zawng zinga 10% leh 20% inkar an ni.

High-grade glioma natna lan chhuahna chu engte nge ni?

Naupang hrang hrangah natna lan chhuah dan a inang lo thei. An thluak (or spinal cord) hmun eng ber nge tumor hian a nghawng tih te, naupang kum leh tumor a lo thang chak danah te an innghat a ni. Heng symptoms te hi tumor hian thluak a pressure a siam a, a hring chhuak thin vang a ni ber.

A lan chhuah dan tlangpui chu lu na a ni. Hei hi lu na hi rilru hahna emaw, luak chhuak emaw nena inzawm a nih chuan a dik hle. He lu na hi zing lamah a na ber. A châng chuan, a na lutuk thei a, zanah a kaitho thei che a ni. Naupang tê têin chutiang harsatna a tawh chu han mitthla teh.

Symptom dang hmuh theihte chu:

• Hmuh harsa, hriat harsa, tawng harsa (mit thei lo, hriatna hloh, tawng thiam lo).
• Balance hloh emaw, taksa ruh chak lohna (ataxia), kal harsa emaw thil chelh harsa emaw ang chi.
• Buaina emaw hriatrengna hloh emaw.
• Mutthilh reng, rilru hah lutuk.
• Seizures (fit ang chi) .

Nausen naupang tak tak (nausen) te chuan tap danglam tak tak, thinrimna, chaw pek dan inthlak danglam (bawnghnute in loh ang chi) te an hmu thei. Tin, a chang chuan an lu a lian deuh tih an hmu thei bawk a, an lu chunglama hmun nem (fontanelles) emaw "swamps" emaw te chu a langsar zual thei bawk.

Engvangin nge heng high-grade gliomas te hi an lo awm? A chhante chu engte nge ni?

Dik tak chuan zirchiangtute hian he thil hi a chhan dik tak an la hre lo.Puitlingah chuan prior radiation therapy hi heng tumor te hi a lo awm theihna tur risk factor a ni tih hmuhchhuah a ni. Naupangte pawh pawn lam emaw boruak atanga hlauhawmna ang chiah hian a nghawng thei a, mahse zirchianna dang neih belh a ngai a ni.

Mahse, inherited genetic syndromes hmuh tur awm lo tak tak thenkhat chuan naupangte zingah high-grade glioma vei theihna a tipung thei a ni. Genetic condition chu genes-a chhiatna emaw, thil dik lo emaw a ni a, chu chu cell-te hnathawh dan tur hrilhtu "code" a ni.

Chutiang dinhmun thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• A rilru a hah lutuk chuan a rilru a buai em em a, a rilru a hah lutuk chuan a rilru a buai em em bawk a.
• Turcot natna a ni
• Li-Fraumeni natna a ni

Mahse, glioma sang tak nei naupang tam tak chuan chhungkaw history-ah he natna hi an nei lo tih hriat reng a pawimawh.

Engtin nge high-grade glioma hi hmuhchhuah a nih?

I fa doctor chuan i fa symptoms leh medical history uluk takin a en hmasa ang. Tichuan, thluak scan, a nih loh leh `imaging` hmangin tumor a awm leh awm loh leh a natna lanchhuahna thlentu a nih leh nih loh hriat theih a ni. Tumor a awm chuan `biopsy` tih a ni ang a, cancer (malignant) nge benign (benign) tih chiang taka hriat theih a ni ang.

• Imaging: MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scan leh CT scan (Computed Tomography scan) hmangin doctor-te chuan i fa thluak emaw, ruhro emaw-a tumor awmte chu a hmu thei a ni. MRI, a bik takin contrast-enhanced MRI hian CT scan aiin thlalak chiang zawk, chipchiar zawk a siam thei a ni. MRI hian magnet leh radio wave hmangin taksa chhunga thil awmte chu computer screen-ah thlalak a siam a. Chumi nêna inkalh takin MRI-ah chuan i fa kutah dye hlauhawm lo tak an inject a ni. Hei hian tumor awmna hmunte chu screen-ah a langsar zawk a ni.

• Biopsy: Thil tih dan bik "stereotactic biopsy" an tih hian tumor awmna dik tak chu a hriat theih a, chuta tang chuan tissue te tak te chu la in lab-ah a thawn thei a ni. Tichuan, specialist pakhat "pathologist" tia koh chuan cell te chu high-grade glioma cell an nih leh nih loh a enfiah thin. Heng test te hian cancer cells te mizia thenkhat pawh a hriat theih bawk. Heng mizia te hi a chang chuan enkawl dan tur hriat nan an hmang thin. Entîr nân, cancer enkawlna thar ṭhenkhat chu cancer cell chi ṭhenkhat chauh thawk tûra siam a ni. Chuvangin, heng test te hian i fa chu chu enkawlna atana candidate tha tak a nih leh nih loh hriat nan a pui thei bawk.

A châng chuan, a theih chuan doctor-te chuan biopsy nâna a tê tê chauh lak ai chuan a tumor pum pui chu an la chhuak vek a ni.Tichuan, diagnosis nen hian treatment (surgery) pawh a awm bawk.

Mahse, high-grade gliomas-ah chuan biopsy hi tih theih a ni lo mai thei. Tumor awmna hmun (entir nan, thluak kamah) a zirin, tissue pakhat lak hian thluak hmun pawimawh tak tak a tichhia thei a ni. Chutiang hunah chuan doctor-te chuan diagnosis siam nan imaging test-ah an innghat a ni.

High-grade glioma hi tihdam vek theih a ni em?

Hei hi mi zawng zawng rilrua zawhna lian ber a ni. Chhanna dik tak pek a har khawp mai. Hei hi a nghawng thei thil tam tak a awm a, chu chu naupang kum, cancer cell-a genetic change engzat nge awm, operation neih laiin tumor chu engzat nge lakchhuah a nih tih te hi a ni.

High-grade glioma enkawl dan tur chu engte nge ni?

Enkawlna tum ber chu tumor tihbo te, tumor thanna tihtawp emaw control emaw, naupang chu a natna lan chhuah dan tihziaawmna hmanga hahdamna pek hi a ni.

Tumor chi hrang hrang, a awmna hmun leh thil dang a zirin, i fa enkawlnaah hian specialist engemaw zat an tel thei a ni. Team-ah hian neurosurgeon, neuro-oncologist, radiation oncologist, endocrinologist, nurse practitioner leh social worker te an tel thei a ni.

A hnuaia mi pakhat emaw, a aia tam emaw hi enkawlna atan hman theih a ni:

• Surgery: Surgery hi high-grade gliomas him taka lakchhuah theih enkawlna ber a ni. Hetah hian doctor chuan a chhehvela tissue hrisel te tichhe lovin a tam thei ang ber tumor chu lakchhuah a tum thin.
• Radiation therapy: Focal radiation therapy hi naupang kum 3 chunglam tan chuan standard treatment a ni. Naupang tê tê tak takte chu radiation therapy pek an ni lo tlangpui a, a chhan chu an thluak hmasawnna a nghawng thei a ni. He enkawlnaah hian machine pakhatin X-ray dose sang tak hmangin tumor chu a target a, a chhehvela tissue hrisel tak takte a tihchhiat loh nan a fimkhur a ni. Radiation therapy hian tumor a ti tlem a, cancer cell a that a, symptoms a ti tlem bawk.
• Chemotherapy: Naupang tê tê tak takte hian radiation therapy an dawn theih loh avangin tumor thanna tur control nan chemotherapy hman a ni. Chemotherapy hian cancer cell te tihlum nan damdawi an hmang thin. Mahse, high-grade gliomas tan chemotherapy hi engtiang chiahin nge a hlawk tih erawh sawiselna a la awm reng a ni. Chemotherapy damdawi thenkhat, temozolomide te hian puitlingah gliomas chi thenkhat tan hna a thawk tha hle laiin, chutiang damdawi tho chu naupang tan chuan a thawk tha lo hle.
• Palliative care-a enkawlna: 1.1.Palliative care professional-te chuan i fa enkawlna hun chhunga a nunphung ṭhatna vawng reng thei tur thutlukna siam turin an pui thei che a ni. I fa chu a natna hmuhchhuah a nih theih nan leh a natna lan chhuah dan atanga hahdamna a hmuh theih dan tur an rawt thei bawk.

High-grade glioma hi enkawl hnuah a lo lang leh duh zawk. Chutiang a nih chuan i doctor chuan "targeted therapies" a rawn rawt thei ang. Hengte hi i fa tumor-a molecule pangngai lo (genetic mutation avanga lo awm) chauh target-a enkawlna a ni. Heng "molecular targeted therapies" te hi "clinical trials" hmanga hmuh theih a ni. Clinical trial hi enkawlna thar a him leh him loh enfiahna zirchianna a ni.

A châng chuan, heng targeted therapy damdawi te hi market-ah a awm a nih chuan, emaw, zirchianna hmasaah i fate glioma chi hrang hrang tan a tangkai tih hmuhchhuah a nih chuan, i doctor chuan clinical trial pawnah a pe thei che a ni.

Heng enkawlnate hian eng side effect nge a neih?

Damdawi hrang hrang avanga side effect awm thei te chu i doctor nen sawiho rawh. Doctor-te chuan radiation therapy laiin tissue hrisel tihchhiat loh tumin theihtawp an chhuah laiin, tissue hrisel thenkhat chu a la nghawng thei tho. Thluak peng engte nge a nghawng dan azirin radiation therapy hian thluak hnathawh a nghawng thei a, naute thanlenna a nghawng thei a, hormone siamchhuahna a tibuai thei bawk.

Naupang enkawltu medical team te nen enkawlna atanga hlawkna leh hlauhawm awm thei te uluk taka sawiho leh tehfung neih a pawimawh hle.

Ka fa hian high-grade glioma a neih chuan eng nge ka beisei ang?

I fate prognosis hi thil tam takah a innghat a, chu chu i doctor-in a sawipui thei che a ni. Cell natna chi hrang hrang, cell mizia leh operation chhunga tumor engzat nge lak chhuah tih te hian a rah chhuah chu a hril vek a ni.

I fa dinhmun bik a zirin i doctor hnenah eng nge i beisei tur tih zawt rawh.

High-grade glioma damchhuah zat hi engzat nge ni?

Hetiang tumor hi enkawl hnuah a rawn let leh duh zawk. Naupang kum nga chhunga high-grade gliomas dam rei zat chu 20% aia tlem a ni. Mahse, heng tumor te hi an danglam hle tih hriat a pawimawh hle. Hmun hrang hrangah an thang lian a, an chhunga cell awmte mizia pawh a inang lo. Heng danglamnate hian i fa hmalam hun a nghawng thei a ni.

Doctor hnenah eng zawhna nge ka zawh ang?

Hetiang hun lai hian rilruah zawhna lo lut chhiar sen loh a awm. Mahse, i doctor hnenah heng zawhnate hi zawh theihnghilh suh:

• Ka fa tan hian eng enkawlna kawng nge awm?
• Engtin nge tumor awmna hian enkawlna kawng hrang hrang a nghawng?
• Enkawlna nena inzawm hlauhawmna engte nge awm?
• Enkawlna a\angin eng result nge kan beisei ang?
• Engtin nge ka fa enkawl lai hian ka enkawl ang?
• Ka fa hi eng chen nge enkawlna leh enkawl zui tura lo kal a ngai ang?

A tawp berah chuan thil hriat reng tur

High-grade glioma diagnosis dawn hi thil harsa tak a ni thei. He cancer hi a darh chak hle a, enkawl hnuah pawh tumor te hi a lo let leh thei a ni. I fain a tawn duh loh side effects nen enkawlna hlawkna chu i tehkhin a ngai fo ang.

Hemi hun chhung hian nangmah, i fa leh i chhungkaw dangte tanpui nan hmanraw awm zawng zawng hmang rawh. I doctor nen enkawl dan tur leh clinical trial chungchang sawipui rawh. Palliative care service a awm chuan anmahni rawn pan rawh. He diagnosis in hmachhawn dun hian i fate chu in thlawp reng dawn tih hriattir rawh. Hei hi an tan chakna nasa tak a ni ang.

` Glioma, Thluak Cancer, Naupang Cancer, High-Grade Glioma, Neurosurgery, Radiation Therapy, Chemotherapy