Kan hriatrengna chungchang hi a awlsam zawngin i zir ang u. Hei hi thluak chungchanga thil mak tak a ni!

Heng thilte hi engtin nge kan hriat reng tih i ngaihtuah ngai em? Naupan lai atanga zir chhuah, thiante hming, in lam panna kawng... Hetiang thil hi a tam em em! Kan thluak hian heng zawng zawng hi hriat reng nan mak tak maiin hna a thawk tak zet a ni. Smart computer ang maiin information an khawlkhawm a, engtik lai pawha kan lak let theih nan uluk takin an dahkhawm thin. Chuvangin, vawiin hian he thil mak tak, buaithlak tak, memory tih hi chipchiar deuhin kan sawi dawn a ni.

Memory chi hrang hrang a awm em?

Ni e, kan hriatrengna hi chi khat chauh a ni tak tak lo. A chi hrang hrang a ni. A awlsam zawngin, memory hi chi thum ah kan then thei a. Eng nge an nih i en ang u.

1. Sensory hriatrengna (sensory Memory) a ni

Hei hi chi khatna a ni. Ngaihtuah teh, kawngpuiah i kal lai a, car thawm i hriat thut a, pangpar rim i hriat emaw, i taksa chunga thli tleh emaw i hriat lai hian... Heng thilte hi i hriatna hmangin i thluak-ah a kal a - chu chu i mit, i beng, i hnar, i lei, i vun hmangin a ni. Mahse he thu hi hun rei lo te chhung chauh, second tlemte ang maia hriat reng a ni. Hei hi sensory memory kan ti a ni . Hei hi hriatthiamna neia kan thunun thil a ni lo va, mahse mak tak maiin thil chipchiar tak tak a keng tel a ni.

Sensory memory pawh hi kan sense panga nena inzawm chi hrang hrangah then a ni bawk:

• Echoic memory: Hei hi thil hriat nen a inzawm tlat a ni.
• Haptic memory: Taksain a hriat, chu chu khawih nena inzawm thil a ni.
• Gustatory memory: Lei chunga taste sensation nena inzawm.
• Iconic memory: Mit hmuh theih thil nena inzawm.
• Olfactory memory: Hriak hriatna nena inzawm.

2. Hun rei lote chhunga hriatrengna

A chi hnihna chu hun rei lote chhunga hriatrengna (short-term memory) a ni. Hei hi hun eng emaw chen atana dahna tur hmun tlemte ang mai a ni. Hetah hian information hi hun rei lote chhung chauh, second tlemte atanga minute tlemte thleng chauh dah theih a ni. Mahse he memory hi kan hmang thuai thei. Ngaihtuah teh, mi pakhatin phone number a hrilh che a, i ziah chhuah hma loh chuan rei vak lo i hre reng em? Chu chu short-term memory hi a ni.

Mahse he short-term memory hian capacity (chu chu a chelh theih hun chhung) leh duration tihpun dan kawng hnih a awm a:

• Chunking: Thu hriatte chu pawl tenau zawka then hran a, hriatrengna kalpui dan. Entirnan, license plate number kan hriat reng hian a number te chu hmun hniha then a, hriatreng a awlsam zawk.
• Rehearsing: Thu hriat nawn fo thinna thiltih. Hla pakhata thumal awmte chu a zir chhuah theih nan vawi tam tak sawi nawn leh ang chi.

He hun rei lote chhunga hriatrengna hian information a buatsaih thei a, a process thei a, a hmang thei bawk a, zirchiangtu thenkhat chuan "working memory" an ti bawk.

3. Hun rei tak chhunga hriatrengna

A chi thumna leh pawimawh ber chu hun rei tak chhunga hriatrengna (long-term memory) a ni.. Hei hi kan hriatrengna dahkhawmna hmun nghet ber, lian ber a ni. Hetah hian kum tam tak chhung, dam chhung pawhin information dahkhawm theih a ni mai thei. Information engzat nge a dahkhawm theih tih hi a tawp chin a awm lo! I naupan lai atanga thil thleng, sikula i zir chhuah, i hriat zawng zawng chu he hun rei tak chhunga hriatrengnaah hian a awm vek a ni.

Long-term memory pawh hi chi hnih ah then a ni bawk:

• Declarative emaw Explicit Memory: Hei hi thil dik tak, thil thleng leh hmun ang chi thil kan dahkhawmna hmun a ni. Chutah chuan thu thar kan dah tel fo va, thu hlui pawh kan hrechhuak leh bawk.
• Non-declarative emaw Implicit Memory: Hei hian kan zir chhuah thiamna, tih dan leh inzawmna ang chi thilte a dahkhawm thin. Entirnan, bike khalh te, tui chawi te, leh type te. Chûngte chu hriatna nei emaw, hriat lohvin emaw kan hmang a ni.

Engtin nge memory hian hna a thawh? A mak khawp mai!

Okay, tunah chuan he thil buaithlak tak, memory an tih hi kan thluak chhungah engtin nge a awm tih hi han en ila. Hei hi thawnthu ngaihnawm tak a ni. Hemi kawngah hian thil pawimawh pali a awm a, chungte chu:

1. Inkhawm: Kan chheh vel a\anga thu hriatte khawlkhawm hi a hmasa ber a ni. Hei hian kan hmuh, kan hriat leh kan hriatte a kawk a ni.

2. Encoding: A dawtah chuan kan thluak hian he thu hi computer tawnga lehlin ang maiin awlsam taka dahkhawm theih tur format-ah a chantir a.

3. Storage: Tunah chuan, lehlin information te chu a inrualrem a, thluak ah a dah khawm ta a ni.

4. Retrieval: A tawp berah chuan thil kan hriatreng duh chuan thluak hian a thu dahkhawm atang hian a kaihhnawih information a thlang a, a la chhuak leh thin.

Heng zawng zawng a thlen theih nan hian thil tam tak, kan thluaka neurons te , an inkara thuchah kengtu neurotransmitters an tih chemical te, leh nerve cell inzawmkhawmna hmun synapse te pawh hi a buaithlak hle a, a inzawm tlat a ngai a ni. Tin, thluak hmun hrang hrang hian he hriatrengna kalphung hi direct-in an thawhpui bawk.

Thluak peng eng nge hriatrengna thunun?

Kan hriatrengnate hi a lo piang a, chu chu hriatrengna thar siam a ni a, a bik takin kan thluak hmun tenau tak, mahse pawimawh tak , hippocampus -ah hian a lo piang a ni. Hei hi kan thluak sir lehlamah, beng chung lam deuhah, temporal lobes an tih hmun lian tak takah a awm a ni. Heng temporal lobes leh hippocampus te hi i lu sir lehlamah a awm a. Hengte hi hriatrengna kan lak let theihna tura min puitu ber, chu chu hriatrengna atana min puitu berte chu an ni.

Hippocampus bakah hian thluak peng dangte pawh hi hriatrengna kawngah an inrawlh a:

• Hun rei tak chhunga hriatrengna atan: Basal Ganglia , Cerebellum , Neocortex, a then chu striatum leh amygdala an ti a ni .
• Hun rei lote chhunga hriatrengna atan: Prefrontal Cortex .
• Hriatrengna hriatrengna atan: Sensory Cortex , Parietal Lobe, leh Temporal Lobe .

Thluak peng engzat nge inzawmkhawmin hriatrengna pakhat siam chu en teh!

Eng natna nge hriatrengna nghawng?

A châng chuan kan hriatrengna hi natna chi hrang hrang emaw, chetsualna emawin a nghawng thei a ni. Chutiang dinhmun chuan thluak chhunga hriatrengna thununtu leh dahkhawmna hmunte chu a tichhe thei a ni. Hetiang a lo thlen hian hriatreng a har mai bakah harsatna dang tam tak a thlen thei bawk.

Hriatrengna tichhe thei natna leh dinhmun tlanglawn thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Alzheimer natna leh dementia chi dangte .
• Thluak natna hrik .
• Lungngaihna .
• Thil hriatna lama harsatna nei .
• Mut theih lohna .
• Rimtawng .
• Thai .
• Thyroid natna a awm .
• Lu hliam na tak (Traumatic Brain Injury) .

Nangmah emaw, i hriat miin emaw he natna hi i neih chuan damdawi lam thurawn lak nghal a pawimawh hle.

Kan genes hian hriatrengna a nghawng thei em?

Ni e, hei pawh hi zawhna pawimawh tak a ni. Kan genes, chu chu kan nu leh pate hnen atanga kan dawn rochun mizia te hian kan hriatrengnaah nghawng engemaw chen a nei thei a ni. Engtin nge tih i hria em?

• Thluak insiam dan leh hnathawh dan: Kan gene atanga kan dawn instruction te hian kan thluak lo thanglian dan leh a hnathawh danah nghawng lian tak a nei a. Chuvangin, hriatrengna hi thluaka dah a nih avangin hei hian hun rei lote leh hun rei tak chhunga hriatrengna a nghawng thei a ni.
• Genetic changes: Hriatrengna tichhe thei natna thenkhat hi genes inthlak danglamna (mutations) avanga lo awm a ni. Chung zinga ṭhenkhat chu thlah khat atanga thlah dangah a kal zel thei a, thenkhat erawh chu random takin a thleng thei thung.
• Epigenetics: Kan dam chhunga kan thil tawn te, kan nunphung te pawh hian kan genes hnathawh dan leh kan taksa hnathawh dan a nghawng thei a ni. Thil tawn a\anga kan zir reng avângin, kan hriatrengnate hian kan taksa chu boruak ṭha zâwk a hmachhawn theih nân a ṭanpui a ni.

Mahse thil pakhat chiang taka hriat reng tur a ni: kan hriatrengna, chu chu kan thil tawn te hi genes kaltlangin direct-a inthlunzawm a ni lo. Genes hian hriatrengna khawlkhawm leh hmangtu "machinery" a nghawng a, hriatrengna te hi a nghawng lo.

Engvangin nge thil thenkhat chu kan theihnghilh thin?

Hei hi harsatna kan neih vek a ni. Engvangin nge thil kan theihnghilh? Thil thar kan zir zel a, thil thar kan nei reng bawk. Mi thenkhat chuan kan thluak hian hmun khatah thu zawng zawng a dah vek niin an ngai a, computer-a hard drive ang maiin , mahse chutiang chu a ni tak tak lo. Thluak hi a fing hle. Hriatrengna pawimawh ber berte a thlang a, a vawng reng a, a pawimawh lo zawkte chu zawi zawiin a paih chhuak thin. Chutiang a nih loh chuan kan thluak hi information kan process theih zat hian a tibuaitu a ni ang!

Tin, hriatrengna hi kan thunun theih loh thil, a chunga kan sawi tawh ang natna thenkhat, leh hriatrengna siamtu leh dahkhawmna thluak peng hrang hrang tihchhiat te hian a nghawng thei bawk.

Tin, hei bakah hian:

• Mut that lohna te, hah lutuk te, leh lungkhamna te ang chi thilte hian ngaihtuahna fim tak leh thil hriatreng a ti harsa thei hle.
• A châng chuan, thluak hian kan tuar harsa tak tak thil lungchhiatthlâk tak takte laka kan invên theih nân hriatrengnate chu thlan chhuah hmanga tihtawp theihna a nei ṭhîn.

A pawimawh ber chu i hriatreng theih aia tam i theihnghilh ang maia i hriat chuan, chu chu a hma aia tam i theihnghilh tihna a ni , emaw, i nitin hnathawhna a nghawng a nih chuan, a tha ber chu doctor pan a, thurawn lak hi a ni ngei ang.

A tawp berah chuan hriat reng tur tlemte

Chuvangin, tunah chuan kan hriatrengna mak leh complex zia chu i hmu thei tawh ang. Kan nunah kan thil tawn apiang hi kan nihnaah a tel vek a ni. Chu thil tawn atang chuan, chu hriatrengna atang chuan kan zir chhuak reng a ni. Thil lum i khawih chuan i kang dawn tih hriat reng atanga, i naupan laia i room chhunga bang rawng hriatrengna thlengin, emaw, i shopping list-a thil pathum awmte hriat reng thlengin, kan hriatrengna hi a thawk reng a, a thawk reng a ni.

A châng chuan kawtthlêra i ṭhian i tawn hming i hrechhuak thut a, a châng erawh chuan i chhânna i ziah luh dawn lai takin exam-a i zir tawh thil pakhat chu i theihnghilh leh ṭhin. I hriatrengna a thawk tha lo a nih chuan tlem a lungawi lohna leh thinrimna i neih hi thil pangngai tak a ni. Mahse mihring kan ni vek a, kan thluak hian thu chi hrang hrang za zela 100 (perfectly) a buatsaih a, kan mamawh hunah kan hriat nawn leh theihna kawngah a famkim lo.

A châng chuan kan hriselna dinhmun leh kan nunphung ang chi thilte hian kan hriatrengna hnathawh that dan a nghawng thei a ni. Thil awlsam tak tak , mut tam te, ei leh in inthlau tak ei te, exercise lak te, leh stress tihziaawmna te hian kan hriatrengna a tichak a, a tichak thei bawk.

Mahse, a châng chuan in lama damdawi ringawt pawh a tawk lo thei. I hriatrengna emaw, thil i theihnghilh emaw i ngaihtuah emaw, i ngaihtuah emaw a nih chuan ngaihthah suh la, doctor nen inbiakna nei ngei ang che. Tichuan a chhan chu i hre thei ang a, a tul chuan enkawlna \ha tak i zawng thei ang. I hriselna hi a hlu ber tih hre reng ang che!

`Hriatrengna, hriatrengna chakna, thluak, theihnghilh, nervous system, rilru hriselna, hippocampus