I naute mit a te em? Nge an la insiam lo em ni? (Microphthalmia leh Anophthalmia) I han sawi teh ang.

Naute thenkhat chu mit lama harsatna chi khat neia piang an nih thu i hre tawh mai thei. A chang chuan mit pakhat emaw pahnih emaw hi a pangngai aia te zawk a ni a, a tlem berah chuan mit chu a set tha lo thei bawk. Nu leh pate hian heng dinhmunte hi an hmuh hian an lungkham hle tih hi thil pangngai tak a ni. Chuvangin vawiin hian heng `(Microphthalmia)` leh `(Anophthalmia)` tih te hi kan sawi dawn a ni.

`(Microphthalmia)` leh `(Anophthalmia)` tih hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin, heng natna pahnih hi pianpui (pian tirh laia awm) a ni. Chumi awmzia chu nausen pum chhunga a la awm laiin mit thanna lama harsatna a awm vang a ni tihna a ni. Mi thenkhat chuan hengte hi "mit piansualna" an ti bawk.

Microphthalmia: Hei hi naute mit pakhat emaw, pahnih emaw a lo thanglian tha lo a, a tlangpui aia te zawka siam a ni . Mit chhunga thil awmte pawh a lo thanlen dan dik lo vangin a pianzia a dik lo thei bawk.

• A sir lehlamah a nghawng a nih chuan (`Bilateral microphthalmia`): Hei hian he natna hian mit pahnih a nghawng tihna a ni.
• A sir khat chauh a nghawng chuan (`Unilateral microphthalmia`): Hei hian he natna hian mit pakhat chauh a nghawng tihna a ni.

Mi thenkhat chuan hei hi "small eye syndrome" an ti bawk.

`(Anophthalmia)`: Hei hi naute mit pakhat emaw pahnih emaw a lo thanglian loh tak tak loh vang a ni . Chumi awmzia chu mit a siam lo tihna a ni.

• A sir lehlamah a nghawng chuan (`Bilateral anophthalmia`): Mit pahnih hi a hmunah a awm lo.
• A sir khat chauh a nghawng chuan (`Unilateral anophthalmia`): Mit pakhat chu a hmunah a awm lo.

Heng dinhmunte hi engtiang chiahin nge a awm?

Hengte hi a takah chuan dinhmun tlemte chauh a ni. Report thenkhatah chuan America ang ramah pawh hian heng natna (Anophthalmia leh Microphthalmia) hi kum tin nau piang 5,200 zinga pakhat vel ah a awm thin. Report ṭhenkhat phei chuan mi 10,000 zinga pakhat a nih thu an sawi. Chumi awmzia chu, naute zawng zawng hian hetiang hi an nei vek lo tihna a ni.

Heng natna lan chhuah dante hi engte nge ni?

Doctor-in naute a pian hnua uluk taka a enfiah chuan, a bik takin mit a enfiah hian he natna hi a awm leh awm loh an hre thei a ni.

A pawimawh ber chu mit hmuhna tlahniam emaw mit hmuhna hloh vek emaw hi a ni . Heng mit natna te bakah hian mit natna dang leh hriselna lama harsatna dangte pawh a awm thei bawk.

Mit lama harsatna awm thei dang thenkhat chu:

• Cataracts: Hetah hian mit chhunga lens chu clouding a awm a, chu chuan mit a ti fiah lo va, colour vision a hloh bawk.
• Coloboma: Hei hi mit chhunga tissue hloh a ni. A tam zawkah chuan hei hi mit rawng nei iris-ah a thleng thin. Coloboma vei chuan iris-ah cut a awm avangin mitmeng pianzia danglam tak a nei thei.
• Microcornea: Hei hi mit hmalam atanga lang chhuak (transparent part) cornea te hi a te hle a ni. Hetiang hi i neih chuan i mit (cornea) hi puitling i nih pawhin millimeter 10 pawh a sei lo ang.
• Detached retina: Hei hi natna khirh tak a ni a, mitdelna a thlen thei a ni. Mit hnung lama tissue layer, mit hmuhna atana min puitu chu retina chu supporting tissue atang hian a inthen ta a ni. Retina hi kan thil hmuh chungchangah thluaka signal thawntu a ni.
• Mitmeng tla (`Ptosis` emaw `Pseudoptosis`): `(Ptosis)` chu mitmeng a tlak hniam lai a ni. Muscle leh nerve te nen a inzawm tlat a ni. `(Pseudoptosis)` hi `(Ptosis)` nen a inang thei a, a chhan chu mitmeng pawh a tla thla a ni. Mahse, nerve emaw, muscle emaw avanga lo awm ni lovin, mitmeng a lo thang tha tawk lo vang a ni.

`(Microphthalmia)` leh `(Anophthalmia)` te hi engte nge ni?

Zirchiangtute chuan heng natna thlentu hi eng nge ni tih chiang takin an la hre lo . Nausen thenkhat chu heng natna nei hian an piang a, hei hi an genetic changes vang a ni. Zirchiangtute chuan gene leh chromosome inthlak danglamna te bakah environment factors te hian heng natna hi a thlen thei niin an ngai a, chu chu pian tirh atanga awm a ni.

Heng mit natnate hi a nghawng thei thil dang engemaw zat a awm a:

• Naupai laiin damdawi thenkhat hman dan: Entirnan, Isotretinoin (Accutane® tia hriat bawk) chu hmai vun tan, emaw Thalidomide cancer leh vun natna thenkhat tan.
• Naupai laiin X-ray emaw radiation dang emaw nena inzawmna.
• Naupai laia chemical hman: Entirnan, damdawi leh pesticide thenkhat.
• Naupai laiin natna thenkhat nena inzawmna: Entirnan, German measles (`Rubella`) leh `(Toxoplasmosis)` ang chi natna.
• Nuin vitamin A a tlakchham vang.

A pawimawh ber chu heng chhante hi awm mah se, mi zawng zawngin heng dinhmunte hi an tawng vek dawn lo. Tin, heng dinhmunte hi heng chhan hrang hrang awm lovin a awm thei bawk.

Engtin nge doctor-te hian heng natnate hi an hriat chhuah?

Nausen piang thar chungchangah chuan doctor chuan naute enfiahin heng natnate hi a hre thei a ni. Mahse, naupai lai pawhin heng natna te hi hriat theih dan a awm.

Naute pian hmaa heng dinhmunte hriat theihna tur test te chu:

• Ultrasound: Hei hian high-frequency sound wave hmangin thlalak a siam a. Mahse, naute chu a pum chhunga a la awm laiin ultrasound an tih chuan a natna hi a hrechhuak ngai lo mai thei.
• Nausen MRI hmanga nausen MRI:`(MRI)` tih hi `Magnetic Resonance Imaging` tihna a ni. Hei hi specialized imaging test a ni. Nausen pian laia harsatna leh harsatna awm thei te hriatchhuahna atan a tangkai thei hle.
• Genetic testing: Entirnan, Quad marker screening test ang chi test te hi a ni. Quad screen hi naupai kar 15 atanga kar 20 inkar chhunga thisen test a ni. Hei hian naute genetic condition chungchangah information engemaw zat a pe thei a ni.

`(Microphthalmia)` leh `(Anophthalmia)` te hi eng enkawlna nge ni?

Vanduaithlak takin tunah hian medical science hian heng natna nei naute piangte tan mit thar pek theihna tur kawng a nei lo. Mahse, heng natnate nena nunpui thei tur enkawlna a awm.

• Conformers: Hengte hi eye socket chhunga dah thin device te an ni. Mit socket leh hmai peng hrang hrangte chu a pangngaia a lo thanlen theih nan an pui thin. Naute hmai a lo sei chhoh zel chuan heng hmanrua te hi a lian zawk a ngai dawn a ni.
• Prosthetic eyes: Hei hi mit siam (artificial eyes) a ni a, mit zungbun ruak (empty eye sockets)-ah dah a ni. Hengte hian mit socket leh hmai thanna kawngah pawh a pui bawk. Tin, hmel lama harsatnaah pawh an pui bawk.
• Surgery: Cataract, coloboma ang chi natna enkawl nan emaw, conformer-te nena inmil tur chuan operation neih a ngai mai thei.
• Naupang leh chhungkaw mitdelna emaw, mitdelna emaw an tawrh theihna tura puitu rawngbawlna: Chung zingah chuan mitdel naupangte zirtirtu zirtirtu te, mitdelna therapist te, leh mitdelna lama mithiam te an tel a ni. Heng early intervention services te hian naupang chu kea kal, inbiakna leh midangte nena inpawh dan zir turin a pui thin. Tin, naupang nun siam\hatna tura chhungkua \angrual turin an \anpui bawk.
• Glasses emaw Contacts: A chang chuan, Microphthalmia vei mit hian mit hmuhna engemaw zat a nei thei. Chutiang hunah chuan Amblyopia (lazy eye tia hriat bawk) ang chi natna enkawlna atan corrective lens hman a ngai mai thei. Mit pakhat chauh hmuh theihna i neih chuan protective glasses vuah a pawimawh . Microphthalmia hian mit eng hmun nge a nghawng tih a zirin corrective lens hmangin chiang takin i hmu thei mai thei.

Engtin nge he risk hi ka tihziaawm theih ang ?

Microphthalmia leh anophthalmia hlauhawmna hi tihbo vek theih a ni lo. Mahse, i naupai him zawk nan thil i tih theih a awm :

• Naupai hmain Doctor hmu rawh: Naupai hma leh in naupai lai hian a hrisel thei ang bera awm turin thawk ho rawh. He inbiaknaah hian naupai hmain eng vaccine nge i tih zawh tur tih pawh in sawiho thei bawk.
• Nau neih hmaa enkawlna hi a hma leh dik takin tan la, chhunzawm zel rawh: I doctor appointment-te chu tlawh loh tur a ni a, i dam tha hle a nih pawhin.
• Damdawi leh thil dang i ei tur chungchang doctor nen sawiho rawh: Naupai hrisel tak atan a him em tih enfiah rawh. Hei hian i doctor-in damdawi a pek apiang a huam a, chubakah vitamin emaw supplement emaw i ei lai pawh a huam tel bawk. Isotretinoin emaw Thalidomide emaw i ei a nih chuan i doctor hnenah hrilh ngei ang che .
• I medical history leh chhungkaw medical history i sawiho hnuah i doctor chuan i naupai hmain genetic test neih a rawt thei ang.
• Chemical tha lo lakah inthiarfihlim rawh.

`(Microphthalmia)` emaw `(Anophthalmia)` emaw ka neih chuan eng nge ka beisei ang?

`(Microphthalmia)` leh `(Anophthalmia) te hi damdawi kimchang a la awm lo . A pawimawh ber chu heng dinhmun leh a kaihhnawih harsatna dangte hi engtin nge kan enkawl ang a, kan nunpui ang tih hi a ni.

Engtikah nge ka doctor ka hmuh ang?

Nangmah emaw i fa emaw hian `(Microphthalmia)` emaw `(Anophthalmia)` emaw i neih chuan specialist medical team tanpuina dil a pawimawh hle . General pediatrician emaw internist emaw bakah hian heng natna vei tu emaw chuan hetiang service hi a mamawh fo ang:

• Mit lam (Ophthalmologist): Mit natna leh mit lama harsatna awmte hriatchhuah leh enkawltu doctor a ni.
• Ocularist: Mit siam leh conformer ang chi hmanrua siam thei leh fit thei mi.
• Oculoplastic surgeon: Mit, orbit leh a siamtu ruh hrang hranga training bik dawng tawh surgeon.

Heng zawng zawng hi i (or i fate) medical team-ah telh vek a tha a, chubakah mamawh dang atana pui thei tur specialist-te pawh telh vek a tha.

Eng dinhmun dang nge `(Microphthalmia)` leh `(Anophthalmia)` nena inzawm theih?

Microphthalmia leh anophthalmia hi nau piang laia damdawi dang awmte nen a awm dun thei a ni. Entirnan, taksa peng hrang hrang (polydactyly ang chi), hmai leh hmui lama chhiatna (cleft lip and palate ang chi), leh rilru lama harsatna te.

Tin, `(Anophthalmia)` leh `(Microphthalmia)` tih te hi congenital syndrome thenkhatah a awm thei bawk. Entirna thenkhat chu:

• `(Aicardi natna)`: 1.1.Hei hi natna hmuh tur awm lo tak a ni. Pian tirh atangin taksa peng thenkhat a hloh phah thei a ni. Hetiang natna vei te hian dam chhung zawng hriselna lama harsatna an nei thei a, chu chu seizure leh development delay te hi a ni.
• CHARGE syndrome: Hei pawh hi natna hmuh tur awm lo tak a ni. Taksa peng tam tak a khawih a, mit leh thinlung a nghawng a ni.
• SOX2 anophthalmia syndrome: Mit bo emaw, mit te tak te neih bakah hian he syndrome vei te hian seizure leh thluak lama harsatna an nei thei bawk.
• Lenz microphthalmia syndrome: Mit te bakah hian he syndrome vei te hian mit chetna thunun theih loh te, zirlai lama harsatna te, ruh leh zun kawng lama harsatna te an nei thei a ni.

Naupai lai hian i naute hian `(Microphthalmia)` emaw `(Anophthalmia)` emaw a nei thei tih i hriat chuan i lungkham hle mai thei. Hei hi thil pangngai a ni. I medical team nena inbiakna hian heng natnate enkawl dan tur ruahmanna siam turin a pui thei che a ni. I fate zir tura pui turin ``early intervention services`` a awm a, i chhungte leh i fate hlawhtlinna tura puitu tur ``support group`` pawh a awm bawk.

Thil pawimawh hriat reng tur (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, chuvangin kan sawi tawh atang khan i hriat reng tur thenkhat chu khaikhawm ila:

• Microphthalmia chu mit pakhat emaw, mit pahnih emaw chu a tlangpui aia te zawk a nih chuan a ni. Anophthalmia chu mit pakhat emaw, mit pahnih emaw a awm loh chuan a ni. Hengte hi pian tirh atanga awm thin condition te an ni .
• Hei hi a chhan dik tak hriat ni lo mah se, genetic leh environmental factors hian hmun a chang thei a ni.
• Hengte hi naupai laiin ultrasound leh fetal MRI ang chi test hmangin a hmain hriat theih a ni.
• Mit thar thlak theih a nih loh laiin, ``Conformers'', ``Prosthetic eyes'', surgery, leh specialist support services hmangin mite chu heng dinhmunte hi an nunpui theih nan kan pui thei a ni.
• Naupai laiin hrisel taka awm leh damdawi lam thurawn zawm hian heng natna te hi eng emaw chen chu a tihziaawm thei a ni.
• Nang emaw i fa emaw hian he natna hi i neih chuan hlau suh . Specialist medical team te puihna te, chhungkaw hmangaihna te, leh enkawl dan dik tak te nen chuan i fa hian nun tha tak a hmang thei ang.

He thu hi in tan a tangkai ngei ka beisei. Zawhna dang i neih chuan i doctor nen inbia ngei ang che.

` microphthalmia, anophthalmia, pianpui mit natna, mit te, mit awm lo, nau piangsual, naupang mit lam enkawlna