Nocardiosis: He bacteria hi leia a lo awm tih i hria em?

Nitin kan khawih leh kan kalna leiah hian min ti na thei bacteria a awm tih i ngaihtuah ngai em? He thu hi i hriat chuan mak i ti mai thei. Vawiin hian natna pakhat, hun engemaw chen kan hriat ngai loh, mahse mi zawng zawng hriat a pawimawh em em tih kan sawi dawn a ni. Hei hi medical science-ah chuan Nocardiosis an ti a. Hei hi bacteria vanga infection a ni. Ngaihtuah buai suh, he thu hi chipchiar tak leh awlsam takin kan sawi dawn a ni.

Nocardiosis tih hi eng nge ni? A awlsam zawngin...

Nocardiosis hi natna hrik pakhat Nocardia an tih atanga lo chhuak a ni. He bacteria hi kan chhehvel leiah te, organic matter chhe mek ah te, leivut ah te a awm tlangpui. Kan in hnung lama leilung ang maiin han ngaihtuah teh.

He natna hian kan lung, vun leh a chang chuan thluak a nghawng ber a ni. A tam zawkah chuan he natna hi he natna hrik awmna leivut chi hrang hrang kan thawh hian a lo awm a, a nih loh leh he natna hrik hi vunah hliam atanga taksaa a luh hian a lo awm thin.

A pawimawh ber chu nocardiosis hi natna tlanglawn tak a ni lo. Chu chu mi zawng zawngin awlsam taka kan hmuh theih thil a ni lo tihna a ni. Mahse, a lo awm a nih chuan, a bik takin taksa hriselna chak lote tan chuan a chang chuan thihna a thlen thei a ni. Chuvangin hei hi hriat chian a pawimawh hle.

He natna hi engtiang chiahin nge a hluar?

Nocardiosis hi a takah chuan natna hlauhawm tak a ni. Entirnan, America ang ramah chuan kum khatah hri kai 500 atanga 1000 vel chauh an awm thin. Mahse, thil bik thenkhatah chuan a hlauhawmna a sang zawk. Entirnan, heart transplant emaw lung transplant emaw nei tawh zinga 1% leh 4% inkar chu he nocardiosis hi vei theihna an nei tih hmuhchhuah a ni. Sri Lanka-ah pawh hetiang hi a awm fo a, a bik takin immune system chak lo zawkte zingah a awm fo.

Nocardiosis natna lan chhuahna chu engte nge ni?

He natna lan chhuah dan hi taksaa hri kai awmna hmun azirin a inang lo. Simptom langsar tak tak hmuh tur awmte hi han thlir ila.

Lung nena inzawm (hei hi a tam ber):

• Khuh (a chang chuan phlegm nen) .
• A rilru a na
• Thâwk lak tawi (thawhrimna tlemte pawh nise thawk harsa) .
• Khawsik
• Chhan awm lovin taksa rihna tihtlem
• Zan a thawk hah
• Extreme fatigue (hei hi hahna hriatna a ni a, ni tin a pung zel) .

Vun nena inzawm:

• Vunah ulcer emaw, hliam emaw a awm
• Vun hnuaia lumps (nodules) - Hengte hi a chhehvel vun aiin a sen, a sen, a dum zawkin a lang thei. A chang chuan an hrehawm thei hle.

Nocardia vun natna hi eng ang nge a nih?

I vunah hliam te tak te i nei a, chutah chuan bawlhhlawh i awm ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. He Nocardia bacteria hi chutah chuan a lut a nih chuan a sen ang a, a hring ang a, a blister mai thei a, pus a chhuak ang. A chang chuan crust pawh a siam thei bawk. Mi thenkhat tan chuan hei hi a hrehawm thei hle.

Infection hi thluaka a darh chuan (hei hi natna khirh zawk a ni):

• Lu na (lu na tak, awm reng) .
• Nausea leh luak chhuak
• Nunna nei lo dinhmun
• Buaina (hriatna hloh nghal, buai) .
• Epilepsy natna lan chhuah dan (seizures) .

Heng symptoms pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw i neih chuan, a bik takin immune system chak lo i neih chuan doctor lam pan vat a pawimawh hle.

Eng thilin nge Nocardiosis hi a thlen?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, a chhan chu Nocardia an tih bacteria a ni. He bacteria hi khawvel hmun tam takah leiah a awm a.

Engtin nge he bacteria hi kan taksaah a luh?

Thil tih dan tlangpui pathum a awm a, chungte chu:

1. Lei emaw leivut emawa bacteria awmte hip luh hmangin: Leivut awmna hmuna kan awm hian heng bacteria awmna chi te te te hi kan lung chhungah a lut thei a ni.

2. Vun hliam emaw hliam emaw atanga bacteria lut: Huana hna i thawh laiin i kut ah hling emaw, hliam te tak te emaw i nei tih han ngaihtuah teh. Chu hliam atang chuan lei atang chuan bacteria chu taksaah a lut thei a ni. Hliam awm tawh chungah tui bawlhhlawh emaw lei emaw a tlak chuan a thleng thei bawk.

3. Surgery laia damdawi hmanrua bawlhhlawh (contaminated medical equipment) hmangin (hei hi a tlem hle): Hetiang hi a thleng fo lo, a chhan chu damdawi-ina hmanrua te hi an vawn fai em em a ni.

He natna hi kai theih a ni em?

Ni lo, Nocardiosis hi mi pakhat atanga mi dang hnena kai theih natna a ni lo. Chumi awmzia chu natna vei mi biak emaw, kut inthlak emaw, hnaih taka awm emaw a\angin i kai thei lo tihna a ni.

Tute nge Nocardiosis vei theihna sang zawk?

A tlangpuiin, taksa hriselna tha tak nei chuan Nocardia bacteria hi a hip emaw, a vunah a tlak emaw pawh ni se, a natna a vei tam lo hle. Hei hi kan taksa invenna (defence system) hian bacteria a do a, a tihchhiat vang a ni.

Amaherawhchu, taksa peng hrang hrang chak lote chu he natna hi an vei theihna a sang zawk a ni. Immune system chak lo tihna a ni a, taksain natna thlentu hrik a do theihna a tlahniam tihna a ni.

Risk a san theihna tur dinhmun lian ber berte chu:

• Organ transplant lian tak nei tawhte: A bik takin lung emaw heart transplant (solid organ transplant) nei tawhte.
• Stem cell transplant nei tawhte: a bik takin midang atanga stem cell lak tawhte (allogenic stem cell transplant).
• Cancer vei te(A bik takin cancer enkawl lai hian).
• Zunthlum vei te.
• HIV hrik kai mite.
• Autoimmune natna vei emaw, immunosuppressants (kan taksain natna a do theihna tichhe thei damdawi) ei thinte.
• Mihring lung natna khirh tak nei te, entirnan `COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)` ang chi natna te.

Nocardiosis natna avanga harsatna awm thei te chu engte nge ni?

Sawi tawh angin hei hi uluk taka enkawl loh chuan a pawi thei hle. Harsatna awm thei thenkhat chu:

• He natna hi lung atanga taksa peng dangah a darh a: entirnan, thluak, thisen, vun, mit, kal, ruh emaw, ruh emaw thlengin.
• Pneumonia: Chuap natna a ni.
• Lung abscess: Lung chhunga hnim hring awmkhawm, lump siam .
• Sepsis: Hei hi nunna atana hlauhawm thei, taksain natna hrik a tawh chuan a chhanna tihpunna a ni.
• Thluak lama harsatna: Thâwk lakna lama harsatna awm.
• Organ failure: Taksa chhunga taksa peng pawimawh tak takte chak lohna.

Heng harsatnate hi mi zawng zawngah a thleng lo a, mahse risk sang pawla awmte chu a bik takin fimkhur a ngai hle.

Engtin nge Nocardiosis hi an hriat theih?

Doctor-te chuan test hrang hrang hmangin a natna hmuhchhuah chu an finfiah thin. A bulpui ber chu taksa atanga sample laknaah Nocardia bacteria hi zawn a ni. Chumi atan chuan hmanraw hrang hrang hman a ni a:

• Skin ulcers biopsies: Skin ulcer a awm chuan tissue te tak te la in microscope hmangin an enfiah a , a nih loh leh bacteria te chu an lo thang lian (culture) thin.
• Sputum sample: Lung natna nena inzawm symptoms a awm chuan miten an sputum test an nei ang.
• Bronchial alveolar lavage: Hei hian camera te tak te hmanga tube chu lung chhungah pass a, chuta tang chuan tui sample lak a, enfiah a ni.
• Biopsy from brain abscesses: Infection chu thluaka a darh a, abscess a lo awm tawh chuan chuta tang chuan sample lak thin a ni.
• PCR testing: Hei hi technique thar a ni a, bacteria atanga genetic material hmuhchhuah theih a ni a, infection a awm tih finfiah theih a ni.

Tin, lung infection awm leh awm loh enfiah nan chest X-ray emaw CT scan emaw pawh tih theih a ni bawk.I ti thei a ni.

Nocardiosis hi tihdam theih a ni em?

Ni e, hei hi natna tihdam theih a ni a, mahse a hmaa hriat chhuah a ngai a, uluk taka enkawl a ngai a ni.

Enkawlna ber chu antibiotics a ni . Doctor chuan hri kai nasat dan leh bacteria chi hrang hrang a zirin antibiotics pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw a pe thei a ni.

A pawimawh ber chu heng antibiotics te hi enkawlna hun pum pui atan, i doctor-in a tih angin ei tur a ni. A tlangpuiin, heng damdawi te hi hun rei tak, thla 6 atanga thla 12 vel i ei a ngai thin . Mi thenkhat, a bik takin immune system chak lo tak tak nei te chuan kum khat aia rei damdawi hi an ei a ngai mai thei. I natna lan chhuah dan a reh a nih pawhin i doctor-in a tih hma loh chuan damdawi ei kha titawp suh. Chutiang a nih loh chuan a chanve vel i chawlhsan chuan natna chu a lo let leh thei a ni.

A châng chuan thawk harsatna a nasat chuan supplement oxygen pek emaw, ventilator connect emaw pawh a ni thei . I damlo hle a nih chuan damdawi inah inenkawl a ngai mai thei.

Thihna rate chungchang eng emaw tak...

Hei hi hlauhawm tak angin a lang thei a, mahse hriat a pawimawh. Zirna thenkhatah chuan nocardiosis vanga thihna rate hi 15% leh 40% inkar a ni tih an sawi . Thil engemaw takah chuan (e.g., taksa hriselna chak lo tak tak nei, thluak natna nei) he zat hi a tam zawk thei bawk. Mahse, hei hi thil tam takah a innghat a, chu chu natna nasat dan te, a kai nasat dan te, damlo taksa hriselna (immune system) te hi a ni. Chuvangin, a hmaa hmuhchhuah leh enkawl hi a pawimawh hle.

Engtikah nge doctor i hmuh ang?

Nocardiosis chhinchhiahna ni thei tura i ngaih symptom i neih chuan doctor pan hmasa phawt ang che. Hei hi a chunga kan sawi tak risk group pakhata i awm (e.g., organ transplant dawngtu, immunosuppressant, emaw diabetics) i nih chuan a pawimawh hle.

Doctor i zawh theih tur zawhna thenkhat chu:

• Mahni in enkawl nan nitin ka tih theih thenkhat chu engte nge ni?
• Eng symptom nge ka fimkhur tur?
• Engtikah nge emergency room-ah i kal ang?
• Engtikah nge checkup dang neih leh tur?
• Engtin nge he damdawi hi ka hman tak tak ang?

Engtikah nge Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ah i kal ang ?

A hnuaia symptom na tak tak i neih chuan , emergency room-ah kal nghal rawh:

• A rilru a na hle
• Thâwk harsa na tak
• Buaina emaw, hriatna hloh emaw
• Epilepsy (seizures) natna lan chhuah dan .
• Hliam dam lo leh lian zual zel
• Vunah hian blister lian tak tak emaw, a sen, a sen, a dum, a dum emaw a lang
• Chu blister atang chuan tui rimchhia tak a rawn chhuak a

Nocardiosis lakah engtin nge i inven theih ang?

Hei hi kan pumpelh vek thei lo nain, a hlauhawmna tihtlem nan thil kan tih theih a awm a:

• Lei emaw leivut emaw hmanga hna i thawh chuan (e.g. huan siam, lo neih) chuan kutkawr leh hmai tuamna vuah tur a ni. Hei hi taksa chak lohna nei tan chuan a pawimawh hle.
• A bik takin pawn lama hnathawh hunah vun khuh thei thawmhnaw ha la, hliam emaw hliam emaw a awm loh nan .
• Vunah hliam emaw, hliam inhawng emaw awm apiang chu fai takin vawng la, khuh rawh (damdawi hnawih la, bandage hnawih bawk ang che).
• Kut sil fo la, a bik takin pawn lam atanga lo kal emaw, leia hnathawh hnuah emaw.
• Hliam i neih chuan enkawl nghal mai tur a ni. Sahbawn leh tuiin uluk takin silfai la, khuh rawh. Hliam hi a thuk hle a nih chuan, thisen chhuah a reh loh chuan, emaw, hliam chhungah bawlhhlawh emaw, bawlhhlawh dang emaw a lo awm a, lakchhuah theih loh a nih chuan, doctor lam pan nghal tur a ni.

Transplant damlote tan chuan doctor-te chuan heng natna chi hrang hrang laka invenna atan hian antibiotics an pe hmasa \hin. Hemi chungchang hi i doctor nen sawiho rawh.

A tawp berah chuan hriat reng tur (Take-Home Message) .

Nocardiosis hi bacteria infection a awm lo hle a, mahse a chang chuan thihna thlen thei a ni. He natna laka inven dan tha ber tur hi doctor nen inbiakna neih a pawimawh a, a bik takin immune system chak lo i neih emaw, organ transplant i lak dawn emaw a nih chuan.

Tin, symptoms a lo lang a nih chuan hriat hmasak turin inpeih la, a rang thei ang bera enkawlna zawng rawh. Diagnosis a hma poh leh enkawlna a hlawhtlin theihna a sang zawk. Hlauthawng lo ila, fimkhur ila, hrisel taka awm tum ila!

` Nocardiosis, Bacterial infection, Leia kai natna, Immunology, Vun natna, Lung infection