Engtin nge kan hriat? Beng mak tak mai leh aw zinkawng (Mechanism of Hearing) .

Nitin hla kan ngaithla te, kan thiante nena kan inbiak thu te, sava thawm thlum tak tak te, leh a dangte, kan beng chhunga lut a, kan thluak in a hriatthiam dan te hi i lo ding tawh em? Thil mak tak, thil buaithlak tak a ni tak zet a ni. Magic ang mai a ni! Chuvangin, vawiinah hian kan beng hlu tak takte hnathawh dan kan sawi dawn a, kawng awlsam takin, ṭhian hnena hrilh ang maiin.

Hna lian tak chu organ te tak te, beng an tih chu

Kan beng hi in chhunga pindan ang chiah hian hmunpui pathum-ah then theih a ni. Anni chu:

1. Beng pawn lam

2. Beng lai tak

3. Beng chhung lam

Chûng pêng tin hian hna bik an nei a, chu chu kan thluak lamah aw a kal a ni. Chu chu engtin nge a lo awm ang tih i lo en ang u.

1. Outer Ear: Aw chhuahna kawngkhar

Beng i ngaihtuah hian i rilruah a lo lang hmasa ber chu pawn lama hmuh theih part hi a ni? Chu chu pinna (damdawi lamah `(Pinna)` an tih) kan tih chu a ni. He pinna pianzia hi a chhehvel atanga sound wave lakkhawm a, beng chhunga luhtir turin chiang takin siam a ni. `Satellite Dish` atanga signal lakkhawm ang mai a ni.

Ngaihtuah teh, i ṭhianpa i biak hian i aw ri chu boruakah a kal a, a ngaithlatu leh a khawlkhawmtu beng chu a rawn nam ta a ni.

Chumi hnuah chuan eardrum-in sound wave a khawlkhawmte chu tube ang chi thil te tak te , ear canal . Chu aw chu he tube zawh hian beng lai tak bul tanna thlengin a kal a ni. Ear canal-ah hian sam ang chi te te leh gland te a awm a, chu chuan earwax a siam chhuak thin. Chûngte chuan beng chu vaivut, rulhut te, leh thil dang lakah a venghim a ni.

2. Middle Ear: Aw tih chakna hmun

Auditory tube tawp lamah chuan membrane nalh tak, te tak te a awm a. Kan hriat vek chu eardrum (or `Tympanic Membrane`) a ni. Drum vun ang a ni. Pawn lam atanga sound wave lo chhuakin he beng kawng hi a rawn nam chuan a vibrate tan thin .

Tunah chuan hna tak tak chu a intan ta. He eardrum-ah hian kan taksa ruh te ber pathum a inzawm tlat a ni. An te hle a, mahse hna lian tak an thawk a ni. Heng ruh pathumte hi `(Ossicles)` an ti tlangpui. An hmingte chu:

• Malleus - Hei hi hammer ang a ni a, beng bulah a inbun a ni.
• Incus - Hei hi a laiah ruh a ni a, eardrum leh auricle nena inzawm a ni.
• Stapes - Hei hi taksa ruh te ber a ni. Sakawr kephah ang maia pianzia a ni.

Eardrum a vibrate chuan vibration chu ossicles-ah a kal hmasa a, chutah chuan stapes-ah a kal a, a tawpah chuan auricle-ah a kal leh a ni. Heng ruh pathumte hi an inzawm khawm a, lever system te tak te ang maiin an thawk a, beng atanga vibration lo chhuak chu a tichak zawk a ni .Beng chhung lam ah thawn a ni. He amplification hi a pawimawh hle a, a chhan chu beng chhung lam hi tuiin a khat a ni. Thli hmanga vibration lo thlengte chu fluid hmanga kal chhuah a nih theih nan chuan an chak a ngai a ni.

Beng lai takah hian thil pawimawh tak dang a awm bawk. Chu chu Eustachian Tube a ni . Hei hi kan rilru hnunglam nena inzawm tube te tak te chauh a ni. Tlâng i lawn lai emaw, thlawhnaah i thlawh lai emawa i beng a ri a, chutah rang takin ‘click’ thawm mak tak mai nen i harh chhuak ang tih i hre ngai em? Chu chu chutih lai chuan he Eustachian tube hian a ti thin. Kan hmui kan hawn a, kan ei hian he tube hi a inhawng a, a khar a, chu chuan eardrum sir lehlamah boruak pressure a inang vek a ni. Chu chu eardrum chu zalen tak leh dik taka vibrate theih hun a ni.

3. Inner Ear: Aw chu electrical signal-ah a chantirna hmun

Stapes, beng lai tak tawp lama awm chu beng chhunga organ te tak te, snail shell ang maia lang nen a inzawm a ni. A hming chu cochlea an ti a . A chhungah chuan tui bik leh sam ang chi, sam ang chi, hair cells , sang tam tak a awm a.

Middle ear atanga amplified vibration wave (`Vibrations`) lo chhuak chu cochlea chhunga fluid kal tlangin, chu sam cell te chu a tichak a ni. Tui atanga thlipui a kal lai ang bawkin tui chhunga thing leh mau te chu an che thin. Heng sam cell te hi an che vel hian thil mak tak a thleng thin: chu mechanical vibration (`Mechanical Vibration`) chu electrical signal (`Electrical Signals` emaw `Nerve Impulses`) a lo ni ta a ni!

Cochlea chhunga sam cell te hi a danglam bik hle. Piano-a key ang maiin a sei zawng a inang lo. Key tin hian aw hrang hrang an siam ang bawkin heng sam cell te hian frequency hrang hrangah an sensitive bawk. Chu chu, pawl pakhatin aw ri sang tak (chirping sound ang chi) an chhang a, pawl dangin ri hniam tak tak (drum ri ang chi) an chhang thung tihna a ni. He design hi a mak lo em ni?

Hriatna bakah hian beng chhungril hian kan balance control tu (`Vestibular System`) a nei bawk. Mahse vawiinah hian hearing chungchang kan sawi dawn avangin chu chu nakinah chipchiar takin kan sawi dawn a ni.

Thluak lama aw zinkawng leh a hriatthiamna

Tunah chuan a pawimawh ber a lo thleng ta. Chu sam cell atanga electrical signal siam chu kan thluak ah hian nerve bik `Auditory Nerve` tih hmangin a kal nghal a ni. Thluak hian hriatna atana inhlan bik (`Auditory Cortex`) a nei a.

Thluak hian heng electrical signal lo lutte hi a zirchiang a, ‘Aw, hei hi ka nu aw a ni,’ ‘Hei hi ka hla duh ber a ni,’ ‘Pawnah ui a ri a, thil dik lo a awm em tih ka hre lo’ tih te hi hriatthiam theihna min pe a ni. Ngaihtuah teh, heng zawng zawng hi second tlemte aia rei lovah, hun rei lote chhungin a thleng vek a ni!

Chu mai a ni lo, beng pahnih kan neih avangin thluak hian eng lam atanga ri nge a lo chhuah tih pawh a hre thei bawk. Chu chuan beng pakhatah a ri chu a ri nasa zawk nge a nem zawk tih a tichiang a ni.

Engvângin nge kan ngaihthlâk a pawimawh êm êm?

Hei hi sawi tur mak tak a ni lo.

• Inbiakpawhna: Mi dangte nen kan inbiak a, an thusawi chu ngaithlain kan hrethiam.
• Zirna: Thil thar kan zir dawnin ngaithla hi a pawimawh hle a, sikulah emaw, hnathawhna hmunah emaw pawh nise.
• Enjoyment: Hla mawi tak ngaihthlak hian hlimna a siam a, movie-a dialogue nuam ti takin a awm a, nature ri thlum tak tak (sava ​​hla, waterfalls) ngaihthlak a, i rilru tih hahdam hi ngaihthlak a ni vek.
• Hriselna: Kawngpuiah lirthei rawn hnaih thawm kan hriat hian accident atanga chhanchhuah kan ni a, kan in chhungah kangmei a awm chuan ``Fire Alarm`` ri hian min hriattir thin. Heng zawng zawng atan hian kan beng hrisel taka hnathawh hi a pawimawh hle.

Engtin nge i beng i enkawl ang?

Kan beng hlu tak leh buaithlak tak takte hi kan enkawl a ngai a ni lawm ni? Thil tenawmte kan enkawl chuan rei tak chhung chu kan hriatna tha kan vawng reng thei a ni.

• Thawm ri nasa tak chu pumpelh rawh: Music volume sang taka ngaihthlak emaw, headphone maximum volume-a rei tak ngaihthlak emaw hi a tha lo . Factory emaw, in sakna hmunah emaw, thawm ri nasa tak awmna hmunah i thawk a nih chuan beng venna bun la. A chhan chu rei tak thawm ri nasa tak kan tawh chuan kan sawi tawh sam cell nalh tak takte chu a tichhe thei a, chu chuan hriatna a tichhe vek thei a ni.
• I beng chhungah thil dah suh: I beng tihfai nan thingpui, cotton bud, chabi, pin ang chi thil hriam tak tak dah suh. Chutianga tih chuan earwax chu a luh belh lehzual thei a, beng kawng emaw beng kawng emaw a tichhe thei bawk. Earwax hi a tlangpuiin a mah chauhin a chhuak thin. Harsatna nasa tak i neih emaw, i beng a inkhar ang maia i hriat emaw chuan doctor pan la, thurawn la rawh.
• I beng vawt reng rawh: Mi thenkhat chuan inbual emaw, tui chawi lai emawa an beng chhungah tui a lut chuan natna (e.g., Otitis Externa emaw Swimmer’s Ear) an nei thei. Chutiang mite tan chuan earplugs hman a tha ber. Inbual zawhah beng leh beng vel pawn lam chu zawi zawiin phihfai la, a vawt reng tur a ni.
• Beng natna chungchangah fimkhur rawh: I beng na, i beng atanga tui chhuak, hriatna hloh, i beng a ri reng (`tinnitus`), emaw, luak chhuak emaw i neih chuan ngaihthah suh. Doctor hmu nghal la, enkawl rawh. Middle ear infection thenkhat (`Otitis Media`) hi enkawl that loh chuan a na thei hle.
• Damdawi lam enfiahna dik: Damdawi lam harsatna thenkhat Diabetes Mellitus leh Hypertension te hian hriatna a tichhe thei a ni. Tin, damdawi thenkhat (Ototoxic drugs) hian beng tan a tichhe thei bawk. Chuvangin, chutiang damdawi lam dinhmun i neih chuan thununna mumal tak nei la, i doctor thupek zawm rawh.

A tawi zawngin (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, chuti a nih chuan vawiinah hian kan sawi tam tawh a ni lawm ni? A awlsam zawngin kan beng hi taksa peng hrang hrang, thil buaithlak tak leh mak tak maia hnathawk thei tak a ni.

Sound wave hi beng pawn lam atanga khawlkhawm a ni a, beng lai tak hian a tichak a, beng chhung lam ah electrical signal ah a chantir a, auditory nerve hmangin thluak ah a thawn chhuak thin. Hei hi khawvela aw hrang hrang kan hriat chian dan, kan hlim dan leh kan hriatthiam dan a ni.

Tunah chuan he theihna mak tak hi kan nunah a hlutzia i hrethiam tawh mai thei. Chuvangin i beng hi enkawl la, venghim rawh. A chhan chu, nun hrisel, hlim tak nei tur chuan hriatna tha hi a pawimawh hle a ni. Hemi chungchangah hian zawhna dang i neih chuan doctor biak pawh hlau ngai suh.

Beng, Hriatna, Hriatna Mechanism