Bladder cancer i vei tih hmuhchhuah a nih chuan hlauhna leh lungkhamna nasa tak i neih hi thil pangngai a ni. Mahse, tunah chuan hei hi enkawlna tha tak tak a awm tawh tih hre reng ang che. He thuziakah hian chutiang enkawlna kawng hrang hrangte chu kan sawi dawn a ni. I doctor chuan eng damdawi nge i tana tha ber tih ngaihtuah turin a pui ngei ang che.
I tana enkawlna tha ber thlan chu thil engemaw zatah a innghat a , chung zingah chuan i kum, cancer hi eng chen nge a darh tawh (hei hi doctor-te'n cancer "stage" an tih chu a ni), leh hriselna lama harsatna dang i neih te pawh a tel
Cancer natna darh zel hriat theih dan
A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, cancer a darh dan hi chi thum ah then theih a ni:
- Superficial cancer: Hei hian cancer chu i bladder wall-a muscle layer-ah a darh lo tihna a ni. Chumi awmzia chu a chunglam layer-ah chauh a awm tihna a ni.
- Muscle-invasive cancer: Hetah hian cancer cell te chu bladder muscle layer ah an darh ta a ni.
- Advanced emaw Metastatic emaw: Hei hi cancer chu bladder piah lamah, a bul hnaia lymph node-ah emaw, taksa peng dang, lung ang chiah emaw-ah a darh tawhna advanced stage a ni.
Bladder cancer vei tam zawk chuan operation an mamawh a ni. Mahse a chang chuan surgery ringawt pawh hian natna chu a ti bo vek thei lo mai thei. Chutiang a nih chuan, operation rualin emaw, operation aiah emaw chuan enkawlna dang hman theih a ni. Entirnan , chemotherapy, radiation, leh immunotherapy te hman a ni.
TURBT surgery a ni
Bladder cancer hmasa ber atana surgery neih tam ber chu transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) an ti a. Hei hi a hming kimchang chu Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor tih a ni. Hetiang procedure-ah hian doctor-te chuan i bladder chhung atangin tissue sample an la a, cancer a awm leh awm loh leh a darh tawh leh awm loh an enfiah thin. A nih loh leh, he procedure hi hmangin tumor chu an paih chhuak thei bawk.
He surgery hma hian thisen test leh chest X-ray i nei thei a, chutiang tur chuan i hriselna a tha em tih i enfiah thei bawk. Mahse, he surgery neih chhung hian , i vunah hian cut a awm lo. Doctor chuan i bladder-ah i urethra hmangin a lut a, chu chu zun chhuahna tube a ni.
Operation hmain general anesthesia emaw, i muthilh vek theihna tur emaw, i taksa hnuai lam chauh ti na thei regional anesthesia emaw pek i ni ang.
Chumi hnuah chuan doctor chuan hmanraw bik cystoscope an tih chu a hmang ta a ni. Hei hi tube te tak te, sei tak, flexible tak a ni. A tawp lamah chuan camera, light leh hmanraw te tak te, cancer chu a tikehsawm thei a, a paih chhuak thei bawk. Hei hi urethra kaltlangin bladder chhungah a lut a, camera hmangin bladder chhung lam a en thin. Chutiang chuan cancer emaw tissue emaw chu lakchhuah a ni a, thisen chhuah tihtawp nan lumna hnawih a ni.
Hetianga tissue sample lakchhuah te hi lab-ah thawn a ni a, microscope hmangin cancer cell a awm em tih enfiah a ni.
Operation hnuah i bladder-ah catheter an tih tube dah a ni ang. Hei hian zun chu bag-ah a luang lut ang. Hei hi ni engemaw zat chu a hmunah i dah reng a ngai mai thei. Hei hi anesthesia a reh hnuah a nuam lo deuh thei. Mipa hian a chang chuan an zang tip lamah natna an nei thei. Chutiang a nih chuan i doctor emaw nurse emaw hrilh rawh. Numbing gel hmangin a pui thei bawk.
Mi tam zawk chu operation ni khatah an haw leh thin. Mahse, tumor a lian a nih chuan damdawi inah zan khat riah a ngai mai thei. Operation hnu ni thum vel chhung chu i zun-ah thisen engemaw zat i hmu thei. Ni khatah tui glass 8-10 tal in la, i bladder chu a chhuak thei ang. Hei hian hri kai venna kawngah a pui thei bawk.
Cystectomy operation tih a ni
He surgery neih chhung hian doctor chuan i bladder thenkhat (`Partial Cystectomy`) emaw, i bladder pumpui (`Radical Cystectomy`) emaw a la chhuak thin.
- Partial Cystectomy: He surgery hi cancer hi bladder muscle layer-ah a darh tawh a, mahse a la tlem a nih chuan tih theih a ni.
- Radical Cystectomy: Cancer hi a lian emaw, bladder hmun engemaw zatah a darh tawh emaw a nih chuan doctor chuan bladder pumpui leh a chhehvel lymph node te chu a la chhuak vek ang. Cancer hi a darh lehzual a nih chuan a chhehvela reproductive organs te pawh lakchhuah theih a ni.
- Hmeichhiaah chuan: uterus, cervix, vagina thenkhat, ovaries, leh fallopian tubes te chu lakchhuah theih a ni.
- Mipaah: Prostate gland leh seminal vesicles te chu lakchhuah theih a ni.
He surgery atan hian anesthetized i ni dawn a, chuvangin natna engmah i nei lovang. Operation hnuah kar khat vel damdawi inah i awm ang. Kar tlemte hnuah nun pangngaiah i kir leh thei tawh ang.
Enkawlna bulpui dangte
Surgery bakah hian enkawlna dang pawimawh tak tak leh hlawhtling tak tak engemaw zat a awm bawk.
| Enkawl dan tur | A awlsam zawngin... |
|---|---|
| BCG enkawlna a ni | Hei hi immunotherapy chi khat a ni bawk. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) (TB natna thlentu, mahse natna thlen lo bacteria chi khat) awmna tui chu catheter hmangin bladder-ah an inject a. Hei hian taksaa immune cells te chu bladder ah a lut a, cancer cells te chu a do tan tir thin. |
| Intravesical chemotherapy hmanga enkawl a ni | Chemotherapy hi cancer cells that nan catheter hmangin bladder chhungah direct-in pek a ni. Hei hi BCG enkawlna a hlawhtlin loh chuan hman a ni. |
| Systemic Chemotherapy hmanga enkawlna a ni | Hengte hi damdawi vein (IV) hmanga pek emaw, pill anga pek te a ni. Taksa pumpuiah thisen kal tlangin an kal a, cancer cells, bladder piah lama darh tawhte chu an that thin. Treatment cycle engemaw zatah pek an ni. |
| Radiation hmanga enkawlna a ni | He enkawlna hian chakna sang tak nei, X-ray chak tak ang chi hmangin cancer cell te chu a tichhia a ni. A hrehawm lo. Kar engemaw zat a la ngai thei a, kar khatah ni 5 vel a ni thei. |
| Chemoradiotherapy hmanga enkawl a ni | Bladder lakchhuahna tur operation neih loh nan chemotherapy leh radiation therapy pahnih hi pek dun a ni. |
Enkawlna thar ber ber leh hmasawn ber berte
Medical science hmasawnna avang hian bladder cancer enkawlna tur tunlai zawk a lo chhuak ta a ni.
Immunotherapy hmanga enkawl a ni
Hei hian a tih theih chu nangmah ngeiin i taksa hriselna (immune system) hmanga cancer beih hi a ni. Kan immune cell te hian ‘checkpoint’ an nei ang maiin han ngaihtuah teh. Heng hmunte hi cell pangngai leh kan beih ngai hmelma te hriatchhuahna atana min puitu a ni. Cancer cell te hi an fing hle a, heng checkpoint te hi an inzawm khawm a, immune system te chu ‘I ta zinga mi ka ni a, min bei suh’ tiin an bum thin. Chuvangin heng ``Checkpoint Inhibitor`` damdawi te hian an tih chu chu bumna chu tihtawp hi a ni. Tichuan immune system chuan cancer cells te chu a hre thei a, a bei thei bawk. Entirna thenkhat chu damdawi ``Atezolizumab``, ``Nivolumab``, ``Pembrolizumab`` te hi a ni.
Targeted Therapy hmanga tih a ni
Hei hian cancer cell-ah chauh hmuh theih genetic changes (gene changes) bik target tu damdawi pek a huam a ni. Hei hian cell hriselte a tichhe tlem zawk a ni. Entirna atan damdawi chi khat FGFR inhibitors an tih hi a ni.
Gene Therapy hmanga enkawl a ni
Hei hi gene technology hmanga enkawlna thar a ni. BCG enkawlna hlawhtling lo damlo thenkhat tan pawh rawt theih a ni. Damdawi `Nadofaragene firadenovec (Adstiladrin)` ang chi hian cancer dotu gene direct-a bladder-ah dahin taksa immune system a tichak a ni.
Pawimawh: Hêng enkawlna zawng zawng, a ṭhatna, a ṭhat lohna, leh a nghawng ṭha lote, i doctor nêna inhawng taka sawiho chu i tâna ṭha ber tûr rêl tûrin a pawimawh hle.
Clinical trial chungchang pawh kan zir dawn em ni?
Scientist leh doctor-te chuan bladder cancer damdawi thar, hlawk zawk leh enkawlna tur an zirchiang reng a. Heng enkawlna tharte hi damlote hnena pek a nih hmain a him leh him loh enfiah hmasak a ngai a ni. Hetiang zirchianna hi clinical trial an ti a.
Damlo thenkhat chuan inrawlh an hlau a, enkawlna engmah an dawng dawn lo tih an ngaihtuah a. Mahse a nihna takah chuan clinical trial-ah chuan damlo chuan standard treatment tha ber, a nih loh leh nakin lawka awm thei tur treatment tha zawk a dawng a ni. Hei chauh hi enkawlna thar chu enkawlna awmsa aiin a tha zawk em tih hriat theihna awmchhun a ni.
"I oncologist hnenah clinical trial neih theihna tur zawt fo ang che," tiin expert chuan a fuih. "Chu chu enkawlna thar ber ber hriat theihna kawng tha ber a ni."
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- Bladder cancer i vei tih hmuhchhuah a nih chuan hlauthawng suh la, i doctor nen thawk hovin i tan a tha ber tur treatment option zawng rawh.
- Enkawl dan chu i kum, cancer stage (eng chen nge a darh tawh), leh i hriselna zawng zawngah a innghat a ni.
- Cancer hmasa ber enkawlna atana hman tlanglawn ber chu TURBT surgery a ni.
- Chu bakah, enkawlna hlawhtling dang tam tak a awm a, chungte chu cystectomy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, leh gene therapy te hi a ni.
- I doctor hnenah enkawlna thar ber ber leh clinical trial chungchang zawt hreh suh.
💬 Comments (0)
Comment a la awm lo. Hetah hian i comment hi a vawikhatna atan add rawh.
I comment kha add rawh