I mit a fiah lo chho zel em? I mit hmaah hian hmun dum i hmu em? Wet Macular Degeneration a ni thei!

I kum upat deuh deuh hian i mitmeng pawh a danglam deuh niin i hria em? A châng chuan Lehkhabu emaw, chanchinbu emaw i en hian lehkhathawn fiah lo ang maiin i inhria em, a nih loh leh thil hnai tak aṭanga i hmuh ang maiin i inhria em? Hengte hi kum upat deuh deuha thil thleng pangngai ni mah se, a châng chuan hei hi tlem tal ngaihtuah nawn ngai thil a ni thei. Awle, hei hi mit chhunga thil pawi tak, wet macular degeneration, emaw `(Wet Macular Degeneration - WMD)` an tih a ni. Hemi chungchang hi vawiinah hian chipchiar zawkin han sawi ila.

Wet Macular Degeneration hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin, wet macular degeneration hi Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) natna khirh zawk, hmasawn zawk a ni a, chu chu kan tar chhoh zel chuan kan mit a nghawng thin. Tunah chuan ARMD hi eng nge a nih i ngaihtuah mai thei. Macula , mit peng pakhat, kan upat deuh deuha chiang taka kan hmuh theihna tura min puitu (macula) tihchhiatna thlentu dinhmun a ni.

Chuvangin, he natna hi a nasat chuan, chu chu wet macular degeneration (WMD) a lo awm chuan mit chhunga retina an tih membrane hnuaiah thisen kalna kawng thar, mahse hrisel lo, chak lo tak tak a lo piang tan ta a ni. Heng thisen kalna kawng tharte hi an chak lo hle a, thisen leh tui an leak tan thin. He thisen leh tui leak hian retina chhunga cell te a tichhe thei a, kan mit hmuhna a tichhe thei a, a bik takin central vision . A dik tak chuan hei hi hmalam i thlir dik chuan i hmu thin.

Ngaihtuah teh, mi hmel i en hian a hmai lai tak chu a fiah lo va, a chhehvel thilte pawh i hmu thei lo. Chu chu he thubuaiah hian a thleng thin.

He thisen chhuahna hian scar tissue a siam thei bawk. Hei hian macula a tichhe zual thei a, mit a tichhe zual thei bawk. Hun a kal zel a, he thisen chhuahna leh scar tissue hian mit hmuhna a tichhe vek thei a ni. Mahse, hriat chhuah leh enkawl hmasak a nih chuan , he chhiatna nghet tak hi ven theih a ni a, a nih loh leh mit hmuhna a nasat loh nan tihtawp theih a ni bawk. Chuvangin, i mit hmuh danah danglamna i hmu a nih chuan a rang thei ang bera mit lam doctor (ophthalmologist) pan a pawimawh hle.

He natna atana doctor-te’n hming an hman dangte chu ``exudative macular degeneration'' leh ``neovascular macular degeneration tih te hi a ni. ``Exudate'' tih hi damdawi lama "leaking fluid" tihna a ni. Chuta tang chuan a hming hi a lo chhuak ta a ni.

He natna hi engtiang chiahin nge a hluar?

Kan tar chhoh zel chuan `(ARMD)` vei theihna a sang chho zel a. Dik tak chuan kum 60 chunglam mitdelna thlentu ber a ni a, `(ARMD)` vei zinga 10% atanga 20% velin wet form `(WMD) an nei tihna a ni.` Chu chu khawvel pumah mi maktaduai 10 atanga 20 inkar velin he natna hi an vei tihna a ni.

Wet macular degeneration natna lan chhuah dan chu engte nge ni?

He `(WMD)` dinhmun hian central vision natna nei lovin a tichhe thin.Mit pahnih hi a nghawng thei a, mahse a chang chuan mit pakhat hi a nghawng tam zawk a, a dang a nghawng tlem zawk bawk.

A lan chhuah dan tlangpui thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Mit hmaa hmun dum emaw floater emaw hmuh .
• Blurry vision , a bik takin hnai taka en chuan.
• Fading emaw, colour vision tlahniam emaw . Blue leh yellow i thliar hrang thei lo mai thei.
• Mit hmuh dan dik lo / metamorphopsia . Entirnan, window pakhata bar-te chu a inzawm khawm angin a lang thei.
• Thil awm dan tak tak aia te zawk hmuh (micropsia) .
• Mit hmuhna hmun thim tak tak .
• Mitdelna hmun / scotomas .
• Central vision hloh vek, peripheral vision chauh a la awm .

Heng symptoms pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw i neih chuan mit lam doctor pan nghal ngei ang che.

Wet macular degeneration awm chhan hi engte nge ni?

He natna thlentu pakhat, ``(WMD) tih hi hriat chian a harsa hle.`` Chu ai chuan risk factor tam tak an inzawm khawm chuan he natna vei theihna a tipung zawk a ni.

Chutiang risk factor leh contributing factor thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Kum : I upat deuh deuh chuan macular degeneration chi hrang hrang i nei tam zawk thin.
• Genetic influence leh chhungkaw chanchin : I nu leh pate hnen atanga i rochun genes (DNA)-a inthlak danglamna (mutations) thenkhat chuan WMD vei theihna a tipung thei a ni. I chhungkuaa tu emaw chuan he natna hi a lo vei tawh a nih chuan i vei a rinawm zawk.
• Hnam : European hnam chhuakte hi an vei theihna (WMD) hlauhawmna ber an ni. African hnam chhuakte hian an vei tlem hle.
• Nutrition : Vitamin thenkhat (a bik takin vitamin C leh E) , minerals ( copper leh zinc ), leh vitamin A components emaw a kaihhnawih nutrients (beta-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin) tlakchhamna hian WMD a thlen thei a ni.
• Geographic location : Equator hnaih zawka i awm chuan overall light exposure i nei tam zawk. Hei hi a thawhhlawk thei bawk.
• Thiltih \henkhat : Zuk leh hmuam hman hian (WMD) a lo awm thei a ni.
• Hriselna dang : Cholesterol sang (hypercholesterolemia), thisen sang (hypertension), leh rilru lam natna (cardiovascular disease) te hian WMD a thlen thei a ni. Zunthlum (Diabetes Mellitus - Type 1 leh Type 2) pawhin a thawh ve em tih chungchangah hian evidence hrang hrang a la awm.

He natna hian eng harsatna nge a thlen?

Wet macular degeneration avanga harsatna lian ber chu central vision hloh hi a ni.Enkawl loh a nih chuan WMD vei zinga 80% leh 90% inkar chuan a tawpah chuan dan anga mitdel anga ngaih theih khawpin an mit an hloh ang. Chu chu, an mit a chhe lutuk a, nitin hna an thawk thei lo tihna a ni.

Engtin nge wet macular degeneration hi kan hriat theih ang?

Mit lam specialist, entirnan mit lam doctor emaw retina specialist emaw chuan WMD hi kawng hrang hrang hmangin a enfiah thei a ni.

A hmasa ber chu mit enfiah dan pangngai ( routine eye exam ) a ni . Hemi chhung hian i retina chu direct-in an en thei a ni. Hei hi kut zungtang hmanga tih theih a ni a , chu chu mit hmuhna ( ophthalmoscope ) tih a ni a , i mitmeng chu dilate a , slit lamp exam hmangin i ti thei bawk . Grid awlsam tak Amsler grid eye test an tih pawh an hmang thei bawk . Hei hian i mit hmuhna a tihdanglam (distortion i retina avanga grid chu a inzawm khawm angin a lang) hriat theih nan a pui thei che a ni.

Mit enfiah leh slit lamp enfiah bakah hian mit lam doctor chuan noninvasive diagnostic imaging test a ti thei bawk. Chungte chuan i mit hnung lama internal structure leh thisen kalna kawngte chu a en thei a ni. Test tih theih thenkhat chu:

• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) : Hei hi mit chhung lam cross-sectional images lakna scan ang a ni.
• Fluorescein angiography : Hei hi i kut vein pakhatah dye inject a, i mit chhunga thisen kalna kawng a kal lai thlalak lak a ni.
• Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) : Hei hi test a ni a, dye chi dang, a hmaa mi ang chiah kha hman a ni.

Hei hi engtin nge enkawl a nih?

Wet macular degeneration hi a hmaa hmuhchhuah a nih chuan enkawl theih sang tak a ni . WMD enkawl dan tlangpui pahnih a awm a, chungte chu damdawi leh laser hmanga tih dan .

Damdawi hian kan taksain thisen kalna kawng thar siamna atana a hman Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) tih protein chu a block a ni. VEGF a block chuan thisen kalna kawng thar a lo piang tawh lo. Heng damdawi te hi i mit ah direct injection hmanga pek thin a ni . Hlau suh, i mit chhungah inject a ni an ti a nih pawhin, i mit i hriat loh khawpa i mit i tiharh avanga tih a ni.

VEGF block thei damdawi chi thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• `Aflibercept` tih a ni
• `Bevacizumab` tih a ni
• `Brolucizumab` tih a ni
• `Faricimab` tih a ni
• `Ranibizumab` tih a ni

WMD laser hmanga enkawlna tum ber chu thisen kalna kawng thar lo thang lian zel tihtawp a, a theih chuan tihtlem a ni. Laser surgery i tih theih leh theih loh chu i macula hnuaia thisen kalna thar awmna hmun leh thil dang engemaw zatah a innghat a ni. Mahse, tunah chuan laser hmanga enkawlna aiin injection hi a tam zawk.

I mit specialist chuan i enkawl dan tur a hrilhfiah thei ber ang. An thu hriatte hi i dinhmun bik atan chuan a inmil ber a, a \angkai ber bawk. Tin, side effect emaw complication awm thei te leh eng treatment nge a puih ber ang che tih te pawh an hrilh bawk ang che.

Wet macular degeneration awm dan tur chu eng nge ni?

Condition `(WMD)`, chu chu engtiang chiahin nge a dam leh ang tih emaw, a mit hmuh dan tur emaw thlirna chu thil engemaw zatah a innghat a ni. Chungte chu:

• I `(WMD)` dinhmun hi engtiang chiahin nge a chhe.
• I macula-ah khawiah nge chhiatna chu a awm?
• Treatment options i hmuh theih, emaw i dawng tawh emaw.
• Hriselna dang i neih te.

Thil tam takin i mit hmuhna a nghawng avângin, i thlîr dân chu a inang lo thei hle. I mit specialist chuan i dinhmun bik a zirin i outlook chu eng nge ni ang tih a hrilh thei che a ni.

Wet macular degeneration hi a veng thei ang em?

`(WMD)` lo awm chhan leh risk factor tam tak a awm avangin, a taka ven theih a ni lo. Mahse, i vei theihna tur tihziaawmna tur emaw, a lo thanlenna tihkhawtlai nan emaw thil i tih theih a awm.

AMD venna emaw tihkhawtlai emaw atana i tih theih pawimawh ber ber thenkhat chu dry macular degeneration i neih atanga tan a ni a, chu chu AMD natna khirh lo zawk a ni. I mit doctor-in a rawt theih tur step thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Nitin Amsler grid hmang thin ang che . I mit doctor chuan in lama hman tur Amsler grid a pe thei che a, hman dan tur a kawhhmuh thei bawk. I mit hmuh danah danglamna emaw, tihdanglam emaw i hmuh chuan a rang thei ang bera mit doctor i pan tur a ni. Chutianga tih chuan retinal damage leh mit hmuhna hloh theihna a ti tlem thei a ni.
• Mit enfiah fo turin mit doctor tlawh thin ang che . Hei hian WMD hi a tir lamah a hriat theih nan a pui thei a ni.
• Nitin dietary supplement ei thin ang che . Hengte hian vitamin C, vitamin E, copper, zinc, lutein, zeaxanthin, leh beta-carotene te an pai tlangpui. (I zuk chuan beta-carotene ei suh, lung cancer vei theihna a tipung a ni.)
• Zuk leh hmuam hman kha bansan la, a nih loh leh hman tan suh . Hei hian zuk leh hmuam/nicotine hman chi hrang hrang a huam a, vaping leh smokeless tobacco te pawh a huam tel bawk. I doctor chuan i chawlhsan theihna tur resources te a hrilh thei che a ni.
• Sunglass vuah tur a ni. Ni chhuahna hian macular degeneration (MWD) vei theihna a tipung thei a ni. Sunglasses hian ni eng hian i mit a nghawng dan a tiziaawm thei a ni.
• Active takin awm rawh . Taksa tihchak hian kawng tam takah i hriselna a pui a, i mit (retina) hriselna pawh a pui bawk.
• I taksa rihna hrisel tak vawng reng rawh . I vei theihna (WMD) tipungtu thil tam tak chu i taksa hriselna zawng zawng nen a inzawm a ni.

WMD avanga mit hloh lo tura pui turin thil dang i tih theih a awm bawk. I tih theih tur chungchanga zawhna emaw, ngaihtuahna emaw i neih chuan mit doctor zawt rawh. Ani chuan kaihhruaina leh ṭanpui thei thilte a pe thei che a ni.

Wet macular degeneration ka neih chuan engtin nge ka in enkawl ang?

(WMD) avanga i mit i hmuh loh tan chuan a tibuai hle thei. Mahni chauha i nun theihna leh i nitin nunphung leh thiltih pangngai a nghawng thei a ni.

`(WMD)` avanga mit i hloh tawh a nih chuan tanpui theih tur thil a la awm. Chungte chu:

• I mit doctor hnenah low vision rehabilitation chungchang zawt rawh . Hei hi physical emaw occupational therapy ang mai a ni a, mahse i mit tan chuan. Hetiang rehabilitation hian i vision-a inthlak danglamna i neih tawhte chu insiamrem leh hnathawh dan tur a zirtir che a ni.
• Hmanraw leh technology hmang rawh . Magnifying glass emaw lens emaw ang chi low-tech thilte hian nitin hnathawh leh thiltih a ti awlsam thei a ni. Smartphone apps emaw special electronic devices ang chi high-tech thil te pawh hian i mit hmuhna hloh emaw, inthlak danglamna emaw nena inmil turin a pui thei bawk. I mit doctor chuan eng hmanrua (high-tech emaw low-tech emaw) nge i tana \angkai thei ang tih chungchangah thurawn leh thu chiang tak a pe thei che a ni.
• I hman theih tur resources leh tanpuina te chu hmang tangkai rawh . I awmna hmun azirin i nitin mamawhna atana pui thei tur sorkar leh independent pawl an awm thei. An hman hian mahni inrintawkna neiin i nun a ti awlsam thei a, i nun a ti awlsam thei bawk.

Engtikah nge ka mit lam doctor ka hmuh ang?

I mit doctor chuan i WMD dinhmun enkawl turin follow-up visit schedule a rawt ang a, a tul chuan i enkawlna pawh a siamrem ang. Heng tlawhnate hi mitdelna tihtlem nan a pawimawh hle.

Tin, i mit hmuhnaah inthlak danglamna i hmuh chuan, entirnan, Amsler grid hmanga i mit i test huna distortion lo langte chu i mit specialist i biak nghal tur a ni

Ka mit lam doctor hnenah eng zawhna nge ka zawh ang?

I mit lam doctor zawh duh zawhna thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Ka `(WMD)` dinhmun hi engtiang chiahin nge a chhe?
• Mit hmuh loh hun chhung chu eng nge ni a, chhiatna tihtlem emaw tihtlem emaw turin eng nge ka tih theih ang?
• Macula-a inthlak danglamna awmna hmun hian enkawlna awm thei emaw, chutiang enkawlna hlawhtlinna chance emaw a nghawng em?
• Engtin nge chhiatna dang ka tihtlem theih ang?
• Eng resources leh tanpuina nge ka hmuh theih ang?
• Vision rehabilitation therapy hi ka hlawkpui dawn em?

Vision hi mi tam takin an nitin nun chhung zawnga an hman thin sense a ni a, a tam zawkah chuan ngaihtuah pawh ngaihtuah lovin an hmang thin. I mit hmuhna hloh chu thil lungchhiatthlak leh lungchhiatthlak tak a ni thei. Mahse, chhiatna tihtlem nan te, mit hmuhna hloh belh zel tur venna tur te, leh inthlak danglamna lo thleng tawhte nena inmil tura insiamrem theihna tur thil i tih theih a awm.

He natna chungchanga i tih theih dan tur hriat dan tha ber chu mit doctor nen inbiakna neih hi a ni. I tanpui thei tur step leh inthlak danglamnaah a kaihruai ang che. He dinhmun emaw a nghawng emaw chauh hi i hmachhawn a ngai lo, anmahni pui turin an awm reng a ni.

Hriat reng tur pawimawh ber berte (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, chuvangin kan sawi tawh atang hian i hriat reng tur pawimawh tak tak thenkhat chu khaikhawm ila:

• Wet macular degeneration (WMD) hi kum upat avanga mit natna (ARMD) natna khirh tak a ni. Mit chhungah thisen kalna kawng thar chak lo tak tak a lo awm a, chu chuan thisen a leak thei a, central vision a hloh phah thei a ni.
• A lan chhuah dan chu mit hmaah hmun dum, mit hmuh fiah lo, mit hmuh fiah lo te a ni thei. Heng symptoms te hi i neih chuan doctor pan nghal tur a ni.
• Hei hi hriat hmasak a nih chuan enkawl theih a ni . Mit damdawi te, injection te, laser hmanga enkawlna te a awm bawk.
• There are things you can try to prevent , chu chu ei leh in tha ei te, meizuk loh te, sunglass vuah te, leh mit enfiah fo te hi a ni.
• Hetiang dinhmun hi i neih chuan mit doctor nena inbiak reng a , an thurawn zawm a pawimawh hle. Tin, mitdelna neia nunpui thei tur method leh device te pawh a awm bawk.

Chuvangin, i mit enkawl chu i kutah a awm a ni. Ringhlelna leh harsatna i neih chuan damdawi lam thurawn la hreh suh.

` Macular degeneration, wet macular degeneration, WMD, ARMD, mit hmuhna, mit natna, macula