Kan nunah harsatna leh buaina chi hrang hrang kan tawk vek a ni lawm ni? A châng chuan heng harsatnate hi kan ngaihtuah ngai loh zawngin kan chingfel thei ṭhin. Chumi atan chuan scientific method hi hmanraw pawimawh tak, systematic tak a ni. A hming hi thil lian tak, buaithlak tak angin ri mah se, hei hi kan nitin nunah kan hriat loh pawha kan hman thin thil a ni. Chuvangin, vawiin hian he thu hi tlem han sawi ila.
Scientific Method hi eng nge ni tak tak?
A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, scientific method hi kan chhehvela thil kan hmuhte chhui chian a, chutiang chungchanga zawhna chhanna kan hmuhna atana kan hman dan tur ruahmanna felfai tak, mumal tak a ni. Hei hi a chang chuan ‘hypothetico-deductive method’ an ti a, mahse chu hming chuan bum che suh.
Hetiang hmanrua kan hman huna kan thil tum ber chu:
- Kan thil hmuh chungchanga zawhna zawh leh a chhan leh a rah chhuah inzawmna zawng chhuah tum .
- Kan thil hmuhchhuah chungchangah hian a theih ang anga finfiahna khawlkhawm . He finfiahna hian kan zawhna chhânna hmu tûrin min ṭanpui ang.
- A tawp berah chuan heng evidence kan khawlkhawm zawng zawng hi kan dah khawm a, kan zawhna chhanna dik tak kan siam thei ang em tih kan en a ni.
Philosopher Francis Bacon leh Rene Descartes te chu kum zabi 16 leh 17-naah he method hi formalise-a siamtu an ni. Anni chuan zirchianna chu ngaihdan siam lawk a\anga kalpui ni lovin, thil dik tak dik tak (logically examining) hmanga tih tur a ni, tiin an sawi.
Scientific method hmanga step te chu engte nge ni?
Scientific method hi harsatna sutkian dan step by step a ni. Hemi kawngah hian kan zawm tur pawimawh tak tak a awm. Hriatthiam awlsam takin han thlir ila.
| Step hrang hrang | A awlsam zawngin... |
|---|---|
| 1. Enfiahna | I chhehvel khawvel ngaihven. Hetah hian i tan harsatna a lo chhuak thin. I rilruah harsatna i nei tawh maithei. Chumi chungchâng lehkhabu tam zâwk i chhiar a ngai a, mi dangte i zawt a, hriatna i neih a ngai bawk. |
| 2. Zawhna zawh | I thil hmuh chungchangah zawhna zawh, "Engvangin nge hetiang hi a lo awm?" "Engtin nge he thil hi a lo thlen?" He zawhna hi a chiang hle a ngai a ni. Tin, experiment-a i thlak danglam theih tur (variable) leh i teh theih tur thil i neih a ngai bawk. |
| 3. Hypothesis siam | I zawhna chhangtu educated guess , "Hei hi hetiang thil hi a thlen chhan pawh a ni mai thei." Hei hi hypothesis kan ti a. Hypothesis tha tak chu a dik lo a nih chuan a dik lo tih finfiah theih a ni. |
| 4. Checking tih a ni | I hypothesis dik leh dik loh test nan. A chang chuan test theih loh chuan enfiah leh data khawlkhawm a ngai thin. Experiment pakhat result hi thil thleng mai mai a nih theih avangin vawi tam tak test a tha zawk . |
| 5. Thutlukna siam | Experiment atanga data te thlirlet a, i hypothesis dik leh dik loh thutlukna siam. I hypothesis dik lo a nih chuan hypothesis thar siam nan i hmang thei ang. |
| 6. Results insem darh | Scientific research hi mahni chauha tih tur a ni lo. I thil hmuhchhuahte chu midangte hnena i sawi chhuah a ngai a ni. Chu chu scientific journal-a chhuah emaw, conference-a present emaw hmangin i ti thei ang. Tichuan, i ngaihtuahnaah tlin lohna a awm chuan midangte hnenah i kawhhmuh thei ang. |
Nitin nun atanga entawn tur kan en dawn em ni?
Zing lama chhang toast turin toaster-ah chhangphut slice pahnih i dah a, button i hmet a, mahse engmah a thleng lo ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. Toaster chuan hna a thawk lo! Tunah chuan scientific method hmangin he harsatna hi chingfel ila.
- Observation: Ka toaster hian hna a thawk lo.
- Zawhna: Engvangin nge he toaster hian hna a thawh loh?
- Hypothesis: Toaster ka plug na power outlet ah hian thil dik lo a awm mai thei.
- Prediction: Chuvangin, plug point dang i plug chuan toaster hian hna a thawk tur a ni.
- Test: Toaster chu i unplug a, kitchen chhunga plug point dang ah i plug a.
- Thutawp: Chu plug point-a i plug lai khan toaster chu a thawk ta ang u. Tichuan i hypothesis chu a support ta a ni . Chu chu a dik theihna chance tha tak a awm tihna a ni. Mahse toaster chu a la thawk lo a nih chuan i hypothesis chu a dik lo tihna a ni .
- Next step: Toaster hian hna a thawk lo a nih chuan hypothesis thar i siam chhuah a ngai a ni. Entirnan, "Toaster wiring-ah hian thil dik lo a awm mai thei." Tichuan technician hnenah i check tir thei ang.
- Results insem: Hetiang thil tenau tak hi research paper ziah a ngai lo a nih pawhin, i chhungte hnenah, "Chu plug point chu a thawk lo, engmah plug suh," tiin i hrilh thei ang. Chu pawh chu hriatna insemna a ni.
Hmu? Science hi lab-ah chauh a innghat lo. Harsatna kan chinfel dan a ni.
Engvangin nge scientific method hi kan tan a pawimawh?
Scientific method hi hmanraw tangkai tak a ni a, ngaihtuahna fim tak leh engtik lai pawha evidence hmanga harsatna kan chinfel theih nan min pui thin. Hei hi engvangin nge a pawimawh tih i lo en ang u.
1. Harsatnate chu ruahmanna felfai taka chinfelna kawngah a pui: Hetiang hmanrua hian ruahmanna felfai taka ngaihtuah turin min pui thin. Buaina kan tihbuai hian he systematic approach hian khawiah nge kan kal sual tih hriatchhuah nan min pui thin.
2. Mimal bias a tihziaawm: Kan ngaihdan chu a dik tih ngaihtuah hi kan duh vek. Hei hi bias an ti a. Scientific method-ah pawh mi dangte thil hmuhte kan en a, kan thil hmuhte chu midangte kan hrilh a, zawhna zawh turin kan phalsak bawk. Chuvângin, hei hian kan mi mal ngaih dân chauh ni lovin, zau taka ngaihtuah tûrin min ṭanpui a ni .
3. Critical Thinking a tipung: Zawhna zawh te, finfiahna zawng te, leh ngaihtuahna fim tak hmanga ngaihtuahna kan hman hian kan ngaihtuahna fim tak (critical thinking skills) a lo thang lian thin. Hei hi nitin nunah thutlukna siamna atan pawh a pawimawh hle.
4. Hriatna thar siam a ni: Damdawi thar, technology thar, leh thil dang dang khawvelah hian he scientific method hmanga zirchianna an neih vang a ni. Ngaihtuahna dik lo a\ang pawhin thil thar kan zir chhuak \hin.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- Scientific Method hi harsatna chinfel dan tur ruahmanna felfai tak, step by step a siam a ni.
- Hei hi lab-ah chauh a ni lo va, kan nitin nunah harsatna chinfelna atana hmanraw chak tak a ni.
- A hmalakna ber chu: (1) enfiah, (2) zawhna zawh, (3) hypothesis siam, (4) test, (5) thutlukna siam, leh (6) a result insem te hi a ni.
- Hetiang hmanrua hian ngaihtuahna fim tak min pe a, kan mimal ngaihdan lak ata kan chhuah zalen a, thil dik tak atanga thutlukna siam turin min pui bawk.
- I ngaihdan dik lo a nih chuan dik lo tih hlau suh. Chu chu zirlai kalphung pawimawh tak a ni.
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