E mōhio ana koe ki te mate pukupuku waha? Me kōrero tāua!

Kua rongo kē koe i te mate pukupuku waha? Tērā pea i mataku koe i tō rongonga i te ingoa. Heoi, he mea nui kia mārama koe ki tēnei. Nā te mea ki te kitea wawe, ka māmā ake te rongoā, ā, ka taea te whakaora i te nuinga o te wā. Nō reira, i tēnei rā ka kōrerohia e tātou tēnei mate pukupuku waha.

He aha te mate pukupuku waha? Ko wai ka pāngia?

He māmā noa iho, ko te mate pukupuku waha he momo mate pukupuku e puta ana i roto i te arai o tō waha. I ētahi wā ka rite ēnei ki ngā raruraru noa, pērā i ngā ira mā i ō ngutu, i roto rānei i tō waha, i ngā mate toto rānei. Engari ko te rerekētanga ko te kore e ora ēnei huringa, ā, ka mau tonu. Ki te kore e rongoatia, ka horapa te mate pukupuku waha puta noa i tō waha me tō korokoro, ā, ka horapa atu ki ētahi atu wāhanga o tō mahunga me tō kaki. E ai ki ngā tatauranga, tata ki te 63% o te hunga he mate pukupuku waha e ora ana i te rima tau i muri i te tātaritanga.

Nā, kia kite tātou ko wai te hunga tino tūpono ka pāngia e te mate pukupuku waha. I te toharite, tata ki te tekau mā tahi ngā tāngata i roto i te kotahi rau mano ka pāngia e tēnei mate i roto i ō rātou oranga. I te nuinga o te wā, he paku nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā tāne ki te pāngia e tēnei mate i ngā wāhine. Waihoki, e kīia ana he nui ake te tūponotanga o te hunga mā ki te pāngia e tēnei momo mate pukupuku i ngā tāngata mangu.

He pēhea te pānga o te mate pukupuku waha ki te tinana?

Kei hea te pānga o te mate pukupuku waha? Ko te nuinga o te wā ko tō waha me ētahi wāhanga o tō korokoro. I roto i ngā kupu hauora, ka pā ki ngā wāhi e kiia nei ko te 'waha waha' (`(waha waha)`) me te '(oropharynx)`). Ko te oropharynx (`(oropharynx)`) te wāhanga waenga o tō korokoro ka kitea ina whakatuwherahia tō waha, tetahi wāhanga o te arero, me tetahi wāhanga o te tuanui o tō waha. Mena ka puta te mate pukupuku ki reira, ka kiia e mātou ko te '(oropharyngeal cancer)'. Engari i roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka kōrerohia atu e mātou ngā mate pukupuku e puta ana i roto i te waha, arā, i roto i te '(waha waha)'.

He aha ngā wāhanga o te waha?

Nā, ina kī tātou "kohao waha", nō hea ia? Whakaarohia...

• Ō ngutu.
• Ōu kapia.
• Te kiri o roto o ō paparinga (e kiia ana e mātou ko te "ara o roto o ō paparinga").
• Ngā hautoru e rua o mua o tō arero.
• Te papa o tō waha (arā, te wāhi i raro i tō arero).
• Te wāhanga tuatahi o te tuanui o tō waha.
• Ko te wāhi kei muri i ngā niho whakamutunga e rua (`(ngā niho whakaaro nui)`).

He aha ngā pūtake o te mate pukupuku waha?

Āe, me titiro tātou ki te putanga mai o te mate pukupuku waha. He māmā noa iho, kei roto i tō tātou waha tētahi momo pūtau e kiia nei ko ngā "pūtau papatahi". He pūtau papatahi ēnei e rite ana ki te unahi ika ina tirohia i raro i te karuārai. Ka puta ngā pūtau mate pukupuku ina huri te "DNA" o aua "pūtau papatahi" noa, ā, ka tīmata aua pūtau ki te tipu me te wehewehe me te kore e taea te whakahaere. I roto i te wā, ka horapa ēnei pūtau mate pukupuku ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te waha, kātahi ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te upoko me te kaki, ā, tera pea ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana.

Ngā tikanga me ngā take e whakanui ake ai i te mōrearea

Tērā ētahi āhuatanga me ngā whanonga e whakanui ake ana i te tūponotanga o te mate pukupuku waha. I mōhio koe e 75% o te hunga e pāngia ana e te mate pukupuku waha he whanaunga ēnei:

• Te momi hikareti i ngā mea pērā i te hikareti, te hikā, me ngā paipa.
• Te ngaungau tupeka, te whakamahi tupeka me ngā rau pīti, me te whakamahi i ngā mea pēnei i te "hookah" me te "shisha".
• Te inu nui pinepine.
• Te noho roa i te rā, kāore he parenga mō ngā ngutu (hei tauira, kāore anō kia pania he "rāhui ārai rā").
• Te pangia e te huaketo "Human Papillomavirus" "HPV" rānei.
• He hītori whānau mō te mate pukupuku waha (arā, he hononga ira tuku iho).

Engari he mea nui anō kia maumahara ko te 25% o te hunga e pāngia ana e te matepukupuku waha kāore e momi hikareti, kāore hoki he take mōrearea kē atu. Nō reira, he mea pai kia mōhio tātou katoa ki tēnei.

He aha ngā tohu o te matepukupuku waha?

Nā, me titiro tātou ki ngā tohu o te mate pukupuku waha. I ētahi wā ka pōhēhētia ēnei ki ngā raruraru waha noa. Hei tauira, ka kite pea koe i ngā wāhi mā i roto i tō waha e kore e taea te waru. He āhuatanga mua-mate pukupuku anō hoki ēnei.

He maha ngā momo ira pēnei e puta ana i roto i te waha me te korokoro, ā, he rerekē te tae:

• Leukoplakia: He ma, he hina rānei ngā ira papatahi o ēnei.
• Erythroplakia: He whero ēnei, he paku teitei ake i ētahi wā, he papatahi rānei ngā wāhi. Ka toto pea ina waruhia.
• Erythroleukoplakia: He wāhi ēnei he ranunga o te whero me te mā.

Hei tāpiritanga, ko ngā tohu noa o te mate pukupuku waha ēnei:

• Mena he mate kei ō ngutu, kei roto rānei i tō waha e tere ana te toto, ā, e kore e ora i muri i ngā wiki e rua.
• Ngā mea pēnei i ngā ngutu, ngā kapia, ngā wāhi taratara i roto i te mangai, me ngā wāhi e tihore ana.
• Mena he toto e puta mai ana i roto i te waha, kāore he take e kitea ana.
• Mena ka pāngia koe e te māuiui, te mamae, te ngawari rānei i tō mata, i tō kaki, i roto rānei i tō waha, kāore he take e kitea ana.
• Mena he uaua ki a koe te ngaungau, te horomi, te kōrero, te mamae o tō kauae, te uaua rānei ki te neke i tō arero.
• Ki te ngaro tō taumaha i te kore e tūmanakohia (`(Te ngaronga taumaha kāore i te tūpato)`).
• He mamae taringa.
• Mena he manawa kino tonu tōu (`(Manawa kino mau tonu)`).

Me pēhea te tautuhi i te mate pukupuku waha?

Ki te haere tonu koe ki te tākuta niho, ka tirohia pea e ia ngā tohu o te mate pukupuku waha i a koe e tirotiro ana i ia wā. Ki te whakapae ia i tēnei, ka mahia pea e ia ētahi whakamātautau taketake, ka tukuna rānei koe ki tētahi taote pokanga waha me te taote pokanga kanohi ki runga (`(Taonga Taonga Waha me te Mata ki runga)`) he taote pokanga upoko me te kaki rānei (`(Taonga Taonga Upoko me te Kaki)`). Ka kiia hoki ēnei tohunga he tohunga taringa, ihu me te korokoro (`(Ngā tohunga ENT)`).

Anei ētahi o ngā whakamātautau e whakamahia ana hei tautuhi i te mate pukupuku waha:

• Whakamātautau tinana: Ka tirohia e tō tākuta tō roto i tō waha, ā, ka pā atu pea ki tō waha. Ka tirohia hoki e ia tō mahunga, tō mata, me tō kaki mō ngā tohu o te mate pukupuku, ngā āhuatanga rānei o mua i te mate pukupuku.
• Ko te koiora paraihe (e kiia ana ko te koiora waru, ko te cytology exfoliative rānei): Ka whakamahia e te tākuta he paraihe iti, he spatula rānei hei waru mārire i tētahi wāhanga iti o ngā pūtau mai i te wāhi whakapae. Kātahi ka whakamātauria ngā pūtau kia kitea ai mēnā he mate pukupuku.
• Kohikohi tapahi: I roto i tēnei mahi, ka tangohia e te tākuta tētahi wahi kiko mai i te wāhi whakapae, ka whakamātautau i ngā pūtau kia kitea ai mēnā he matepukupuku.
• Te tirotiro i te waha me te tirotiro i te waha: Ka whakamahia e te tākuta he taputapu kakau roa me te whakaata iti e piri ana ki reira hei tirotiro i tō korokoro, te turanga o tō arero, me tetahi wāhanga o tō arai (pouaka reo).
• Te tirotiro i te waha me te laryngoscopy tika (ngāwari): I ētahi wā ka whakamahia he endoscope hei tirotiro hohonu ki roto i te korokoro me te waha e kore e kitea ki te karu tirotiro. He ngongo angiangi, ngāwari te endoscope me te rama me te karu arotahi kei mua.

He wāhanga anō kei te mate pukupuku waha?

Āe, tino tika. Mā ēnei whakamātautau ka taea te whakatau i te wāhanga ('wāhanga') o te mate pukupuku. Ko te wāhanga e pā ana ki te wāhi kei reira te mate pukupuku, te tawhiti kua horapa, me te mea kua horapa atu i tua atu i te wāhi i tīmata ai. Ka tirohia hoki e ēnei whakamātautau mēnā kua horapa te mate pukupuku ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana.

Ka whakamahia e ngā tākuta ngā mōhiohio mō tēnei wāhanga hei whakamahere i te maimoatanga me te matapae i ngā tūponotanga o te ora.

Ka whakarōpūtia te mate pukupuku waha mā te whakamahi i te pūnaha TNM.

• Ko te reta T e pā ana ki te rahi me te taunga o te puku tuatahi.
• Ko te reta N e tohu ana mēnā kua horapa te pukupuku ki ngā kōpū lymph.
• Ko te reta M e tohu ana mēnā kua horapa te pukupuku ki ngā wāhanga tawhiti o te tinana (kua horapa ki roto).

Ko ngā wāhanga o te mate pukupuku waha e whai ake nei:

• TI: E 2 henimita te roa, iti iho rānei, o te pukupuku i roto i te mangai.
• T2: He nui ake te pukupuku i te 2 henimita, engari kaua e nui ake i te 4 henimita.
• T3: He nui ake te pukupuku i te 4 henimita.

Me pēhea te rongoā i te mate pukupuku waha?

E toru ngā huarahi matua hei rongoā i te mate pukupuku waha: te pokanga, te rongoā irahiko, me te rongoā matū . Me kōrero koe ki tō tākuta mō ō whiringa katoa, ō rātou pānga taha, me pēhea te whakahaere i aua whiringa.

He maha ngā āhuatanga ka whakaarohia e te tākuta i mua i te tūtohutanga i tētahi maimoatanga. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko:

• He aha te momo matepukupuku waha kei a koe?
• Mehemea kua horapa tō matepukupuku mai i te wāhi i tīmata ai ki ētahi atu wāhanga o tō waha me tō korokoro, ki ētahi atu wāhanga rānei o tō tinana.
• Tō hauora whānui.
• tō tau.

He aha ngā pokanga e mahia ana mō te mate pukupuku waha?

Ko ngā pokanga tino noa mō te mate pukupuku waha ko:

• Pokanga pukupuku tuatahi: Ka tangohia e ngā tākuta te pukupuku mā te tapahi i roto i te waha, i te kaki rānei.
• Te tango i te arero i te kiri mā te whakamahi i te whakakorikori kanohi: Ko te tango i tētahi wāhanga, i te katoa rānei o te arero.
• Pokanga kauae (Pokanga kauae): He pokanga tēnei e mahia ana mēnā he matepukupuku kei roto i te kauae.
• Te tango i te niho nui: Ka tangohia e tēnei pokanga tetahi wāhanga, tetahi wāhanga rānei o te tuanui o runga o te waha (te wāhanga wheua o te tuanui o te waha, e mōhiotia ana ko te waha).
• Te koiora o te kōpū lymph Sentinel: Ka taea e tēnei whakamātautau te āwhina i ngā tākuta ki te kimi mēnā kua horapa te mate pukupuku ki tua atu i te wāhi taketake.
• Te tapahi i te kaki: Ka mahia tēnei pokanga hei tango i ngā kōpuku lymph i te kaki.
• Te Whakahoutanga: Whai muri i te pokanga hei tango i te nui o te kiko, ka taea te mahi pokanga whakahou hei whakakī i te wāhi i noho ai te pukupuku, hei hanga anō rānei i ngā wāhanga o te tinana, pērā i te ngutu, te arero, te waha, te kauae rānei. I ētahi wā, ko tēnei whakahounga ko te tango i te wheua me te kiko hauora mai i ētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana.

Ētahi atu maimoatanga

Ka whakamahia pea e ngā tākuta ētahi atu maimoatanga, hei tāpiri atu ki te pokanga, hei whakamahi motuhake rānei.

• Whakaora irahiko: Ka whakamahia e tēnei ngā hihi kaha-nui hei patu i ngā pūtau matepukupuku, hei aukati rānei i tō rātou tipu. Tērā pea ka whakakotahihia e tō tākuta te whakaora irahiko me ētahi atu maimoatanga.
• Whakaora arotahi: Ka whakamahia e tēnei momo maimoatanga matepukupuku ngā rongoā, ngā matū rānei hei tautuhi me te whakaeke i ngā momo pūtau matepukupuku motuhake, me te kore e whara i ngā pūtau noa. Ko ngā paturopi monoclonal he pūmua pūnaha ārai mate i hangaia i roto i te taiwhanga. Ka whakamahia hei rongoā i te matepukupuku.
• Te rongoā matū: Ka whakamahia pea e te tākuta ngā rongoā ārai matepukupuku hei patu i ngā pūtau matepukupuku. Ka pāngia e tēnei maimoatanga ngā wāhanga maha o te tinana.
• Te rongoā ārai mate: He maimoatanga tēnei e whakamahi ana i tō ake pūnaha ārai mate hei whawhai i te mate pukupuku. I ētahi wā ka kiia ko te rongoā koiora.

He aha ngā mea ka taea te mahi hei ārai i te mate pukupuku waha?

He mate ka taea te ārai i te mate pukupuku waha. Ka taea hoki e koe te whai wāhi atu ki tēnei mate. Mā te whai i ēnei tohutohu ka āwhina koe ki te ārai i te mate pukupuku waha:

• Ki te whakamahi koe i te tupeka (hikareti, pīti), e ngaungau ana i te tupeka, e whakamahi ana rānei i te paipa wai, ngana ki te whakamutu, ki te whakaiti rānei i te kai paipa. Kōrero ki tō tākuta mō ngā kaupapa whakamutu kai paipa.
• Ki te inu waipiro koe, inuhia kia taurite.
• Ina haere koe ki waho i te rā, kaua e wareware ki te whakamahi i tētahi "kiri ārai-rā e ārai ana i te UV-AB" mō tō mata me ō ngutu.
• Me werohanga koe mō te `(Human Papillomavirus - HPV)`.
• Kai i te kai taurite.
• Me tirotiro niho i ia wā. He mea pai kia tirotirohia te mate pukupuku waha i te iti rawa i ia toru tau mō te hunga i waenga i te 20 me te 40 tau te pakeke, me ia tau i muri i te 40 tau te pakeke.

Ka taea e au te kimi mēnā he mate pukupuku waha tōku?

Ki te kitea wawetia te mate pukupuku waha, ka taea te whakaroa i tōna tipu, i tōna horapa rānei.

Ka taea e koe te tirotiro i tō waha i ia marama. Mēnā ka kite koe i tētahi mea rerekē, he mea rerekē rānei i a koe e mahi ana i tēnā, me toro atu ki te tākuta niho tonu. Anei me pēhea te tirotiro i tō waha, korokoro, me tō kaki mō ngā tohu o te matepukupuku waha:

• Whāia ō ngutu, te taha mua o ō kapia, me te tuanui o tō waha.
• Whāia tō kaki me raro i ō kēkē mō ngā puku, ngā kōpuku waikura rānei e pupuhi ana.
• Haere ki tētahi wāhi mārama i mua i te whakaata, ka titiro ki roto i tō waha.
• Tahurihia tō māhunga ki muri ka titiro ki te tuanui o tō waha.
• Kumea ngā paparinga ka titiro ki roto i te waha, te kiri i roto i ngā paparinga, me ngā kapia i muri.
• Whakatōkia tō arero ki waho, ka titiro ki te tihi, ki raro, me ngā taha. Āta panaia tō arero ki muri, ka titiro ki te raro o tō waha.

He aha ngā mea ka taea e au te tumanako mēnā he mate pukupuku waha tōku?

Ko te mate pukupuku waha he momo mate pukupuku e tupu ana i roto i te waha. Pērā i te maha o ngā mate pukupuku, ka taea e te kitenga wawe me te maimoatanga te whakaroa i te horapa o te mate pukupuku waha. Tata ki te hautoru o te hunga kua rongoatia mō te mate pukupuku waha ka pāngia e te mate pukupuku hou. Mena kua rongoatia koe mō te mate pukupuku waha, kōrero ki tō tākuta mō ngā whakamātautau whai muri.

He aha te mea ka tupu i muri i te otinga o te maimoatanga?

Kia oti i a koe te maimoatanga mō te matepukupuku waha, ka hoatu e tō tākuta he kōrero ki a koe mō te pānga o te maimoatanga motuhake i whiwhi koe ki tō oranga o ia rā.

Hei tauira, ka taea te rongoā angitu i ētahi tāngata he mate pukupuku waha mā te tango i te puku mai i te ngutu, i te waha rānei. Heoi, ko te tangata kua horapa tōna mate pukupuku, me hiahia pea ki tētahi pokanga rerekē, whānui ake, tae atu ki te hanga anō i tētahi wāhanga o te waha, o te kauae rānei.

Ahakoa tō āhua, me toro atu koe ki ō tākuta, tae atu ki tō tākuta niho, i ia wā, mō ngā tirotiro hauora (`(ngā wā tirotiro whai muri)`).

Āhea koe me toro atu ki te tākuta?

Ki te kite koe i ētahi panonitanga ki tō waha – he mate hou kāore e ora i muri i ngā wiki e rua, he wāhi taratara, me ētahi atu – me toro atu ki te tākuta tonu. He mea tino nui tēnei. Ko te wawe o tō kitenga, ko te nui ake o te tūponotanga ka angitu te maimoatanga.

He aha ngā pātai me pātai atu e au ki te tākuta?

Anei ētahi pātai noa ka taea e koe te pātai atu ki tō tākuta:

• He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te mate pukupuku waha i mua i te mate pukupuku me te mate pukupuku waha?
• He rangitahi, he mau tonu rānei tōku mate?
• He aha pea te take e pāngia ai ahau e te mate pukupuku?
• He aha ngā momo whakamātautau me mahi e au, ā, me pēhea te whakahaere?
• He aha te maimoatanga pai rawa atu?
• He aha ngā huarahi kē atu hei whakakapi i te tikanga matua e whakaarohia ana e koe?
• Mena me pokanga ahau, me pokanga anō hoki ahau mō te hanga anō i te kiri?
• Me toro atu ahau ki tētahi tohunga? E hia te utu, ā, ka utua e taku inihua?
• He aha taku e taea ai hei whakaiti i aku tohumate?
• He aha ngā huringa āhua noho ka taea e au te mahi hei āwhina i te maimoatanga me te whakaora?

Ko te mea nui rawa atu kia maumahara koe! (Karere hei kawe ki te kāinga)

Ahakoa he mate kino te mate pukupuku waha, ka taea te rongoā angitu mēnā ka kitea wawe.

Koia te mea nui kia kite koe i te tākuta niho i te iti rawa i te rua o ngā wā i te tau, me te tirotiro anō hoki i tō waha i te iti rawa i te kotahi i te marama. Tērā ētahi huarahi hei ārai i te mate pukupuku waha. Ko tētahi o ngā mea tino nui ko te karo i te whakamahi i ngā hua tupeka. He mea noa te mataku ina kitea he mate pukupuku tōu. Engari kia maumahara, ehara i te mea ko koe anake. Ki te hiahia āwhina koe ki te kōrero ki ō hoa me tō whānau mō tō mate pukupuku waha, kōrero ki ō tākuta mōna. Tiakina tō hauora, nā te mea koinei te mea tino nui kei a koe!

` Matepukupuku ā-Waha, Matepukupuku ā-Waha, Ngā Tohu, Ngā Take, Te Maimoatanga, Te Pokanga, Te Ārai, Te Whakamātautau-ā-Waha