E hiahia ana tātou katoa kia noho hauora, tika? I mōhio koe he pūnaha parepare ā-roto whakamiharo tō tō tinana e mahi uaua ana ki te tiaki i a koe mai i ngā mate? Ko tētahi wāhanga nui o tēnei pūnaha he pūtau e kiia nei ko ngā lymphocytes. Ki te kī ngāwari, whakaarohia rātou hei hōia ririki e tiaki ana i tō hauora. Me ruku hohonu ake tātou ki te aha ngā lymphocytes me pēhea rātou e tiaki ai i a koe i Nirogi Lanka.
He aha tonu ngā Lymphocytes?
He momo toto mā ngā pūtau toto toto. Tērā pea kua mōhio kē koe he toto toto whero, he toto toto mā hoki ō toto; he rōpū motuhake ngā pūtau toto ...
E rua ngā momo matua o ngā lymphocytes:
- Ngā pūtau toto-T (ngā pūtau-T): Koinei ngā kaiārahi rautaki o te pūnaha ārai mate. Ka whakahaere rātou i ngā urupare ārai mate, ā, ka taea e rātou te tautuhi i ngā pūtau kua pangia, ngā pūtau matepukupuku rānei, ka whakaeke tika atu ki a rātou hei whakangaro.
- Ngā pūtau toto-B (ngā pūtau-B): Koinei ngā wheketere paturopi o tō tinana. Ko ngā paturopi he pūmua i hangaia hei tautuhi i ngā kaikōkiri motuhake pērā i ngā huaketo me ngā huakita, ā, hei patu hei whakakore i ēnei tūmomo riri.
He pēhea te mahi a ngā lymphocytes ki tō tinana?
Ehara i te mea he pūtau noa iho ngā lymphocytes; he mea nui hoki rātou mō tō oranga.
Ko tā rātou mahi matua he tiaki i a koe mā te whawhai ki ngā pūtau matepukupuku me te whakakore i ngā antigens — arā, ngā matū ke pēnei i te huakita me te huaketo e whakatuma ana i tō hauora.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, he "mahara" whakamiharo kei ngā pūtau toto. Ka maumahara rātou ki ngā pūmua katoa kua tūtaki rātou. Kua whakaaro koe he aha koe i kore ai e pāngia e ngā mate pēnei i te rewharewha, i te rewharewha rānei i te wā tuarua? Nā te mahara kua rongoatia e ēnei pūtau. I muri i te tūtakitanga ki tētahi pūmua, ka huri ētahi pūtau toto hei "pūtau mahara." Ki te whakaeke anō te pūmua kotahi, ka mōhio tonu ēnei pūtau mahara ki a ia, ā, ka puta he urupare tere, kaha. Koinei anō te mātāpono kei muri i te tiakitanga o koe e ngā werohanga i ētahi mate.
He pēhea te mahi tahi a ngā pūtau-T me ngā pūtau-B?
Ahakoa e mahi tahi ana ngā pūtau-T me ngā pūtau-B, he rerekē ā rāua mahi.
Te Tūranga o ngā Pūtau-T
Ko ngā pūtau-T te kawenga mō te whakangaro i ngā pūtau kua pangia, me te whakahaere i te urupare whānui a te tinana. Ko te nuinga o ngā pūtau-T me whai tohu mai i ētahi atu pūtau ārai mate kia whakahohehia. Kia whakahohehia, ka whakanuia, ka motuhake ki ngā momo rerekē:
- Ngā pūtau-T paitini : Koinei ngā mana motuhake o tō pūnaha ārai mate. Ka herea e rātou ki ngā antigens i runga i ngā pūtau pangia, ngā pūtau rerekē rānei, ka hangaia he kōhao i roto i te kiriuhi pūtau, ā, ka werohia he whākōkī hei patu i te pūtau mai i roto.
- Ngā pūtau-T āwhina: E rite ana ki tō rātou ingoa, ka whakarite rātou i te parepare. Ko ētahi ka āwhina i ngā pūtau-B ki te whakaputa paturopi, ko ētahi ka whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o ngā pūtau-T paitini.
- Ngā pūtau-T whakahaere: Ka whakaputahia e ēnei pūtau ngā matū e tohu ana i te urupare ārai mate kia mutu ina pahemo te tūponotanga, ka ārai i te tinana kei whakaeke i ōna ake kiko hauora.
Te Tūranga o ngā Pūtau-B
Kei te mata o ngā pūtau-B ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi e mau ana ki ngā antigens motuhake. Kia mōhio rātou ki tētahi tūmomo riri, ka hangaia e rātou he paturopi kua hangaia kia rite ki te whawhai ki a ia. E rua ngā huarahi e whakautu ai rātou:
- Te urupare ārai mate tuatahi:Ina herea tuatahitia he antigen ki tētahi kaiwhakawhiwhi pūtau-B, ka whakaohokia te pūtau-B. Ko ētahi ka huri hei "pūtau mahara," ko ētahi ka huri hei "pūtau plasma." Ka whakaputahia e ēnei pūtau plasma ngā paturopi motuhake e hiahiatia ana, ahakoa ka roa pea tēnei tukanga i ētahi rā i te wā o te mate tuatahi.
- Tauhohenga ārai mate tuarua: Ki te hoki mai te pūmua kotahi, ka maumahara tonu ngā pūtau mahara. Ka tere te whakanui me te huri hei pūtau plasma, ka tere ake te whakaputa i te paturopi tika. Koinei te take ka tere ake te ora mena ka pāngia koe e te mate kotahi anō i te wā tuarua.
Kei hea te Hanga o ngā Lymphocytes, ā, kei hea hoki te Noho?
Ka hangaia ngā pūtau toto i roto i tō hinu wheua . Kia pakeke, ka uru ki te toto. Ka kitea ēnei pūtau pakari i roto i tō toto, puta noa hoki i te pūnaha toto .
Ka haere ētahi ki te repe thymus ka huri hei pūtau-T, ko ētahi ka heke ki ngā kōpū lymph me ētahi atu whekau ka whanake hei pūtau-B.
He aha te āhua o ngā lymphocytes?
He paku nui ake ngā pūtau toto whero i ngā pūtau toto whero engari he iti tonu, me whakamahi i te karuārai hei tiro. He karihi papura nui, hohonu kei waenganui o ia pūtau toto, e karapotia ana e te paparanga angiangi o te cytoplasm papura-mārama.
He aha te awhe noa mō ngā Lymphocytes?
Ka rerekē te tatau i runga i te tau, te ira tangata, te teitei, me te momo noho.
- Mō ngā pakeke: Ko te awhe noa ko te 1,000 ki te 4,800 lymphocytes ia microrita o te toto.
- Mō ngā tamariki: He teitei ake te awhe, i waenga i te 3,000 me te 9,500 ngā pūtau toto i ia maikirīta toto.
Ko te tikanga, ko ngā lymphocytes te 20% ki te 40% o te tapeke o ngā pūtau toto ma.
He aha ngā mea ka puta mēnā he nui te maha o ō lymphocyte?
Mena he āwangawanga āu mō ngā hua o tō tatau toto, tēnā whakapā atu ki tō tākuta tonu. Mena ka pāngia koe e ngā tohu kino pēnei i te kirika nui, te uaua ki te manawa, te ngoikore rānei, me rapu tonu i te awhina ohorere i te hōhipera tata.
Ina teitei ake te taumata o ngā pūtau toto toto i te taumata noa, ka kiia tēnei he pūtau toto toto totohu (lymphocytosis ). He maha ngā wā ka puta tēnei nā te mea kei te whawhai tō tinana ki tētahi mate, ki tētahi atu mate hauora rānei. Hei whakautu, ka whakaputa pea tō tinana i ētahi atu pūtau toto toto totohu hei āwhina i te tiaki i a koe.
Heoi anō, ka piki ake pea ngā taumata lymphocyte nā ngā mate hauora kino ake. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko:
- Hepatitis
- Te Syphilis
- Mononucleosis
- Te mate kohi
- HIV me te AIDS
- Te mate pūkahukahu
- Ngā mate urutā pēnei i te maremare , te toxoplasmosis, te cytomegalovirus rānei
- Ngā mate pukupuku toto pērā i te lymphoma, te leukemia rānei
He aha te mea ka tupu mēnā he iti te taumata o aku lymphocyte?
Ina heke te taumata o ngā lymphocytes i roto i tō toto i raro i te awhe noa, ka mōhiotia ko te lymphocytopenia, te lymphopenia rānei . Ahakoa ka puta tēnei i te rewharewha, i te mate iti rānei, he tohu anō hoki tēnei mō tētahi raruraru hauora nui ake. Ko ētahi o ngā take pea ko:
- HIV, AIDS rānei
- Te mate kohi, te kirika taipoi rānei
- He mate ate huaketo
- Ngā mate toto pērā i te mate a Hodgkin
- Ngā mate autoimmune pēnei i te lupus
- Ngā āhuatanga tuku iho onge, tae atu ki te Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), Ataxia-telangiectasia, DiGeorge syndrome, me te Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
- Ngā maimoatanga hauora pēnei i te radiation therapy, te chemotherapy rānei
Ko ēhea whakamātautau e tirotiro ana i ngā taumata o aku lymphocyte?
He maha ngā whakamātautau toto e wātea ana hei āwhina i a mātou ki te mārama ki ngā taumata o ō lymphocyte. Ko ngā whakamātautau matua ko:
- Te tatau toto tino nui: He wāhanga tēnei o te whakamātautau Tatau Toto Katoa (CBC) paerewa. Ka hoatu he tau tika mō ngā toto toto nui i roto i ō toto, kaua ko te ōrau anake.
- Te ine rere toto: He whakamātautau taiwhanga motuhake tēnei. Ka rongoatia tō tauira toto ki tētahi wai motuhake, ā, ka tukuna mā roto i tētahi taputapu e hangai ana ki te taiaho e kiia nei ko te ine rere toto. Ka meinga e te taiaho ngā pūtau kia marara i roto i ngā tauira motuhake, ka taea e tō tīma hauora te tautuhi me te tatau tika i ngā momo pūtau rerekē.
He aha ngā tohu noa o ngā mate e pā ana ki ngā lymphocytes?
He maha ngā wā, kāore e puta he tohu motuhake mēnā he mate toto, he mate pukupuku rānei tō te lymphocytosis, he mate lymphocytopenia rānei anake. Heoi, mēnā kua rerekē ō taumata lymphocyte nā te mate toto, nā te mate pukupuku rānei, ka pāngia pea koe e ngā tohu e pā ana ki taua mate, pēnei i:
- Ngā kōpū lymph pupuhi
- Te werawera o te pō
- Kirika
- Mamae puku
- Te ngaronga o te hiahia kai
- Te poto o te manawa
He whakamaumahara whakamutunga, he mea nui mai i Nirogi Lanka!
He momo toto ma te mea nui ngā pūtau toto ma. He mea nui rātou i roto i tō pūnaha ārai mate, hei tiaki i tō tinana mai i ngā mate. Ka taea te aromatawai ngāwari i te maha o ō pūtau toto ma te whakamātautau toto noa.
Tērā pea ka āwangawanga koe mēnā ka whiwhi koe i ngā hua e whakaatu ana kei waho atu ō taumata lymphocyte i te awhe noa. Heoi, i te nuinga o te wā, he tohu noa tēnei huringa kei te kaha te whawhai a tō tinana ki tētahi mate. Kaua e manukanuka nui.
Mena he āwangawanga, he pātai rānei āu, ko te huarahi pai ko te whakarite i tētahi wā hui ki tō tākuta. Mā tō tākuta koe e whakatau te take tuturu, ā, ka ārahi i a koe ki ngā mahi e tika ana hei whakaora i tō hauora.
