E mōhio ana koe ki tēnei "mea hina" i roto i tō roro? Me kōrero tāua!

He hiahia nui tā tātou katoa ki te mōhio ki ō tātou roro, tika? Ina kōrero tātou mō te roro, he rerekē ngā wāhanga, me ngā huarahi mahi. I tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō tētahi kiko motuhake i roto i te roro e āwhina ana i a tātou ki te mahi i ngā mea tino nui, pērā i te mahi i ā tātou mahi o ia rā, te whakaaro, te maumahara, me te whakahaere i ō tātou kare ā-roto. Ko te ingoa o tēnā ko 'Gray Matter.' Kua rongo pea koe i tēnei ingoa mai i tētahi tākuta, i tētahi wāhi rānei. Nō reira, kia kite tātou he aha te ingoa?

He aha tēnei 'Matū Hina'?

He kupu ngāwari noa iho, he momo kiko tino nui te 'Matū Hina' i roto i tō roro me tō taurakira – ko tō 'Pūnaha Io Matua' . Koinei te mea e āwhina ana i a koe ki te whakahaere i ō mahi o ia rā. E mōhio ana koe ki ngā mea kei roto? Ko te nuinga o te wā he maha ngā 'tinana io', ngā 'mutunga axon', ngā pito o ngā pūtau io, me ngā 'dendrite'.

Tērā pea kei te whakaaro koe he aha te pūtau io (he 'neuron'). Whakaarohia pēnei, he rite te pūtau io ki tētahi karere iti. E toru ngā wāhanga matua:

• He 'tinana io' nui. Kei roto i tēnei ko te 'iwi matua'. Pērā i te pokapū whakahaere o tō tātou tinana, ko tēnei iwi matua te kaiwhakahaere i ngā mahi katoa o te pūtau, ā, ka rongoa i ngā mōhiohio ira o te pūtau.
• He kiko roa, angiangi te axon e kawe ana i ngā tohu hiko. He rite ki te waea e kawe ana i ngā karere.
• He maha ngā 'dendrite' , pērā i ngā manga e whiwhi ana i ngā tohu mai i ētahi atu pūtau. Koinei ngā mea e kohikohi ana i ngā mōhiohio mai i ētahi atu pūtau io tata, pērā i te kōrero ki te hunga i te taha.

Nō reira, i tapaina tēnei 'mea hina' nā te mea he maha ngā tinana pūtau io pēnei i a ia. He hina paku hoki tōna tae.

Me pēhea te whanaketanga o te 'Matū Hina'?

Ka tīmata te whanaketanga o tēnei 'Matū Hina' mai i te tamarikitanga. Arā, i te wā e noho ana te pēpi i roto i te kōpū o te whaea, ka tīmata te whanaketanga i te wā o te 'whanaketanga o te pēpi '. Kātahi, ina whānau te pēpi, ka piki te nui o tēnei 'Matū Hina' tae noa ki te 8 tau te pakeke. Kāore e mutu i reira, tae noa ki te 20 tau te pakeke, ka piki ake te mātotoru o tēnei 'Matū Hina', arā, te nui o ngā pūtau io e hono pūmau ana tetahi ki tetahi. Mā tēnei pikinga o te mātotoru ka taea e tātou te tukatuka tere i ngā mōhiohio ('tukatuka teitei') me te whakawhanake ake i te hinengaro.

Engari, anei tētahi mea tino nui hei maumahara. Kāore ngā neuron e whakaora anō, e whakatika rānei i a rātou anō. Arā, ki te pakaru, ki te mate rānei tētahi neuron, e kore e hangaia he mea hou hei whakakapi i a ia. Koia te mea nui kia tiakina ō tātou roro.

He aha te motuhaketanga o te 'Matū Hina' o te roro tangata?

Titiro mai, he rite tonu ngā pūnaha io o ētahi atu kararehe whakangote, pērā i te kiore me te aihe, ki ō tātou. Heoi, he rerekētanga nui te hanganga o te roro tangata. Kua kite koe i ngā pikitia o te roro he maha ngā kita, tika? I roto i aua kita, ko ngā wāhi "totoka" e kiia ana ko te "sulci" ā, ko ngā wāhi "pūpū" e kiia ana ko te "gyri." Ko ēnei paparanga angiangi e kiia nei ko te "sulci" me te "gyri" kei reira ngā pūtau io i te mata o te roro. Koinei te mea e kiia nei e tātou ko te "hina hina."

Whakaarohia pēnei, he rite ki te takai i tētahi pepa hei whakauru i ngā mea maha ki roto i tētahi wāhi iti. Mā tēnei ka taea e tātou te whakauru i tētahi roro nui ki roto i tētahi pane iti, ā, ka taea hoki e tātou te penapena i te nui o te 'Matū Hina'. Koinei te take he nui ake te 'Matū Hina' o te tangata i ērā atu kararehe whakangote. Hei tauira, he 1000 ngā wā o te nui o te 'Matū Hina' o te roro tangata i runga i te mata o te roro o te kiore! He mea whakamiharo?

He aha te rerekētanga i waenganui i te 'Matū Hina' me te 'Matū Mā'?

Kua rongo pea koe i te 'Matū Mā'. Ko te 'Matū Hina' me te 'Matū Mā' he wāhanga nui o tō roro me tō taurakira. Tata ki te 40% o tō roro he mea hanga mai i te 'Matū Hina', ko te toenga 60% he mea hanga mai i te 'Matū Mā'.

• Kei roto i te mea hina ngā tinana pūtau io me ō rātou dendrite. He hanganga iti rite ki te matihao ēnei dendrite e kōrero ana ki ngā io tata.
• I tētahi atu taha, kei roto i te 'Matū Mā' ngā 'axon' roa o ngā pūtau io. Koinei ngā mea e kawe ana i ngā karere ki ngā wāhanga tawhiti o te roro me te taurakira.

He rerekētanga anō hoki kei roto i te āhua o tana mahi:

Nā te mea he nui ngā tinana pūtau io kei roto i te 'Matū Hina' (kei reira te pūtake o te pūtau), ka puta te tukatuka mōhiohio ki konei. Ko te āheinga motuhake o te tangata ki te whakaaro me te whai whakaaro e ahu mai ana i tēnei 'Matū Hina'. Arā, ko ngā mea katoa e pā ana ki a tātou, e kite ana, e whakaaro ana, e neke ana, e ako ana, e kōrero ana, e mārama ana hoki, ka puta i roto i te 'Matū Hina'.

Ko te mahi a te 'Matū Mā' he whakarato i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā wāhi 'Matū Hina' rerekē, me waenga i te 'Matū Hina' me ētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana. Pērā i ngā rori e kawe ana i ngā karere.

Rerekētanga tae:

Ka whiwhi te 'Matū Hina' i tōna tae hina mai i te nui o ngā tinana pūtau io. Ka whiwhi te 'Matū Mā' i tōna tae mā mai i te hipoki tiaki e kiia nei ko te 'pūkahu myelin' e karapoti ana i ngā 'axons'.

Ka ahatia te 'Matū Hina'?

He mea nui te 'Matū Hina' e rere ana puta noa i tō pūnaha io matua hei whakahaere i ō nekehanga, hei pupuri i te mahara, me te whakahaere i ngā kare ā-roto . He rerekē ngā mahi a ngā wāhanga rerekē o te roro. Nō reira, he nui te mahi a te 'Matū Hina' i roto i ngā mahi katoa a te tangata.

Kei hea te wāhi o 'Grey Matter'?

Kei te mata o tō roro te mea hina, kei ngā wāhanga o roto o te roro me te taurakira hoki.

Roro:

Kei roto i te mata me ngā wāhanga hohonu o te roro te mea hina. Ko ngā kopa me ngā rua o te roro – e kiia nei ko te gyri me te sulci – he mea hanga mai i te mea hina. Mā ēnei hanganga ka nui ake te horahanga o te mata, ā, ka nui ake ngā pūtau io, ka nui ake te mahi a te roro o te tangata i ērā atu kararehe whakangote.

Ko te mea hina te mea tino nui i roto i:

• Te Roroiti : Koinei te wāhanga o tō roro e whakahaere ana i ngā mea pēnei i ō nekehanga me tō taurite. He mea whakamiharo, he nui ake ngā pūtau io o tēnei roroiti iti i ngā wāhanga katoa o tō roro!
• `Cerebrum` : Koinei te wāhanga nui rawa atu o te roro. He wāhanga tēnei e whai wāhi ana ki ngā mahi pēnei i te whakaaro, te whakatau kaupapa, te reo, me te mahara.
• `Kakau Roro` : Ka hono tēnei i te roro me te taurakira. Mā tēnei wāhanga e whakahaere ngā mahi nui pēnei i te manawa me te pao o te manawa.

Taura Tuaiwi:

He hanganga rite ki te haona te 'Matū Hina' e tū ana puta noa i te taurakira (kei waho te mea mā). I roto i te taurakira, ka wehea kia maha ngā wāhanga:

• Pou hina o mua : Koinei te mea e tuku tohu ana ki ngā uaua, e whakahaere ana hoki i te nekehanga.
• `Pou hina o muri` : Koinei te wāhi e whiwhi ai tātou i ngā kare ā-tinana pēnei i te pā, te mamae, me te pāmahana.
• 'Pou hina taha' : E pā ana tēnei ki te pūnaha io ā-roto, arā, ki ngā mea kāore e taea e tātou te whakahaere (hei tauira, te tere o te manawa, te werawera).

He aha ngā take o te ngaronga/ngaronga o te mea hina?

Ina mate ngā pūtau io i roto i te 'Materi Hina', ka 'mimiti' , arā, ka iti haere te rahi. Ko te take matua e mate ai ngā pūtau io he korenga o te toto e tukuna ana ki a rātou. Nā te mea kei te mahi tonu ēnei pūtau io, me nui te hāora (e ahu mai ana i te toto) kia pai ai te mahi. Mena ka motuhia ohorere te toto e tukuna ana, hei tauira, i roto i te 'whiu' i te 'toto roro' rānei, ka mate pea ēnei pūtau, ka pakaru rānei.

Ka mate noa ngā pūtau io o te mea hina i a tātou e kaumātuatia ana, engari koinei ngā pūtau e roa ana te ora i roto i te tinana.

Hei tāpiri, he maha atu anō ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te kino o te mea hina:

• Te mate a Alzheimer : He āhuatanga tēnei e rua ngā momo pūmua – te pūmua amyloid me te pūmua tau – e hangai kino ana ki roto i te roro. Ka mate ngā pūtau io i roto i te mea hina.
• Te mate a Parkinson : Ko te mate nei nā te ngaronga o ngā pūtau io i te wāhanga o te roro e kiia nei ko te substantia nigra, kei roto nei te mea hina. He mate tēnei e pā ana ki te nekehanga.
• Te Mate Pukupuku Maha (MS) : He tokomaha e mōhio ana ki te MS he mate whakakore i te myelination e pā ana ki te mea mā. Heoi, kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau hou ka kino anō hoki ki te mea hina, inā koa te mea hina i roto i te roro.
• Whara Roro (TBI) : Ka taea e te whiu nui ki te upoko te pakaru i te mea hina nā te toto i roto i te roro . Ka taea hoki e tēnei te arahi ki tētahi tukanga e kiia nei ko te apoptosis (te mate pūtau kua whakaritea) .

He aha ngā āhuatanga noa o te kino o te 'Materia Hina'?

I te nuinga o te wā, ka puta ngā tohu pēnei i te kino o te kiri hina:

• Te Ngaronga o te Mahara : Ka wareware koe i ētahi mea i ētahi wā, tika? He mea noa ngā mea iti. Engari ina pakaru te mea hina, ka nui haere te warewaretanga, ā, ka kore pea koe e maumahara ki ngā mea hou.
• 'Te ngoikore o te hinengaro' : Ko te tikanga he raruraru ki te reo (he uaua ki te kimi kupu, he uaua ki te mārama ki ngā mea e kōrerotia ana), he uaua ki te arotahi, he uaua ki te whakaaro me te whakatau i runga i te arorau, me te uaua ki te whakatau uaua.
• Ngā raruraru nekenekehanga : He uaua pea te mahi i ngā mahi e hiahia ana ki ngā pūkenga nekenekehanga pai (hei tauira, te pātene i te hāte, te tuhituhi, te pupuri i te kapu).

Me pēhea te tirotiro i te hauora o te 'Gray Matter'?

He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā tākuta te MRI (whakaahua aukume) hei aromatawai i te hauora o tō mea hina me tō mea mā. Ka taea e tēnei whakamātautau te āwhina i te tautuhi i ngā mate pēnei i te mate a Parkinson me te sclerosis maha (MS).

Hei tāpiritanga, ko ētahi atu whakamātautau hei aromatawai i te hauora me te mahi a te mea hina ko:Ko te 'Flexible MRI (fMRI)' me te 'positron emission tomography (PET)' ēnei.

Ka taea te rongoā i te kino o te mea hina?

He mea pouri tēnei. Engari, kāore anō kia kitea he huarahi hei rongoā, hei whakaora rānei i te kino o te kiri hina i tēnei wā. E ai ki taku kōrero i mua ake nei, ina mate ngā pūtau io, kāore e ora anō. Waihoki, kāore ngā pūtau io e wehewehe, e whakanui pērā i ētahi atu pūtau o te tinana.

Nō reira, ko te huarahi anake hei rongoā i ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te pakaru, ki te ngaro rānei o te mea hina, ko te whakahaere i ngā tohumate.

Me pēhea te pupuri i te hauora o te 'Materi Hina'?

Engari, kaua tātou e ngaro te tumanako! Ahakoa kāore e taea e tātou te aukati katoa i te ngaronga o te mea hina, he maha ngā mea ka taea e tātou te mahi hei pupuri i te hauora o tēnei wāhanga utu nui o tō tātou roro.

He mea nui te toto me te hāora tika mō te hauora o te 'Mate Hina'. Nō reira, he mea tino nui te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga mōrearea mō te 'mate roro toto '. Anei ētahi mea ka taea e koe te mahi hei whakatutuki i tēnei:

• Ki te mea he toto toto tiketike tōu (hypertension), me whakahaere.
• Te whakakorikori tinana i ngā wā katoa .
• Te whakawhāiti i te whakamahinga o te waipiro .
• Te pupuri i te taumaha hauora e tika ana mōu.
• Te moe pai i te pō .
• Te whakahaere i tō huka toto me ngā taumata cholesterol .
• Kaua e kai paipa , kati rānei mēnā ka pēnā koe.
• E ngana ana ki te whakaiti i te ahotea .

Ahakoa ka heke te kiko hina i te kaumātuatanga, kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau he nui ake te nui o te kiko hina o te hunga 65 tau te pakeke, neke atu rānei, e whakakorikori tinana ana i te hunga kāore e whakakorikori tinana ana. E kī ana tēnei taunakitanga mā te noho kaha i roto i tō oranga ka āwhina i te pupuri i te hauora o tō kiko hina, ā, ka roa ake tō oranga.

Waihoki, mā te ako i ngā mea hou me ngā pūkenga hou i roto i ngā wiki, ehara i te mea he torutoru noa ngā haora, ka taea te whakapai ake i te hauora o tō "Materi Hina." Ahakoa kāore tēnei momo whakaohooho hinengaro e hanga i ngā pūtau io hou, ka taea e ia te hanga hononga hou i waenga i ngā pūtau io o mua. Ka kiia tēnei ko te "plasticity roro / neuroplasticity."

Hei whakamutunga, ngā mea hei maumahara

Ko te 'Matū Hina' te kiko nui i roto i tō roro me tō taurakira e āhei ai koe ki te taunekeneke ki te ao e karapoti ana i a koe. Koinei te pūtake o ngā mahi hinengaro katoa. Ka pāngia tō 'Matū Hina' e ngā āhuatanga hauora maha. Heoi, ko te tikangaKa taea e koe te tiaki i tō hauora roro mā te whai i tētahi momo noho hauora, pērā i te whakakori tinana me te pupuri i te taumaha hauora e tika ana mōu.

Mena kei te pāngia koe, tō whanaunga rānei, e ngā tohu e whakaaro ana koe he pānga ki tētahi mate roro, tēnā tirohia he tākuta mō ētahi tohutohu. Koinei te mea pai rawa atu ka taea e koe te mahi.

Roro , Mea Hina, Pūnaha Io, Ngā Pūtau Io, Taura Tuaiwi, Mahara, Whakaaro, Hauora Roro, Mea Ma, Ngā Mate Pūnaha Io