Kua whakaaro koe ki te āhua o te hanganga o tō tinana, me te āhua rānei o te whakahoutanga o ō pūtau i a koe e tipu ana mai i te tamarikitanga ki te pakeketanga? He pono, he mahi toi whakamiharo tō tātou tinana. Ko tētahi wāhanga matua o tēnei hoahoa—kua rongo pea koe—ko tā tātou e kī nei ko ngā Pūtau Taketake .
He aha tonu ngā pūtau take?
Hei whakarāpopototanga, mēnā he hanganga nui tō tinana, ko ngā pūtau take te turanga. Ko ēnei ngā pūtau "rauemi mata" ahurei o te tinana, ka taea te whakaputa i ētahi atu pūtau me ngā mahi motuhake. Whakaarohia pēnei: kei roto i tō tinana ngā tiriona pūtau, ā, i roto i aua pūtau take he kaha whakamiharo ki te hanga i ngā momo pūtau motuhake neke atu i te 200, pērā i ngā pūtau toto, i ngā pūtau wheua rānei. Kotahi te momo pūtau take e hanga ana i tō tinana katoa mai i te tīmatanga, ko ētahi atu momo he rite ki te kapa tiaki, e mahi ana i ngā whakatikatika i ngā wāhi katoa e hiahiatia ana e tō tinana.
He pēhea te mahi a ngā pūtau take?
E rua ngā pūkenga ahurei o ngā pūtau take kāore i roto i ētahi atu pūtau:
- Tuatahi, ka taea e rātou te wehewehe me te hanga i ngā tauira tuturu o rātou anō. Ahakoa te wehewehenga o ngā pūtau noa, he iti noa te roa o te ora. Heoi, ka taea e ngā pūtau take te whakahou ake i a rātou anō mō ake tonu atu.
- Tuarua, ko rātou anake ngā pūtau ka taea te "whakarerekē" (te motuhake). Ko te tikanga, ki te pakaru tētahi kiko, ka taea e rātou te hanga i ngā pūtau hou e hiahiatia ana hei whakakapi. Anei ētahi tauira matua:
- Ko ngā pūtau take hematopoietic (e whakahuatia ana ko "hee-muh-tuh-poy-tik") te kawenga mō te hanga i ō pūtau toto (whero me te mā) me te tautoko i tō pūnaha ārai mate.
- Ka tautokohia e ngā pūtau take taketake ō pūtau kiri , he mea nui ēnei mō te whakahoutanga o te kiri me te whakaora i te patunga .
- Ka āwhina ngā pūtau take mesenchymal (e whakahuatia ana ko "meh-zen-kai-mul") ki te hanga wheua, kiriuhi , uaua, me ngā pūtau ngako.
He aha te hiranga o ngā pūtau take?
Ehara i te mea ko te hanga me te pupuri i ō tātou tinana anake te mea nui o ngā pūtau take; he mea nui hoki mō ngā rangahau hauora. He maha ngā take nui e akohia ana e ngā kairangahau:
- Te mārama ki te putanga mai o ngā mate: Mā te whakatipu i ngā pūtau take i roto i ngā taiwhanga me te mātakitaki i te āhua o tā rātou hurihanga hei kiko, hei whekau rānei, ka taea e ngā kairangahau te mārama ake ki te tīmatanga me te whanaketanga o ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te mate huka , te mate ngakau , ngā mate pūnaha io rānei i te taumata pūtau.
- Te whakakapi i ngā pūtau kua pakaru, kua mate rānei: He wāhanga nui tēnei o te tumanako. Kei te rangahau ngā kairangahau me pēhea te huri i ngā pūtau take hei momo pūtau motuhake hei rongoā i ngā whara, i ngā mate pūmau rānei. Whakaarohia he āpōpō kei reira, hei tauira, ka whakatupuhia he kiri hou hei rongoā i ngā wera nui, ka whakatikatikaina ngā whara o te tuaiwi, ka whakahaeretia rānei ngā mate pēnei i te mate a Parkinson mā te whakamahi i te rongoā pūtau take.
- Te whakamātautau i ngā rongoā me ngā maimoatanga hou: Ka whakamahia e ngā kairangahau ngā pūtau take hei tirotiro i te haumaru me te whai huatanga o ngā rongoā hou. Mā te whakamahi i ngā pūtau take motuhake—hei tauira, ngā pūtau kua whakarerekētia te ira hei whakatauira i tētahi mate motuhake—ka taea e ngā kaipūtaiao te aromatawai i te mahi a tētahi maimoatanga me te tautuhi i ngā pānga taha i mua i ngā whakamātautau haumanu, ka taea ai te penapena i te wā me te utu i roto i te whakawhanaketanga rongoā.
He aha ngā momo matua o ngā pūtau take?
Ka whakarōpūhia e ngā tākuta ngā pūtau take i runga i tō rātou pūtake, i ō rātou āheinga mahi rānei. Anei ngā momo matua me mōhio koe ki:
- Ngā pūtau take o te kukune (maha):He mana whakamiharo tō ēnei pūtau ki te huri hei tata ki ngā momo pūtau katoa o te tinana, pērā i te kiri, te ngākau, te roro rānei. Ko te tikanga o "Pluri" he "maha," ā, ko te tikanga o "kaha" he "mana." Ko te tikanga ka riro mai i ngā kairangahau ēnei mai i ngā toto taura i kohaina, i ngā kukune rānei i hangaia mā te In Vitro Fertilization kua kohaina mō te rangahau.
Kia mōhio: Ko te whakamahinga o ngā pūtau take kukune he kaupapa tautohetohe matatika me te pūtaiao puta noa i te ao. Nō reira, he tino ture te whakamahinga, ā, e whakahaerehia ana i raro i ngā aratohu matatika pakari.
- Ngā pūtau take kiko-motuhake (maha-pūngao, kotahi-pūngao rānei): Ka taea e ēnei pūtau te hanga pūtau take hou, engari he iti noa iho i te momo kiko e noho ana rātou. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā pūtau take toto-hanga i roto i tō hinu wheua te hanga pūtau toto hou me ngā pereti toto, engari kāore e taea e rātou te hanga pūtau pūkahukahu, pūtau ate rānei. Ka whiwhi ngā kairangahau i ēnei mai i ngā kaituku pakeke.
- Ngā pūtau take pluripotent i whakaohokia (ngā pūtau iPS, ngā iPS rānei): He whanaketanga hou ēnei i roto i te pūtaiao hou. He pūtau take i hangaia i roto i te taiwhanga. Mā te tango i ngā pūtau pakeke noa (pēnei i ngā pūtau kiri) me te whakarerekē i te ira, ka taea e ngā kaipūtaiao te hanga i a rātou kia rite ki ngā pūtau take kukune, me te kaha ki te huri hei momo pūtau katoa. Nā te mea kāore i ahu mai i ngā kukune, ka āwhina ngā iPSC ki te whakatere i ngā āwangawanga matatika e pā ana ki te rangahau pūtau take.
He pēhea te mahi a ngā kairangahau me ngā pūtau take?
Ko te tikanga ka tīmata te tukanga mā te tuku i ngā pūtau take pakeke, mā te waihanga rānei i ngā pūtau iPS. Kātahi ka whakatipuhia e ngā kairangahau ngā miriona o ēnei pūtau i roto i te taiwhanga mā te whakamahi i ngā matūkai motuhake. Ko tā rātou whāinga he ārahi i ēnei pūtau take kia huri hei pūtau motuhake e hiahiatia ana—pēnei i te uaua ngākau, i ngā neuron rānei—mā te whakamahi i ngā tohu matū tika me ngā āhuatanga tipu.
He pēhea te whakamahi a ngā tākuta i ngā pūtau take i tēnei wā?
Kei te angitu kē ngā tākuta ki te whakamahi i ngā rongoā pūtau take mō ngā momo mate hauora i ēnei rā. Mēnā he āhuatanga ohorere tāu, whakapā atu ki te 911, ki tō ratonga ohorere ā-rohe rānei.
- Te Whakatō Huango Wheua : Koinei te momo rongoā pūtau take e tino mōhiotia whānuitia ana, e tino angitu ana hoki. Ka taea e ngā tākuta te whakamahi i ngā pūtau take pakeke hei whakakapi i ngā pūtau kua pakaru, kua rerekē rānei i roto i tō hinu wheua ki ngā pūtau hauora. Ka whakamahia tēnei huarahi mō ngā āhuatanga pēnei i:
- Matepukupuku Toto : Tae atu ki te leukemia, te myeloma maha, me te lymphoma kore-Hodgkin. He maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he whakawhitinga pūtau take mō ngā tūroro i muri i te rongoā chemotherapy nui, i te rongoā irahiko rānei, e tika ana hei whakangaro i ngā pūtau matepukupuku i roto i te hinu wheua.
- Ngā Mate Toto: Tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga ira pēnei i te anemia pūtau hāripiri me te thalassemia.
- Te mate toto koretake o te wheua: He āhuatanga e kore ai e taea e tō hinu wheua te whakaputa i ngā pūtau toto e ranea ana.
- Ngā Whati Wheua me te Kino o te Kirita: Ka whakamahia pea e ngā taote pokanga ngā whakapiri wheua—he mea hanga mai i te kiko i tukuna mai, ngā pūtau take, me ētahi atu rauemi—hei āwhina i te whakatika i ngā whati kino. Hei tāpiri, kei te haere tonu ngā rangahau mō te whakamahinga o ngā werohanga pūtau take hei whakatika i ngā kirita kua pakaru i roto i ngā hononga, pērā i ngā turi.
Ka whakamahia e ngā tākuta ngā pūtau take o te kukune?
Āe. I ētahi wā ka whakamahia e ngā tākuta ngā pūtau take i ahu mai i ngā toto taura i kohaina hei rongoā i ngā mate toto, inā koa i roto i ngā tamariki. Kei roto i te toto taura ngā pūtau take e rite ana ki ngā pūtau take i roto i te kukune engari kua tīmata kē te motuhake. (Ko te toto taura e pā ana ki te toto e toe ana i roto i te pito me te whenua i muri i te whānautanga o te pēpi.) Ko te maimoatanga pūtau take anake kua whakaaetia e te FDA e taka ana ki raro i te wāhanga i ahu mai i te kukune ko te whakamahinga o te toto taura i kohaina.
Kei hea ngā pūtau take i roto i tōku tinana?
Kei roto i tō tinana ngā pūtau take, ahakoa kei roto i ngā kiko motuhake. Ko te nuinga o te wā kei roto i tō hinu wheua (te pūtake nui rawa atu), te roro, ngā uaua toto, te kiri, ngā uaua, te ate, me te ngākau. Heoi, i a koe e pakeke haere ana, ka heke haere te maha me te whai huatanga o ēnei pūtau take.
He aha ngā āhuatanga noa e pā ana ki ngā pūtau take?
Ko tō hinu wheua—te kiko ngohengohe i roto i ētahi o ō wheua—ka whakaputa i ngā pūtau take ka huri hei toto whero, hei toto mā, hei pereti toto. Ka haria e ngā toto whero te hāora, ka whawhai ngā toto mā ki ngā mate, ā, ka āwhina ngā pereti toto ki te whakahaere i te toto. Nō reira, ko ngā mea katoa e pā ana ki tō hinu wheua ka pā tika ki ngā pūtau take e hanga ana i ō toto. Ko ngā āhuatanga noa e pā ana ki ngā pūtau take ko:
- Te mate toto ngoikore
- Ngā mate myeloproliferative (ngā āhuatanga e nui rawa ai ngā pūtau toto e whakaputaina ana e te hinu wheua)
- Lymphoma (te mate pukupuku o te pūnaha lymphatic, ka pā pea ki te hinu wheua)
- Leukemia (he momo matepukupuku toto e tīmata ana i roto i ngā pūtau take o te hinu wheua)
Me pēhea taku pupuri i te hauora o aku pūtau take?
Ahakoa kāore anō kia whai tikanga kua whakamātauhia hei "whakatairanga" i ngā pūtau take, nā te mea ko tā rātou mahi he mea nui ki ngā ira me te pakeketanga, mā te whai i ngā tikanga hauora whānui ka taea te tautoko ā-kore i ngā pūtau o tō tinana:
- Kai i tētahi kai taurite: Kia arotahi ki ngā pūmua kikokore, ki te nui o ngā huawhenua, ngā hua rākau, me ngā witi katoa. Ko ngā kai whai antioxidants pērā i te purūpere, te rōpere, me ngā rau matomato pouri ka āwhina i te tiaki i a koe mai i te kino o ngā pūtau.
- Āta karohia te momi hikareti me te tupeka: Ko te tupeka te hoariri matua e kino ana i ngā pūtau, e kino ana ki te DNA, ā, e whakanui ana i te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku.
- Whakawhāitihia te inu waipiro: E ai ki ngā aratohu a te American Cancer Society, e taunakihia ana kia kaua e neke atu i te rua ngā inu waipiro a ngā tāne i te rā, ā, kaua hoki e neke atu i te kotahi te inu waipiro a ngā wāhine.
- Tiakina tō kiri: Āta karohia te nui rawa o te pānga ki te hihi ultraviolet (UV) mai i te rā, i ngā moenga tanning rānei, ka kino pea ēnei i ngā pūtau take kiri, ka arahi atu hoki ki te mate pukupuku.
- Kōrero ki tō tākuta mō ngā kano ārai mate: Ko ētahi mate huaketo, pērā i te hepatitis, ka pā kino ki ngā pūtau mō te wā roa.
- Whakahaerehia tō ahotea: He kino te ahotea mau tonu ki ō pūtau. Whakauruhia ngā mahi whakakori tinana pēnei i te whakaaroaro, me te whai wā noa rānei ki te whakangā hei āwhina i te pupuri i ngā taumata ahotea kia mau tonu.
- Whakaritea te moe tika: Ko te moe te wā nui e mahi ai tō tinana i te whakatikatika pūtau.
Ka taea e au te whakanui ake i te maha o ngā pūtau take i roto i te tinana mā te taiao?
Kua pānui pea koe i ētahi huaora (pēnei i te D, i te B12 rānei) me ētahi tāpiringa motuhake ka taea te whakanui ake i te maha o ō pūtau take, te whakapai ake rānei i tō rātou hauora. Ahakoa kei te rangahau kaha ngā kairangahau i ēnei hononga, kāore anō kia whakamātauhia kia tino tika te whakaaro ka whakanui ake te maha o ō pūtau take mā te tango i ētahi huaora, mā te kai rānei i ētahi kai. Ko te huarahi pai ko te pupuri i tētahi kai taurite me tētahi momo noho hauora, hihiko hoki.
He aha te mea nui hei ako māu?
E ai ki tā tātou i kōrero ai, he wāhanga tino whakamiharo, he wāhanga nui hoki o tō tinana ngā pūtau take. Whakaarohia ahakoa he tiriona ngā pūtau o tō tinana, he ahurei ngā pūtau take nā te mea kei a rātou te kaha whakamiharo ki te whakaputa uri tonu me te hanga i ngā pūtau motuhake e hiahiatia ana hei whakatika i ngā kiko kua pakaru.
I ēnei rā, kua whakamahia kētia e ngā tākuta te rongoā pūtau take hei whakahaere, hei whakaora hoki i ngā mate pukupuku toto me ngā mate toto. E tumanako ana ngā kairangahau ka āwhina ēnei pūtau ki te rongoā—tae atu ki te whakaora rānei—i ētahi atu mate kino, pērā i te mate manawa, te mate huka, te mate a Parkinson, me te pararutiki. Kei te tere haere te rangahau i tēnei mara.
Ko tāku tumanako ka hoatu he pūtake pakari ki a koe mō te mārama ki ngā pūtau take. Ko te noho mōhio ki ngā mahi hauora tētahi o ngā huarahi pai ki te tiaki i tō hauora. Nā te mea, ko te mātauranga tō parepare pai rawa atu!
