E mōhio ana koe ki te whakamātautau HIV? Me kōrero taipitopito tātou mō tēnei!

Ina rongo koe i te kupu HIV, tera pea ka mataku koe, ka āwangawanga hoki. Engari he mea tino nui kia mōhio koe ki tēnei mea. Nā te mea, ki te kitea wawe te HIV, he mate ka taea te whakahaere pai, ā, ka taea te ora pai. Nō reira, i tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō te aha te whakamātautau HIV, me pēhea te tiki, me ngā hua.

He aha te HIV? He aha te hiranga o tēnei whakamātautau?

Ki te kī ngāwari, ko te HIV (Huaketo Ārai Mate Tangata) he huaketo e whakaeke ana i te pūnaha ārai mate o roto i tō tātou tinana. He rite tō tātou pūnaha ārai mate ki te ope taua e tiaki ana i tō tātou whenua. Ka whakaeke te huaketo HIV i tēnei ope taua, ā, ka ngoikore. Kātahi ka kore e taea e tō tātou tinana te tu atu ki ngā mate iti noa iho.

Ki te kore e rongoatia tika te mate HIV, ka taea e ia te huri hei AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) . Ka taea e ia te whakamomori i te ora. Heoi, ko te mea pai rawa atu, ahakoa kua pangia koe e te HIV, ki te kitea wawe koe, ā, ka tīmata te maimoatanga, ka taea e koe te noho hauora me te kore e eke ki te wāhanga AIDS. Koia te mea he mea tino nui kia whakamātauria te HIV.

He tino whai hua ngā tikanga whakamātautau HIV o nāianei ki te kite i te huaketo. Nō reira, ki te whakaaro koe kei roto koe i te mōrearea, he pai ake te whakamātau i a koe anō.

He aha ngā momo whakamātautau e wātea ana hei kite i te mate HIV?

E toru ngā momo matua o ngā whakamātautau HIV. Ka whakamahia e ēnei whakamātautau he tauira o tō toto (he uaua, he werohanga maihao rānei) he tauira wai ā-waha rānei. He rerekē tēnei i te huware.

1. Whakamātautau Waikawa Karihi (NAT):

• Ka tirohia tika tēnei mō te aroaro o ngā rauemi ira o te huaketo HIV ('HIV RNA'). Ka ine hoki i te nui o te huaketo i roto i te toto ('viral load').
• He whakamātautau utu nui tēnei, e mahia ana i roto i tētahi taiwhanga nui. Ko te tikanga he tango toto mai i tētahi uaua.

2. Whakamātautau Paturopi/Paturopi:

• Ehara i te huaketo tonu tēnei e pā ana ki, engari ko te urupare a tō tātou tinana ki te huaketo.
• Ko te mea tuatahi hei tirotiro māu ko tētahi mea e kiia nei ko te antigen . Ko te antigen he mea e whakaoho ana i tō tātou pūnaha ārai mate. Mena kei a koe te HIV, me whai mea kei roto i tō toto e kiia nei ko te antigen p24 .
• Muri iho, ka rapua e tātou ngā paturopi HIV . Ka hangaia e tō tātou pūnaha ārai mate ēnei paturopi hei whawhai i te huaketo.
• Ka kitea ngā paturopi i roto i te toto i mua i ngā paturopi.

3. Whakamātautau Paturopi:

• Ka rapua anake e tēnei ngā paturopi HIV.

I te nuinga o te wā, he utu nui te whakamātautau `NAT`, nō reira he onge te whakamahinga hei tirotiro mō te HIV mēnā kāore he tohumate kei a koe. Mēnā he pai tō whakamātautau HIV, ka tono pea tō tākuta i tētahi whakamātautau `NAT` hei tirotiro i tō kawenga huaketo.

Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ki te tirotiro HIV he whakamātautau paturopi, he whakamātautau antigen/antibody rānei. Mena he pai te hua, me whai atu whakamātautau hei whakaū.

Āhea koe me whakamātau i te HIV?

E ai ki te US Preventive Services Task Force, me whakamātauria te hunga katoa i waenga i te 15 me te 65 tau te pakeke mō te HIV i te iti rawa kotahi i roto i ō rātou oranga. Kāore te HIV e puta tonu mai ngā tohu i ngā wāhanga tōmua. Nō reira, ko te whakamātauria anake te huarahi hei mōhio mēnā kei a koe te huaketo. Ki te pērā, ka taea e koe te ārai i te horapa atu ki ētahi atu.

Waihoki, ki te mea he nui tō tūponotanga ki te pangia e te HIV, ki te mea rānei kei te hapu koe, me mahi koe i tēnei whakamātautau.

Ko wai te mea tino mōrearea?

Ka horapa te HIV mā te whakawhitiwhiti wai tinana me te toto i te wā moe tāne. Mēnā ka pāngia koe e ēnei wai mai i tētahi tangata kua pangia e te HIV, ka nui ake tō tūponotanga. Mā te moe tāne me tētahi tangata kua pangia e te HIV me te kore e whakamahi i ngā tikanga tiaki (pērā i ngā ure tāne) ka nui ake tō tūponotanga ki te pangia e te HIV.

Āhea koe me whakamātauhia ai mō te HIV i ngā wā katoa:

• Mena ka moe tāne, wahine, ā-waha rānei koe me tētahi tangata kua pāngia e te HIV, me tētahi rānei kāore i te mōhiotia tōna tūnga HIV.
• Mena he nui atu i te kotahi ō hoa moe tāne, he nui atu rānei i te kotahi ō hoa moe tāne.
• Mena he tāne koe, ā, ka moe tāne koe me ētahi atu tāne (`MSM - Ngā Tāne e moe tāne ana`).
• Mena kei a koe tētahi mate urutā (STI) ehara i te HIV (mēnā kei a koe tētahi atu STI ka nui ake tō tūponotanga ki te pangia e te HIV).
• Ki te tohatoha koe i ngā ngira ki ētahi atu hei wero i ngā raau taero.

Ko te tikanga o te whakamātautau auau ko te kotahi pea i te tau, i te maha atu rānei. E ai ki te CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) me whakamātautau ngā tāne e moe tāne ana i ia 3-6 marama. Pātai atu ki tō tākuta kia hia te auau o te whakamātautau.

Mena ka tukinotia koe i te tahae, he mea nui kia whakamātauria koe mō te HIV i taua wā tonu. Me toro atu hoki koe ki te tākuta, ka tīmata ki te tango i tētahi rongoā HIV, e mōhiotia ana ko te PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis) . Ka taea e tēnei rongoā te āwhina ki te ārai i te HIV. Heoi, me tīmata i roto i ngā haora 72 o te pānga ki te mahi.

He aha te hiranga o te whakamātautau HIV i te wā e hapu ana?

He mea pai kia whakamātauria te HIV i te wā e hapū ana, inā koa i te toru marama tuatahi o te hapūtanga. Nā te mea ka taea te tuku i te HIV mai i te whaea ki te pēpi. Ka taea hoki te tuku mā te waiū ū. Ki te whiwhi koe i te maimoatanga i te wā e hapū ana, ka taea e koe te ārai i te horapa o te huaketo ki tō pēpi.

Mena kei te hapu koe, ā, he nui te tūponotanga ki te pangia e te HIV, he mea pai kia whakamātauria koe kia rua, kia toru rānei ngā wā i a koe e hapu ana.

Kei hea ahau e whiwhi ai i tētahi whakamātautau HIV?

He maha ngā wāhi ka taea e koe te whakamātau (ko ētahi ka taea te mahi i tōu ake kāinga).

• Ka taea e koe te tiki mai i te tari o tō tākuta, i te whare hauora, i te pokapū hauora hapori rānei.
• Ka kitea e koe ngā wāhi e tuku ana i ngā whakamātautau HIV me ētahi atu whakamātautau STI mā te whakauru i tō wāhitau ki te paetukutuku a te CDC (pēnei i te "HIV Testing Sites & Care Services Locator"). He maha o ēnei wāhi e tuku ana i ngā whakamātautau kore utu.
• Mena kei runga ake koe i te 17 tau te pakeke, ka taea e koe te hoko i tētahi kete whakamātautau HIV i te kāinga mai i tētahi whare rongoā, i te ipurangi rānei. Ko te whakamātautau HIV i te kāinga anake kua whakaaetia e te FDA (Food and Drug Administration) i te ao ko te OraQuick® In-Home HIV Test .

Me pēhea te kite i te huaketo i roto i te whakamātautau HIV? He aha te "Wā Matapihi"?

Mā te whakamātautau HIV ka kitea te huaketo HIV i roto i ō toto, i ō wai waha rānei. Tērā pea ko te huaketo tonu, ko te pūmua HIV me ngā paturopi, ko ngā paturopi noa iho rānei. Mēnā he pai tō whakamātautau, me whai whakamātautau anō koe hei whakaū. Mēnā he kino tō whakamātautau, ko te tikanga kāore pea i a koe te huaketo.

Heoi, he mea tino nui kia mōhio koe ki te "wā matapihi" i konei. Ko te wā matapihi te wā i waenganui i te wā e pāngia ana koe e te huaketo me te wā ka taea te kite mā te whakamātautau. Ka rerekē tēnei wā i ia tangata, i ia tangata, ā, i runga anō i te momo whakamātautau. Nō reira, me whakamātau koe i muri i te pahemotanga o tēnei wā matapihi.

• Whakamātautau waikawa karihi (NAT): Koinei te wā matapihi poto rawa atu. Ka taea te whakaatu mēnā kei a koe te mate HIV i waenga i te 10 me te 33 rā i muri i te pānga.
• Ngā whakamātautau paturopi/paturopi: Ka taea te kite i te mate i waenga i te 18 me te 45 ngā rā i muri i te pānga (whakamātautau toto) i waenga rānei i te 18 me te 90 ngā rā (whakamātautau matihao).
• Ngā whakamātautau paturopi (ngā whakamātautau tino tere me ngā whakamātautau kāinga): Ka taea te kite i te mate i waenga i te 23 me te 90 ngā rā i muri i te pānga.

Mena he kino te hua o tō whakamātautau, engari e whakaaro ana koe kua pāngia koe e te mate, me whakamātau anō koe i muri i te mutunga o te wā matapihi.

Me whakarite koe i mua i te whakamātautau?

Kāore he whakaritenga motuhake e hiahiatia ana mō ngā whakamātautau toto. Heoi, mō ngā whakamātautau kāinga e whakamahi ana i ngā wai ā-waha, ka tohutohu pea kia kaua e kai, e inu rānei mō te 30 meneti i mua i te whakamātautau. Me whai i ngā tohutohu kei runga i te kete.

He aha ngā mea ka tupu i te wā o te whakamātautau?

Ka rerekē tēnei i runga i te momo whakamātautau e mahia ana e koe me te wāhi e mahia ai.

Ngā whakamātautau HIV i mahia i roto i te taiwhanga

Ko te nuinga o ngā whakamātautau HIV ka tangohia ō toto e te tohunga hauora ka tukuna ki te taiwhanga. Ka taea ēnei te mahi i te tari o tō tākuta, i te whare hauora rānei. Mena he pai te hua o te whakamātautau, ka mahi anō tō tākuta i ētahi atu whakamātautau hei whakaū. E taunaki ana te CDC i te raupapa whakamātautau HIV e whai ake nei:

1. Whakamātautau tuatahi: Whakamātautau paturopi/antibodies hei tirotiro mō te HIV antigen p24 me ngā paturopi HIV. Mena he pai tō hua, me whai whakamātautau tuarua hei whakaū i te hua.

2. Whakamātautau tuarua: He whakamātautau paturopi hei rapu paturopi ki ngā momo HIV e rua, arā, te HIV-1 me te HIV-2. Mēnā he pai anō te hua tuarua, kua whakaūtia kei a koe te HIV. Mēnā kāore i te tino mārama ngā hua, me mahi he whakamātautau tuatoru.

3. Whakamātautau tuatoru: He whakamātautau `NAT` hei tirotiro mēnā he HIV kei roto i ō toto.

E tata ana ki te 100% te whai huatanga o tēnei huinga o ngā whakamātautau ki te kite i te mate HIV.

Ngā whakamātautau HIV tere

Ka rapua e ēnei whakamātautau ngā paturopi HIV i roto i tō toto, i tō wai waha rānei. Tērā anō hoki he whakamātautau tere mō te antigen/paturopi HIV. Ka taea tēnei mā te tango tauira toto mai i tētahi uaua, mā te wero i te matimati, mā te ūkui rānei i roto i te waha e te tohunga hauora.

Ka taea e ētahi whakamātautau tere te whakaputa hua i roto i te 5 meneti noa iho. Engari kia mahara, he hua tuatahi noa iho ēnei. Mena he pai tō hua, me toro atu koe ki tō tākuta mō ētahi atu whakamātautau i mua i te mōhio ki tō tūnga HIV tuturu.

Ngā whakamātautau HIV i te kāinga

Ko te OraQuick® anake te whakamātautau kāinga kua whakaaetia e te FDA. He whakamātautau tere HIV tēnei e rapu ana i ngā paturopi HIV. Hei whakamahi, ka tangohia he tauira o te wai o tō waha mā te mirimiri i tō waha o runga me raro. Kātahi ka whakanohoia te mirimiri ki roto i tētahi ipu iti. Ka whakaatuhia he hua pai, he hua kino rānei (he rite ki te whakamātautau haputanga). Ka kitea ngā hua i roto i te 20 ki te 40 meneti.

Mena he pai ngā hua, me whakahaere ētahi atu whakamātautau hei whakaū.

He mōrearea kei roto i tēnei whakamātautau?

Kāore he mōrearea nui ki te whakamātautau HIV. Tērā pea ka pāngia koe e te mamae ina tangohia te toto, ina tangohia rānei he pata toto mai i tō maihao, koinā anake.

Kia pēhea te roa ka puta ai ngā hua?

Ka rerekē te roa o te wā e hiahiatia ana kia puta mai ō hua i runga i te momo whakamātautau. Ko ētahi whakamātautau tere, pērā i ngā whakamātautau antigen/antibody me te antibody, ka puta mai ngā hua i roto i te iti iho i te 20 meneti. Ko te whakamātautau `NAT` te wā matapihi poto rawa atu mō te kite i te HIV i muri i te pānga. Heoi, ka roa pea te wā e puta mai ai ngā hua. Ka roa pea ngā rā e puta mai ai ngā hua o te whakamātautau `NAT`.

He aha tā ngā hua e kī ana?

Ka taea e ngā hua whakamātautau te noho kino , te noho pai rānei.

• He hua kinoKo te tikanga o tēnei, kāore i kitea he tohu o te huaketo i roto i te whakamātautau. Tērā pea kāore koe i te pangia e te HIV, kua roa rawa rānei koe e pāngia ana e te HIV (i roto i te wā matapihi) kia kore ai e kitea te huaketo.
• Ko te hua pai he tohu kua kitea e te whakamātautau ētahi tohu o te huaketo. Tērā pea he HIV tōu, he hiahia rānei kia nui ake ngā whakamātautau hei whakaū i ngā hua.

Me aha ahau mēnā he kino taku hua?

Mena he kino tō whakamātautau tuatahi, engari ki tō whakaaro kua pāngia koe e te HIV (arā, mēnā i whakamātauhia koe i roto i te wā matapihi), me mahi anō i te whakamātautau tuarua i muri i te mutunga o te wā matapihi. Mā te whakamātautau tuarua ka whakaū i tō hua kino.

Ahakoa kāore he hua o te whakamātautau, he mea nui kia tiakina koe ā muri ake nei. Kōrero ki tō tākuta mō te tika o te PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) māu. Ko te 'PrEP' he pire e tangohia ana e koe i ia rā. Ka taea e ia te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te pangia e te HIV mai i te taatai ​​mā te 99%. Mō te hunga e wero ana i ngā raau taero, ka whakaitihia te mōrearea mā te 74%. Mena kāore koe i te HIV, ā, he HIV pai tō hoa, he mea nui kia tika te whakamahi i te 'PrEP'.

Ahakoa ka tangohia e koe te 'PrEP', he pai tonu te whakamahi i te ure tākihi hei tiaki i a koe mai i te HIV me ētahi atu 'STI'.

Me aha ahau mēnā he pai taku hua?

Ki te puta he hua pai mai i tētahi whakamātautau, me whai whakamātautau anō koe me tō tākuta kia tino mōhio ai koe he pono. Kia oti te tātaritanga i a koe, ka mahi tahi kōrua ko tō tākuta ki te whakawhanake i tētahi mahere maimoatanga. Mā tō tākuta e whakatau te tawhiti o te horapa o tō HIV, ā, ka tohua he rongoā hei āwhina i te whakahaere. Ko te maimoatanga mō te HIV e kiia ana ko te rongoā antiretroviral (ART) . Ka āwhina tēnei maimoatanga i tō tinana ki te whawhai i te huaketo, ā, ka ārai i tōna whanaketanga ki te AIDS. He tino kaha ngā rongoā hou e wātea ana. Ki te whakamahia tika, me te auau hoki, ka taea e koe te ārai i te kino haere o te mate, me te noho ora.

Me kōrero anō hoki koe ki tō hoa moepuku mō tō mate. Mena kua moe tāne koe me te wahine, tera pea kua pangia rātou e te huaketo mai i a koe. Me whakamātauria hoki rātou.

He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā whakamātautau HIV-1 me te HIV-2?

E rua ngā momo HIV: ko te HIV-1 me te HIV-2. Mā ētahi whakamātautau paturopi ka kitea mēnā kei roto i tō toto te HIV-1, te HIV-2, ngā mea e rua rānei. Ko te HIV-1 te momo HIV tino noa. He ngāwari ake hoki te horapa atu i te HIV-2.

Hei whakamutunga, me kī atu ahau... (Karere hei tango ki te kāinga)

He mea noa te mataku i te whakaaro mō te whakamātautau HIV. Heoi, he mea tika kia mōhio koe ki tō hauora me te tiaki i te hunga e arohaina ana e koe.

• Me whakamātau koe i te HIV i te iti rawa i te kotahi i roto i tō oranga.Mena he nui tō mōrearea, me mahi pinepine atu.
• Kia tūpato ki te wā matapihi. Whakamātauria te whakamātautau i muri i te pahemotanga o taua wā.
• Ki te pai te hua, kaua e mataku. Mā te maimoatanga matatau e wātea ana i ēnei rā (ART), ka taea e koe te ora hauora, harikoa me te HIV.
• Tērā tetahi hei āwhina i a koe. Kōrerohia tēnei ki ō hoa, ki tō whānau, ki tētahi kaitohutohu rānei e whakawhirinaki ana koe.

He mate hauora noa iho te HIV. Mēnā ka kitea wawetia, ā, ka whakahaerea tika, kāore he mea hei aukati i a koe ki te whakatutuki i ō moemoeā. Kia mataara tātou, kia ora tātou!

` HIV, whakamātautau HIV, AIDS, hauora ā-ira tangata, pūnaha ārai mate, NAT, whakamātautau paturopi antigen, PrEP