He aha rawa te whakamātautau A1C e whakaatu ana i ngā taumata huka o tō toto? Me kōrero tātou mō tēnei!

Kua rongo pea koe i ngā tākuta e kī ana, "Me whakamātautau koe i te A1C." Ki te mea rānei he mate huka tō tētahi o tō whānau, kua rongo pea koe mō tēnei whakamātautau A1C. He aha rawa tēnei whakamātautau A1C? He aha tā tātou e ako ai i tēnei? I tēnei rā, ka kōrero tātou mō tēnei whakamātautau A1C i roto i tētahi huarahi māmā e mārama ai koe.

He aha te whakamātautau A1C?

He whakarāpopototanga noa iho, ko te whakamātautau A1C he whakamātautau e ine ana i tō taumata huka toto, arā, te "Kurukose" rānei, i roto i ngā marama e toru kua pahure ake nei. Ka tukuna ngā hua hei ōrau. Ka teitei ake te ōrau, ka teitei ake ngā taumata huka toto.

He maha ngā take matua e whakamahia ai te whakamātautau A1C e ngā tākuta:

• Tāutuhia te wāhanga i mua i te mate huka (`(Preddiabetes)`). Arā, he wāhanga e tata ana ki te whanaketanga o te mate huka.
• Kia mōhio koe mēnā he mate huka momo 2 tōu.
• Mena he mate huka momo 2, he mate huka momo 1 rānei tōu, he mea nui kia mārama koe ki te pai o te mahi a tō mahere maimoatanga. Ka taea e tō taumata A1C te āwhina i a koe me tō tākuta ki te whakatau mēnā me huri koe i tō mahere maimoatanga.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i te whakamātautau A1C?

E rua ngā huarahi e whakamātautau ai ngā tākuta i te A1C:

• I te nuinga o te wā, ka tangohia he toto iti mai i te uaua ka tukuna ki te taiwhanga hei whakamātautau. Koinei te tikanga tino noa. Ka kiia tēnei he "Phlebotomist" e tango toto ana.
• Ko tētahi atu tikanga ko te tango i tētahi pata toto mai i tō matimati ka whakamātautau. Mā tēnei ka puta ngā hua i roto i ētahi meneti. Heoi, ka whakamahia noa tēnei tikanga hei tirotiro i te haere o tō maimoatanga, kāore hoki e whakamahia hei tātaritanga i tētahi mate hou.

He nui ake te tika o te whakamātautau mā te whakamahi i te uaua i te whakamātautau wero i te matihao.

He aha ētahi atu ingoa mō te whakamātautau A1C?

He maha atu anō ngā ingoa mō tēnei whakamātautau A1C. Tērā pea ka rongo koe i ēnei ingoa:

• Hemoglobin A1C `(Hemoglobin A1C)`
• HbA1c `(HbA1c)`
• Hemoglobin glycated
• Whakamātautau huka toto `(Whakamātautau huka toto)`

He aha te huka toto (Glucose)?

Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whiwhi te tinana i tēnei "(Glucose)" mai i ngā warowaihā i roto i ngā kai e kainga ana e tātou. Koinei te puna matua o te pūngao mō ngā pūtau o te tinana. Ka haria e ō tātou toto tēnei "(Glucose)" ki ngā pūtau puta noa i te tinana.

He maha ngā tukanga i roto i ō tātou tinana e āwhina ana ki te pupuri i ngā taumata huka toto i roto i tētahi awhe. Ko te mahi nui rawa atu i roto i tēnei ko te homoni "Insulin", e hangaia ana e tō tātou repe taiaki.

Mena he teitei tonu ō taumata huka toto (hyperglycemia), ko te tikanga he teitei anō hoki tō A1C, he tohu tēnei he mate huka koe. Ka puta te mate huka ina kore e nui te insulin e hangaia e te repe taiaki, ina kore rānei e nui te insulin e hangaia ana e ia, ina kore rānei e taea e te tinana te whakamahi tika i te insulin.

Āhea ahau e hiahia ai ki te whakamātautau A1C?

Mena he mate huka tōu, me whakamātautau koe i te A1C kia rua ngā wā i te tau kia kitea ai te pai o te mahi a tō mahere maimoatanga. Mā tō tākuta koe e kī atu kia hia te auau o tēnei mahi.

Mena kāore anō kia kitea he mate huka koe, engari kei a koe ngā tohu e whai ake nei, ka taea e te tākuta te tono i tētahi whakamātautau A1C:

• Te matewai nui tonu (`(Polydipsia)`)
• Te mimi nui rawa
• Te tirohanga pōuri
• Te ngenge tonu (`(Te ngenge)`)

Ka taea hoki e koe te whakamātautau A1C hei tirotiro mēnā kei te mōrearea koe ki te whakawhanake i te mate huka momo 2. Ko ngā āhuatanga mōrearea ko:

• He mema whānau tō te whānau e pāngia ana e te mate huka momo 2.
• Mena kua pāngia koe e te mate huka hapūtanga i mua.
• Te momonatanga.
• Te kore o te korikori tinana, te kore rānei o te whakakori tinana.
• Neke atu i te 35 tau te pakeke.

Me pēhea te tatau i te A1C?

Ko te whakamātautau A1C e hangai ana ki tētahi mea e kiia nei ko te hemoglobin . Ko te hemoglobin te wāhanga o ō tātou toto whero e kawe ana i te hāora puta noa i te tinana. Ina he hukahuka kei roto i ō toto, ka piri ki tēnei hemoglobin. Ka kiia tēnei ko te glycation . Ka nui ake te hukahuka i roto i ō toto, ka nui ake te piri. Ā, ka roa pea tēnei piri mō te toru marama pea – arā, ko te roanga o te ora o te toto whero.

Ka ine te whakamātautau A1C i te nui o te huka toto e piri ana ki te hemoglobin i roto i te wā. Nā te mea ka ine i ngā taumata huka toto i roto i te wā, ka taea e te whakamātautau A1C te kōrero mai ki a tātou mō tō hauora i te whakamātautau huka toto kotahi.

Me nohopuku ahau i mua i te whakamātautau A1C?

Kāo. Kāore koe e hiahia ki te nohopuku i mua i te whakamātautau A1C.

He aha ngā mea ka tupu ina whakahaerehia he whakamātautau A1C?

Anei ngā mea ka taea e koe te tumanako mai i tētahi whakamātautau A1C, arā, ko te tango toto mai i tētahi uaua:

• I a koe e noho ana i runga i te tūru, ka rapu te tohunga toto (te tangata e tango toto ana) i tētahi uaua i roto i tō ringa e ngāwari ana te tango toto mai. I te nuinga o te wā, ka tangohia te toto mai i roto i tō ringa, i muri tonu i tō tuke.
• Kia kitea he uaua, ka horoia te wāhi, ka patua hoki he huakita.
• Kātahi ka werohia he ngira iti ki roto i te uaua, ā, ka tangohia he tauira toto. Tērā pea ka rite ki te werohanga iti.
• Whai muri i te werohanga o te ngira, ka kohia he iti toto ki roto i tētahi ngongo whakamātautau.
• Kia nui te toto kua kohia mō te whakamātautau, ka tangohia te ngira, ā, ka mutu te toto mā te pēhi i te wāhi ki te miro, ki te tauera rānei.
• Hei whakamutunga, whakatakotoria he pāreti ki te wāhi i pakaru, ā, kua oti.

I te wā o te whakamātautau A1C, mā te tango toto mai i te maihao, ka puta ngā mea e whai ake nei:

• Ka pātai te tākuta ki a koe ko tēhea maihao hei tango toto.
• Ka murua ō matimati ki te waipiro, ā, ka werohia he ngira iti ki te "Lancet" (kei roto i tētahi taputapu kirihou iti tēnei i te nuinga o te wā).
• Ka pēhia e rātou te pito o tō matihao, ka tangohia mai he pata toto, ka kohia ki roto i tētahi ipu kirihou iti.
• Kia nui te toto e tangohia ana mō te whakamātautau, ka hoatu he miro, he tauera rānei ki a koe hei pupuri i tō matihao hei whakamutu i te toto.
• I te nuinga o te wā ka puta ngā hua i roto i ētahi meneti.

He aha ngā tūponotanga kei roto i te whakamātautau A1C?

He wāhanga tino noa, he wāhanga nui hoki o ngā whakamātautau hauora ngā whakamātautau toto. He tino iti ngā mōrearea o ngā momo whakamātautau A1C e rua. Tērā pea ka pāngia koe e te marō, e te mamae rānei i te wāhi e tangohia ana te toto, i te wāhi rānei i werohia ai tō maihao, engari ka tere te ora.

He aha te tikanga o taku uara A1C?

Ko ngā hua o te whakamātautau A1C ka hoatuhia hei ōrau. Mā tēnei tau ka whakaatu ki a koe te nui o te pūmua hemoglobin kua glycated, arā, kua piri ki te huka. Ko te teitei ake o te ōrau, ko te teitei ake o ngā taumata huka toto i roto i ngā marama kua pahure ake nei.

Ko ngā taumata A1C mō te tātaritanga koia ēnei:

• Mena he iti iho i te 5.7%, ko te tikanga kāore he mate huka i a koe. (Taumata hauora)
• Mena kei waenganui i te 5.7% me te 6.4%, ka kiia he mate huka. Ko te tikanga kua tata te whanaketanga o te mate huka.
• Ko te taumata 6.5%, neke atu rānei , he tohu ia mō te mate huka momo 2 (`(Momo Mate Huka 2)`) te mate huka momo 1 rānei (`(Momo Mate Huka 1)`).

Mena kei a koe te mate huka, ka whakaatuhia e tō hua A1C te pai o te mahi a tō mahere maimoatanga i ngā marama e toru kua pahure ake nei. Tērā pea kei roto i tēnei maimoatanga ngā pire, ngā werohanga insulin, ngā whakamātautau huka toto auau, me ngā huringa āhua noho (pēnei i te kai me te whakakori tinana). I runga i te uara o tō A1C, ka taea e koe me tō tākuta te whakatau mēnā me huri koe i tō mahere maimoatanga.

Ko te mea nui kia maumahara ko tō A1C (mēnā he mate huka tōu) he toharite noa iho o ō taumata huka toto i roto i ngā marama maha. Ehara i te tohu mō tō hauora, ehara hoki i te whakatau whakamutunga mō te oranga hauora o tō tinana. Kia maumahara ka taea e tō A1C te huri puta noa i tō oranga, ā, he mea anō ka taea e koe te mahi hei whakahaere i tō mate huka me te whakapai ake i ō taumata A1C, mēnā e tika ana.

He aha te A1C me te huka toto noa i whakatauhia (eAG)?

Ka hoatu e ētahi taiwhanga ngā hua A1C hei ōrau, ā, ko te mea e rite anaKa hoatu hoki te uara toharite o te huka toto (eAG) i whakatauhia.

Mā te tātaitanga `(eAG)` ka hurihia te ōrau A1C ki ngā waeine ōrite (miramira ia teririta - mg/dL, mirimiora rānei ia rita - mmol/L) e whakamahia ana e koe me tō mita huka toto kāinga. Pērā i te toharite o tō A1C, he uara kotahi te `(eAG)` e whakaatu ana i tō taumata huka toto toharite i ngā marama e toru kua hipa.

Hei tauira, ko te A1C o te 7% he rite ki te `(eAG)` 154 mg/dL (8.6 mmol/L). Ko te A1C o te 9% he rite ki te `(eAG)` 212 mg/dL (11.8 mmol/L).

He aha te uara A1C noa?

Mō te tangata kāore he mate huka, he iti iho i te 5.7% te uara A1C noa.

Ko te mea e kiia ana he "noa" me te mea hauora mō te hunga mate huka , e whakawhirinaki ana ki ō whāinga me tō urunga atu ki ngā rongoā me ngā taputapu whakahaere mate huka. Ka mahi tahi kōrua ko tō tākuta ki te whakatau i te awhe A1C e hiahiatia ana. Tērā pea ka rerekē tēnei puta noa i tō oranga.

I te nuinga o te wā, e taunaki ana te American Diabetes Association kia whai te nuinga o ngā pakeke mate huka kia 7%, kia iti iho rānei te A1C .

Tērā pea ka nui ake tō whāinga A1C i te 7% i roto i ēnei āhuatanga:

• Mena he iti te roa o te oranga.
• Mena he maha ngā wā ka pāngia koe e te huka toto tino iti (`(Hypoglycemia)`) kāore rānei koe i te mōhio ki aua wā (`(Hypoglycemia unawareness)`).
• Mena he nui ngā raruraru kino kei a koe mai i te mate huka (pēnei i te mate tākihi mau tonu, te kino o te io, te mate pūnaha manawa rānei).

I tētahi atu taha, mō ngā wāhine e pāngia ana e te mate huka momo 1 i te wā e hapu ana, ko te tikanga ka tūtohu ngā tākuta kia mau tonu ngā taumata A1C ki te 6.5%, ki raro iho rānei i te wā e hapu ana. Ka mahia tēnei hei whakaiti i ngā tūponotanga hauora ki te kukune me te ārai i te tipu nui rawa o te kukune (fetal macrosomia).

He aha te taumata morearea o te A1C?

I te pikinga ake o tō taumata A1C, ina koa ka noho teitei mō ngā tau maha, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka pāngia koe e ngā raruraru pēnei i:

• Ngā mate kanohi (`(Retinopathy)`)
• Ngā raruraru whatukuhu (`(Nephropathy)`)
• Neuropati
• Te ngoikore o te puku (Gastroparesis)
• Mate ngakau
• Whiu

Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau ka taea e te hunga mate huka te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te whakawhanake i ngā raruraru mate huka mā te pupuri i ngā taumata A1C i raro i te 7% .

Engari kia maumahara, ko ētahi atu āhuatanga, pērā i ngā āhuatanga ira me te roa o te wā e pāngia ana koe e te mate huka, ka pā pea ki te whanaketanga o ngā raruraru mate huka.

He tino tika te whakamātautau A1C?

Ka pā pea ētahi āhuatanga ki te tika o ngā whakamātautau A1C, tae atu ki:

• Ngā āhuatanga ira, hei tauira, ngā rerekētanga o te hemoglobin
• Ētahi atu āhuatanga hauora
• Ko ētahi rongoā me ngā tāpiringa kai
• Ngā hapa i te wā e kohia ana, e kawe ana, e tukatuka ana rānei i ngā tauira hei whakamātautau

Ka taea e ēnei āhuatanga te mea he 'iti rawa', he 'teitei rawa' rānei tō hua. He maha o ēnei āhuatanga e puta mai ana i ngā rerekētanga o te roanga o te ora me te hauora o ō toto whero.

Ngā Rerekētanga Hemoglobin me ngā Hua A1C

Ka pāngia pea ngā hua o ētahi whakamātautau A1C e ngā rerekētanga o te hemoglobin.

Ko te momo hemoglobin i roto i ō toto ka whakatauhia e ngā mea i riro mai i a koe i ō ira. He rerekē ngā momo. Ko te mea tino noa ko te hemoglobin A. Ko ētahi atu momo hemoglobin, kāore i te tino noa, ka kiia he momo hemoglobin.

Kāore te whai momo hemoglobin e whakanui ake i te tūponotanga o te mate huka, engari ka pā ki ngā hua A1C. He rerekē ngā huarahi o ngā taiwhanga ki te whakamātautau i te A1C ki te toto me te momo hemoglobin.

Ko ētahi o ngā momo e kitea whānuitia ana ko:

• Te āhua o te Hemoglobin C : He mea tino kitea tēnei i waenga i te hunga mangu, te hunga nō te taha Hauāuru o Āwherika, me te hunga nō Amerika ki te Tonga me Amerika Waenganui, te Karipiana, me Ūropi.
• Te āhua o te Hemoglobin D : He mea noa tēnei i waenga i te hunga e noho ana i Haina, Īnia, Turkey, Brazil, me ētahi wāhanga o Ūropi.
• Te āhuatanga o te Hemoglobin E : He mea noa tēnei i waenga i ngā Amerikana Āhia, inā koa ko te hunga nō te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia.
• Te āhuatanga o te Hemoglobin S : He mea noa ake tēnei i waenga i ngā tāngata mangu me ngā tāngata Hispanic o Amerika.

Mā te whakamātautau toto ka taea te tautuhi i ngā rerekētanga o te hemoglobin. Ki te whakaaro koe he rerekētanga hemoglobin tōu ka pā ki ō hua A1C, kōrero ki tō tākuta.

Ngā take e iti iho ai tō A1C i tōna āhua tuturu

Ka taea e ēnei āhuatanga te whakaiti i te hua o tō whakamātautau A1C i tō taumata tuturu:

• Mate whakamahi waipiro (`(Mate whakamahi waipiro)`)
• Te whakawhiti toto
• Te ngoikore o te whatukuhu mau tonu (`(Te ngoikore o te whatukuhu mau tonu)`)
• Ngā kaihoko whakaohooho Erythropoietin (ESA)
• Te toto nui rawa (`(Te toto)`)
• Te noho i te teitei
• Te tango i ngā tāpiringa rino
• Te mate ate ('(Te mate ate)')
• Te haputanga
• Te mate toto pūtau hāripiri (`(Te mate toto pūtau hāripiri)`)
• Te Spherocytosis me te anemia hemolytic (`(Te Spherocytosis me te anemia hemolytic)`)

Ngā take e teitei ake ai ngā uara A1C i tō rātou āhua tūturu

Ka taea e ēnei āhuatanga te whakanui ake i te hua o tō whakamātautau A1C i tōna āhua tūturu:

• Ko te mate kore toto, hei tauira ko te mate kore toto mō te kore rino, te mate kore toto i puta mai i te mate urutā, te mate kore toto rānei i puta mai i te mate pukupuku.
• Ko ētahi rongoā, pērā i ngā rongoā ārai mate me ngā aukati protease.
• Te pikinga o ngā triglycerides i roto i te toto (`(Hypertriglyceridemia)`)
• Te whakawhitinga okana
• Thalassemia (`(Thalassemia)`)
• Te korenga o te huaora B12 (`(Te korenga o te huaora B12)`)

Ka taea te rongoā i te mate huka ahakoa he tiketike ngā taumata A1C?

Āe, ka taea e koe. Ahakoa he nui tō A1C (neke atu i te 6.5%), ehara i te mea he mate huka koe. Ko ētahi rongoā, pērā i ngā steroids, me ētahi atu āhuatanga, pērā i te mate, ka taea te whakanui ake i ō taumata huka toto mō te wā poto. Ko ētahi atu āhuatanga, pērā i te anemia, ka taea te whakaatu i tō hua A1C kia teitei ake i tōna āhua tūturu. Tērā pea he hē te whakamātautau.

He maha ngā whakamātautau e whakamahia ana e ngā tākuta hei tātaritanga i te mate huka. Hei tauira, ka tonoa pea koe kia whakamātauria he whakamātautau huka toto nohopuku, he whakamātautau A1C rānei. Heoi, ka arotakehia e tō tākuta ō hua, ā, ka kōrerohia ki a koe.

He tika te kōrero a te A1C mō te whakahaere i te mate huka?

Mō ngā tekau tau, kua whakamahia e ngā tākuta me ngā tāngata mate huka te whakamātautau A1C hei ine i te pai o te mahi a tā rātou maimoatanga.

Heoi, mō te hunga mate huka momo 1, ka rerekē haere ngā taumata huka toto i roto i ngā rā, i ngā wiki, me ngā marama. Nō reira, ko te A1C e ahu mai ana i te toharite, ā, kāore i te homai i ngā wā katoa he pikitia tika mō te whakahaere.

Hei tauira, whakaarohia tēnei: ​​Kei te piki haere tonu te taumata huka toto o tētahi, engari ko tōna A1C pea he 7%. Ko te taumata huka toto o tētahi atu kei te tata tonu ki te 154 mg/dL, ā, ko tōna A1C pea he 7%.

Nō nā tata nei, nā te whakaurunga mai o ngā taputapu aroturuki huka tonu (CGM) , kua kitea e ngā tākuta me ngā tāngata mate huka he pai ake te whakamahi i te Wā i roto i te Awhe (TIR) ​​hei whakaatu i te whakahaere mate huka.

Ko te TIR te roanga o te wā e noho ana tō taumata huka toto i roto i te awhe whāinga kua tūtohutia. Ka inehia te TIR hei ōrau. Ka rerekē pea ngā awhe whāinga huka toto i ia tangata, i ia tangata, engari ko te awhe whāinga noa kei waenga i te 70 me te 180 mg/dL. Mō te nuinga o ngā pakeke he mate huka momo 1, momo 2 rānei, ka tūtohu ngā tākuta kia ngana ki te pupuri i te TIR ki runga ake i te 70% (tata ki te 17 hāora i roto i te rā 24-hāora).

Mā te `(CGM)` me te `(TIR)`, ka taea e ngā tākuta me ngā tāngata mate huka te kite i te auau o te teitei, te iti rānei o ō rātou taumata huka toto. Mā tēnei ka āwhina i a rātou ki te whakarite tika ake i ā rātou tikanga maimoatanga.

Hei whakamutunga, me kī atu koe...

Ka pāpouri pea ina kore ō hua A1C e rite ki te tumanako, e teitei ake rānei i te tumanako. Engari kia maumahara, ko te A1C teitei ehara i te mea he mate huka koe. He maha ngā āhuatanga ka hē ai ngā hua. Mā tō tākuta koe e kī atu mēnā me nui ake ngā whakamātautau e hiahiatia ana. Kaua e wehi ki te pātai ki tō tākuta. Kei reira rātou hei āwhina i a koe.

Mena he mate huka tōu, he mea nui kia mahara ko tō A1C he toharite rangitahi noa iho o ō taumata huka toto. Tērā ētahi mea ka taea e koe te mahi hei whakapai ake i ō taumata A1C. Mena kei te pōuri koe mō te whakahaere i tō mate huka, kōrero ki tō tākuta. Ka taea e kōrua te waihanga tahi i tētahi mahere hei whakahaere i tō mate huka me te whakatutuki i ō whāinga A1C.

` A1C, HbA1c, mate huka, huka toto, hukahuka, hemoglobin, whakamātautau mate huka