Kua kite koe kua nui haere te mole i runga i tō kiri, ā, kua rerekē te tae? Kua kite ohorere rānei koe i tētahi ira pango hou kāore i kitea i mua? I te nuinga o te wā, he ira noa iho ēnei. Heoi, i ētahi wā onge, ko ēnei huringa iti te tohu tuatahi o tētahi mate kino kāore e tika kia warewarehia. Koia mātou ka kōrero ai i tēnei rā mō tētahi kaupapa tino nui. Arā, ko te melanoma, he momo mate pukupuku kiri. Kaua e mataku ina rongo koe i tēnei ingoa. Ki te mōhio tika tātou ki tēnei, ka taea e tātou te tiaki i a tātou anō mai i tēnei mate, te kite wawe me te rongoā.
He aha te melanoma?
Ko te melanoma te momo mate pukupuku kiri tino morearea, tino kino hoki . Ko tōna tikanga he "pūpū pango." Ka puta mai tēnei mate pukupuku i ngā pūtau e kiia nei ko ngā melanocytes, arā, ngā pūtau e homai ana i te tae ki tō tātou kiri. Ka whakaputahia e ēnei pūtau he tae e kiia nei ko te melanin. Ko tēnei tae melanin te mea e whakatau ana i te tae o tō tātou kiri, o ō tātou makawe, me ō tātou kanohi.
Ko te tikanga he mangu, he parauri rānei te āhua o te melanoma, engari i ētahi wā ka kitea he māwhero, he whero, he papura, he tae kiri rānei.
Whakaarohia, tata ki te 30% o ngā melanoma ka puta mai i tētahi tohu whānau kei roto i tō tātou tinana. Ko te tikanga ka huri te tohu whānau hei matepukupuku. Engari ko te mea tino mōrearea ko te 70% o ngā melanoma ka puta mai i tētahi mole hou i runga i te kiri noa kāore anō kia puta he tohu whānau i mua. Koia te take me tino tupato tātou ki ngā mole hou i runga i tō tātou tinana.
Ka tere rawa te tipu o tēnei mate pukupuku, ka horapa ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana (metastasis). Nō reira, ko te kitenga wawe te rerekētanga i waenga i te ora me te mate. Engari ko te rongo pai , ki te kitea wawe, ka taea te whakaora i roto i te 99% o ngā take .
He pēhea te noa o te mate melanoma? Ko wai te hunga tino mōrearea?
Ahakoa kotahi ōrau noa iho o ngā mate pukupuku kiri katoa o te ao e pā ana ki te melanoma, koinei te take o te nui rawa o ngā mate mai i te mate pukupuku kiri. He mea noa iho tēnei i waenga i ngā taiohi kei raro iho i te 30 tau te pakeke, ā, he nui ake te kitea i waenga i ngā wāhine taitamariki .
Kua tino piki ake te maha o ngā keehi melanoma puta noa i te ao i roto i ngā tau 30 kua pahure ake nei. Ko te take matua o tēnei ko te pikinga ake o te pānga ki ngā hihi ultraviolet (UV) mai i te rā. I a tātou e noho ana i tētahi whenua e kaha ana te rā pēnei i a tātou, me whakaaroaro anō tātou mō tēnei.
Ka taea e te mate pukupuku kiri te whanake i ngā wāhi katoa o tō tinana. Ka taea te whanake i roto i ngā kanohi, i ngā whekau rānei o roto. He nui ake te tūponotanga ka pāngia ngā tāne e te mate pukupuku kiri i te uma, te puku, me te tuara o runga (te tinana), ko ngā wāhine ia he nui ake te tūponotanga ka pāngia e te mate pukupuku kiri i ō rātou waewae.
Me pēhea te mōhio ki te melanoma? Kia maumahara ki te ture "ABCDE"!
E ai ki te kōrero i mua ake nei, he mea tino nui kia mōhio wawe tātou ki tēnei. He huarahi tino māmā hei āwhina i a tātou ki tēnā. Ko te ture "ABCDE" te ingoa. Me tirotiro tonu mēnā he ira, he tohu whānau rānei kei tō kiri e whakaatu ana i ēnei āhuatanga.
| Reta | Te tikanga | Ngā mea me tūpato koe |
|---|---|---|
| A - Te kore ōrite | Te kore taurite | Ki te wehea te ira kia rua, kāore tetahi taha e rite ki tetahi. He rerekē te āhua. |
| B - Rohe | Tapa | Kāore i te mārama te taha o te ira. He taratara, he pūkepuke, he āhua rānei kua uru ki roto i ētahi wāhi. |
| C - Tae | Tae | Kāore te tae o te ira i te ōrite katoa. He rite ki te ranunga o ngā tae pēnei i te parauri, te mangu, te hina, te whero, me te mā. |
| D - Diameter | Diameter | Ko te whānui o te ira he nui atu i te 6 mirimita (he rite te rahi ki te ūkui i tērā taha o te pene). |
| E - Te Whanaketanga | Huri | Ka rerekē te rahi, te āhua, te tae rānei o te ira i roto i te wā. E pā ana hoki tēnei ki ngā ira hou e puta mai ana. |
Ko te mea nui, kāore ētahi melanoma e tau ki tēnei ture "ABCDE". Nō reira, me kōrero tonu ki tō tākuta mēnā ka kite koe i tētahi mate pukupuku kāore e ora, he puku rerekē, he huringa rānei ki tō kiri, ki tētahi tohu whānau rānei.
Ko tētahi atu mea ko te "Tohu Tāki Kino." Arā, ki te mea he ira kei tō tinana e āhua rerekē ana i ngā ira katoa o tō tinana, he āhua motumotu, ā, ka whakaaro koe, "He rerekē tēnei i ētahi atu," he mea tino nui kia whakaaturia tēnā ki te tākuta.
He aha te take e puta ai te melanoma? He aha ngā āhuatanga mōrearea?
E whakaae ana te nuinga o ngā tohunga ko te tino take mōrearea o te melanoma ko te nui rawa o te pānga o te rā , inā koa i te wā e tamariki ana, tae noa ki te werawera me te pupuhi. E ai ki ngā pūrongo, 86% o ngā melanomas i puta mai i ngā hihi UV o te rā.
Ki te kī ngāwari, ka taea e ngā hihi UV te kino i te DNA i roto i ō tātou pūtau kiri. Ka puta te mate pukupuku ina tīmata te wehewehe o ngā pūtau me tēnei DNA kua pakaru. Kua whakarōpūtia hoki e te World Health Organization ngā hihi UV mai i ngā moenga tanning hei mate pukupuku.
Ahakoa ka taea e te tangata katoa te pāngia e te melanoma, ko ēnei tāngata e whai ake nei he nui ake te mōrearea:
- Mō te hunga kua pāngia e te melanoma i mua.
- Mena kua pāngia tetahi o te whānau (whaea, pāpā, tuākana/teina) e te mate pukupuku kiri.
- Mō te hunga he kiri mā, he iraira, he makawe kōwhai, he whero rānei, me ngā kanohi kikorangi .
- Mō te hunga e werawera ana i te rā, inā koa te hunga kua werawera.
- Mō te hunga e noho tata ana ki te ekueta, ki ngā teitei rānei (he nui te pānga ki ngā hihi UV).
- Mō te hunga he maha ngā tohu whānau , inā koa ko te hunga he āhua rerekē ō rātou.
- Mō te hunga he ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate (hei tauira, te hunga kua whakatōkia ōkana).
He mea nui: He nui ake te kitea o te mate kiri mā i roto i te hunga kiri mā, engari ka taea hoki te kitea i roto i te hunga kiri mangu. Ko te mate kiri mangu te mea tino kitea i roto i te hunga kiri mangu i ngā nikau, i ngā kapu waewae, me ngā maikuku. Nō reira, kia tūpato ki ēnei wāhi.
Me pēhea te tautuhi a te tākuta i te melanoma?
Mena he mole whakapae tōu, ka tirohia tuatahitia e tō tākuta. Kātahi, ki te hiahia rātou ki te whakaū i te whakapae, ka tangohia e rātou tetahi wāhanga, te katoa rānei o te mole mā te pokanga iti, ka tukuna ki te taiwhanga hei whakamātautau. Ka kiia tēnei he koiora . Koinei te āhua o tā rātou tirotiro i raro i te karuārai hei tirotiro mena kei roto ngā pūtau matepukupuku.
Ki te whakaūtia e te koiora he melanoma, ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te kimi i te tawhiti kua horapa te mate pukupuku me te hohonu o tōna horapa. Ka kiia tēnei ko te whakatau i te wāhanga . He mea tino nui tēnei mō te whakamahere maimoatanga. Ko te matotoru o te mate pukupuku te mea tino nui hei matapae i te putanga.
Ko ngā wāhanga matua o te melanoma ka wehea penei:
| Wāhanga Matepukupuku | He whakamārama māmā |
|---|---|
| Wāhanga 0 | Kei te paparanga o runga o te kiri (epidermis) anake te mate pukupuku. Kāore anō kia horapa. |
| Wāhanga Tuatahi | He mate pukupuku iti te mōrearea. Kāore he tohu o te horapa. Ka taea te whakaora katoa mā te pokanga. |
| Wāhanga II | He nui te mōrearea o te hokinga mai anō, engari kāore anō kia kitea he taunakitanga kua horapa. |
| Wāhanga III | Kua horapa te mate pukupuku ki ngā kōpū waikura e tata ana, ki te kiri rānei e karapoti ana. |
| Wāhanga IV | Kua horapa te mate pukupuku ki ngā kōpū lymph tawhiti, ki te kiri, ki ngā whekau o roto rānei (ngā pukahukahu, ate, roro). |
He aha ngā whakamātautau ka mahia hei whakatau i te tūponotanga?
Tērā pea ka tūtohu ngā tākuta i ētahi atu whakamātautau hei whakatau tika mēnā kua horapa te mate pukupuku.
- Ko te Biopsy o te Pūnaha Lymph Sentinel: He whakamātautau motuhake hei tirotiro mēnā kua horapa te mate pukupuku ki ngā pūnaha lymph.
- Matawai CT (Tomography Rorohiko - Matawai CT):Tirohia mēnā kei roto i te tinana te mate pukupuku.
- Matawai MRI (Imaging Resonance Magnetic - matawai MRI): Hei tirotiro mō ngā pukupuku matepukupuku i roto i te roro, i te taurakira rānei.
- Matawai PET (Positron Emission Tomography - matawai PET): Hei tirotiro mēnā kua horapa te matepukupuku ki ngā wāhanga tawhiti o te tinana.
- Ngā whakamātautau toto: Mā te ine i ētahi mea i roto i te toto (hei tauira, te LDH - Lactate Dehydrogenase) ka taea te whakaatu i te āhua o te mate pukupuku.
He aha ngā maimoatanga mō te melanoma?
Ko te maimoatanga ka whakawhiwhia ki a koe ka whakawhirinaki ki te taumata o tō mate pukupuku me tō hauora whānui.
Ko te maimoatanga matua i ngā wāhanga tōmua ko te tango katoa i te mate pukupuku mā te pokanga. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ko te tapahi i te wāhi mate pukupuku me tētahi wāhi iti o te kiri hauora e karapoti ana. I te nuinga o te wā, he tikanga māmā noa iho tēnei ka taea te mahi i roto i te tari o te tākuta kiri i raro i te rongoā whakamoe.
I ngā āhuatanga kua horapa te mate pukupuku, me whai atu pea ētahi atu maimoatanga hei tāpiri atu ki te pokanga.
- Lymphadenectomy: Mena kua horapa te mate pukupuku ki ngā kōpū lymph, ka tangohia aua kōpū lymph mā te pokanga.
- Te rongoā mate pukupuku arotahi: Te whakamahi i ngā rongoā motuhake e whakaeke ana i ngā pūtau mate pukupuku anake. Kāore ēnei e kino ki ngā pūtau hauora.
- Whakaora Irahiko: Te whakangaro i ngā pūtau matepukupuku mā te whakamahi i ngā hihi pūngao nui.
- Ārai Mate: Te whakaoho i te pūnaha ārai mate o te tinana kia whawhai ki te mate pukupuku.
Me pēhea te tiaki i a koe mai i te melanoma?
Koinei te wāhanga tino nui. He maha ngā mea ka taea e tātou te mahi hei tiaki i a tātou mai i tēnei mate pukupuku kino.
- Āta karohia te rā nui, inā koa i waenga i te 10 i te ata me te 4 i te ahiahi, ā, me noho ki te atarangi i ngā wā katoa e taea ana.
- Tāpirihia he pare rā. Whakamahia he pare rā whānui-whānui (e tiaki ana i te UVA me te UVB) me te SPF o te 30, neke atu rānei i ngā wā katoa e haere ana koe ki waho, ahakoa he rangi kapua. Tāpirihia anō i ia 1.5 hāora. Tāpirihia anō kia maha ake ngā wā mēnā kei te werawera koe, kei te kaukau rānei.
- Mauria he kākahu tiaki. Mauria he pōtae whānui, he mōhiti kanohi, he kākahu ringaringa roa, me he tarau roa.
- Āta karohia rawatia ngā moenga kiriuhi.
- Whakamahia hoki he hinu ngutu kei roto he hinu ārai-rā mō ō ngutu.
- Pania he hinu ārai-rā ki ngā tamariki neke atu i te 6 marama te pakeke.
Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga
- Ko te melanoma te momo mate pukupuku kiri tino morearea, engari ki te kitea wawe, e 99% te kaha ki te whakaora.
- Tirohia tō kiri i ia wā. Kia tūpato ki ngā panonitanga o te rahi, te āhua, te tae rānei o tētahi ira, o tētahi ira hou rānei. Kia maumahara ki te ture "ABCDE".
- Ko te huarahi pai hei ārai i te mate kiri kiri (melanoma) ko te tiaki i a koe anō i ngā hihi o te rā. Whakamahia he paninga ārai rā i ia rā.
- Ki te kite koe i ētahi panonitanga whakapae i roto i tō kiri, kaua e warewaretia. Kaua e mataku. Tirohia tō tākuta whānau i te wā e taea ai, ā, me tirotiro koe. Ko te kitenga wawe te parepare pai rawa atu.
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