Kia ako tātou mō ngā pukupuku e ahu mai ana i ngā pūtau rite ki ngā whetu i roto i tō roro (Astrocytoma)!

Ka pāngia tātou katoa e ngā raruraru hauora ohorere i roto i ō tātou oranga, tika? Tērā pea he maha ngā mamae o te upoko, he rite rānei ki te ngaro haere o tō mahara. Ahakoa he mea noa ēnei, i ētahi wā he tohu pea nō te raruraru i roto i tō tātou tinana, inā koa te roro. I tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō tētahi momo pukupuku ka puta i roto i te roro, he ahua uaua, engari me mōhio tātou katoa. Ko Astrocytoma tēnā.

He aha te Astrocytoma? Kia mārama tātou!

Āe, me titiro tātou he aha tēnei astrocytoma. He māmā noa iho, he momo pukupuku e puta ana i roto i tō tātou pūnaha io matua (CNS) , arā, i roto i te roro , ā, i ētahi wā i roto i te taura tuaiwi (te taura io e rere ana i raro i te tuaiwi). Ka hangaia ēnei pukupuku mai i tētahi momo pūtau āhua whetu motuhake i roto i tō tātou roro. Ka karangahia ēnei pūtau e ngā tākuta ko "ngā pūtau astrocyte". Ko ēnei "pūtau astrocyte" he pūtau nō tētahi rōpū pūtau e āwhina ana, e whāngai ana, e tiaki ana hoki i te roro me te pūnaha io. Ka kiia ēnei pūtau āwhina ko "ngā pūtau glial". Haunga ngā "pūtau astrocyte", kei reira ētahi atu momo "pūtau glial" e kiia ana ko "oligodendrocytes" me "ngā pūtau ependymal". Nō reira, ko ngā pukupuku e puta ana ina tīmata te tipu o ēnei "pūtau glial" me te kore e taea te whakahaere ka kiia ko "glioma". Ko te Astrocytoma te momo glioma tino noa.

Ka taea e ēnei pukupuku astrocytoma te mate pukupuku (kino) te mate pukupuku rānei (pai) . Ko te tikanga he morearea ētahi, ā, ka tere te horapa. Ko ētahi kāore, ā, ka puhoi te tipu me te horapa.

Ka whakarōpūhia e ngā tākuta ngā astrocytomas mā ō rātou "tohu", he rite tonu ki ngā tohu i te kura. Ka whakaahuahia e ēnei tohu te tere o te tipu o te pukupuku me te tūponotanga ka horapa ki te kiko roro tata. Kāore i rite ki ētahi atu momo mate pukupuku, kāore he pūnaha "whakatau".

He aha ngā momo matua o te Astrocytoma?

Kua wehea e te Whakahaere Hauora o te Ao (WHO) ngā astrocytomas kia whā ngā momo matua. Ko te momo 1 te momo iti rawa te mōrearea, puhoi te tipu. Ko te momo 4 te momo tino pukuriri, tere te tipu, me te tino morearea.

Astrocytoma kore-matepukupuku (pai)

He iti noa te mōrearea o ēnei pukupuku, ehara i te matepukupuku.

• Astrocytoma Tau 1:
• Te astrocytoma pilocytic:Koinei te momo pukupuku taumata 1 tino noa. He tino puhoi te tipu, ā, he iti ake te tūponotanga ki te horapa. Ehara i te mate pukupuku. I muri i te tango katoa mā te pokanga, kāore e hiahiatia te rongoā chemotherapy, te rongoā radiation rānei. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka puta ēnei pukupuku i roto i te roro iti, te wāhanga o te roro e kiia nei ko te roro iti .
• Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: Ka tipu pinepine hoki tēnei momo pukupuku i roto i te roro. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka puta i roto i te temporal lobe o te roro. Ka taea e tēnei te puta he hopuhopu pinepine. Ka taea te whakaora mā te pokanga.
• Te astrocytoma pūtau nunui o raro i te pehanga toto (SEGA): Ka puta tēnei momo pukupuku i roto i ngā tamariki he mate ira e kiia nei ko te tuberous sclerosis. Ka puta i roto i ngā kōhao kī tonu i te wai i roto i te roro e kiia nei ko ngā ventricles . Ka taea hoki te rongoā mā te pokanga.

Astrocytoma kino

He pukupuku kino ēnei kei roto ngā pūtau matepukupuku, ā, ka tere te tipu me te horapa.

• Astrocytoma Tau 2: He nui ake te tūponotanga ka horapa ēnei pukupuku ki ngā kiko roro e karapoti ana, ā, he uaua ki te whakaora katoa mā te pokanga anake.
• Ngā Astrocytoma Taumata 3: He kaha ake ēnei i ngā pukupuku taumata 2. He maha ngā wā, ka taea e te pukupuku taumata 2 te neke ki te taumata 3 i roto i te wā. Kāore e taea te whakaora i ēnei mā te pokanga anake. Me tino hiahiatia te rongoā irahiko, ā, he maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia hoki te rongoā chemotherapy.
• Ngā Glioblastoma: Ko ēnei ngā astrocytoma taumata 4. Koinei te momo astrocytoma tino noa, ā, tino kaha rawa atu. Ka tere te tipu me te horapa. Tata ki te 10% o ēnei ka puta mai i tētahi astrocytoma iti kua noho kē, ā, kua huri hei matepukupuku. I roto rānei i te 90% o ngā take, ka tīmata hei pukupuku taumata 4.

Ko wai ka pāngia e te Astrocytoma?

Ka taea e te tangata te pāngia e ēnei pukupuku, engari kua kitea he rerekē ngā momo pukupuku e kitea ana i roto i ngā tāngata o ngā reanga rerekē:

• Astrocytoma Tau 1: Ko te mea tino kitea i roto i ngā tamariki me ngā taiohi.
• Astrocytoma Tau 2: Ko te mea tino kitea i roto i ngā pakeke i waenga i te 20 me te 60 tau te pakeke.
• Astrocytoma Tau 3: Ko te mea tino kitea i roto i ngā pakeke i waenga i te 30 me te 60 tau te pakeke.
• Glioblastoma (astrocytoma taumata 4): Ko te mea tino noa i roto i ngā pakeke i waenga i te 50 me te 80 tau te pakeke.

E kīia ana hoki he nui ake te tūponotanga ka pāngia ngā tāne e te astrocytomas o te taumata 3 me te 4.

He pēhea te noa o tēnei mate?

He rerekē anō hoki te horapa o ngā momo rerekē o te astrocytoma:

• Astrocytoma taumata 1: Tata ki te 2% o ngā pukupuku roro katoa.
• Astrocytoma taumata 2: e 2% ki te 5% o ngā pukupuku roro katoa.
• Astrocytoma Tau 3: Tata ki te 4% o ngā pukupuku roro katoa.
• Ngā Astrocytoma Tau 4 (Glioblastoma): Tae atu ki te 24% o ngā pukupuku roro katoa.

I roto i ngā pakeke, ko te glioblastoma (astrocytoma taumata 4) te momo mate pukupuku roro e tino kitea ana.

He aha ngā tohu o te Astrocytoma?

Ka rerekē pea ngā tohu o tēnei pukupuku i runga i te rahi o te pukupuku me tōna wāhi kei roto i te roro. Ko ētahi o ngā tohu noa ko:

• Te mamae o te upoko i ngā wā maha, i ētahi wā ka kino rawa atu i te ata.
• Whakapairuaki me te ruaki.
• Ngā hopukanga.
• Ngā panonitanga o te āhua hinengaro: Hei tauira, ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te kore e taea te arotahi (pōrangi) te ngaronga mahara katoa rānei (porangi).
• Te ngaronga o te mahara.
• Ētahi atu raruraru hinengaro: ngā huringa o te tuakiri, ngā huringa o te wairua (pēnei i te pouri).
• Te ngenge nui rawa atu i roto i te tinana.
• Ngā raruraru tirohanga: Te tirohanga pōuri, te tirohanga takirua.
• Ngā uauatanga kōrero (aphasia): He uaua ki te tito kupu, kāore e taea te whakaaro he aha te mea hei kōrero.
• Ngā raruraru nekehanga: ka ngoikore ngā waewae, ka ngoikore, ka whakaatu i ngā urupare rerekē.

Mena kei a koe tētahi, ētahi rānei o ēnei tohu, he mea tino nui kia toro atu koe ki te tākuta i te wā e taea ai.

He aha ngā take o te Astrocytoma?

Ina hoki, kāore anō kia mōhiotia e ngā kairangahau te tino pūtake o te nuinga o ngā astrocytomas. Ko te nuinga o ēnei pukupuku ka puta noa i ētahi wā. Ko ngā āhuatanga mōrearea matua e rua kua tautuhia e ngā kairangahau ko te pānga o te irahiko me ngā awe ira.

Heoi, kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau hou he nui te pānga o te whakarerekētanga (whakarerekētanga) i roto i tētahi ira e kiia nei ko te `(ira IDH1)` ki te whanaketanga o ngā astrocytomas iti-taumata. Ka āwhina tēnei ira i ō tātou pūtau ki te whakaputa pūngao. Ina whakarerekētia tēnei ira, ka puta he matū e kiia nei ko te `(2-HG)`. Ka kohia tēnei i roto i ngā `(ngā pūtau astrocyte)` hauora i roto i te wā, ā, ka tīmata aua pūtau ki te noho rerekē. Koinā te wā ka puta ai ngā astrocytomas.

Te pānga o te irahiko me te astrocytoma

Hei tauira, ko te pānga ki te irahiko whakakoi, e whakamahia ana mō te rongoā mate pukupukuKa whakanui ake te rongoā irahiko i te mōrearea o te whakawhanake i te astrocytoma.

Hei tauira, ko ngā tamariki e pangia ana e te mate toto toto nui (acute lymphocytic leukemia - ALL) e whiwhi ana i te rongoā irahiko hei ārai i te mate, ka 22 ngā wā ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka pāngia rātou e te pukupuku o te pūnaha io matua, pērā i te astrocytoma, i roto i ngā tau 5 ki te 10.

Ngā take ira me te astrocytoma

Kua kitea ko ngā āhuatanga ira onge e whai ake nei e hono ana ki te whanaketanga o ngā astrocytomas:

• Te mate Li-Fraumeni: Ka puta tēnei āhuatanga ina he whakarerekētanga ira kei roto i te ira e kiia nei ko te ira TP53. E 90% te tūponotanga o te hunga whai mate pēnei ki te whakawhanake i tētahi momo mate pukupuku, neke atu rānei, i roto i ō rātou oranga. Ka uru atu pea tēnei ki te astrocytoma.
• Neurofibromatosis momo 1 (NF1): I roto i tēnei āhuatanga, ka puta he whakarerekētanga i roto i tētahi ira e whakaarohia ana hei aukati i te tipu o ngā pukupuku ka puta he tipu rerekē o ngā pūtau. Tērā pea ka puta he astrocytomas ki te hunga whai NF1, he pukupuku o ngā io ā-taha, me ngā ira café-au-lait i runga i te kiri.
• Te mate pukupuku ngongo: He maha ngā raruraru hauora ka pā mai i tēnei āhuatanga. Kei roto i ēnei ko ngā mate hopuhopu, ngā whakaroa whanaketanga, me te hanganga o ngā pukupuku i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te tinana. Ka puta mai i ngā whakarerekētanga ira i roto i ngā ira e rua, te ira TSC1 me te ira TSC2. Ko ngā astrocytoma pūtau nunui subependymal (SEGA) ka puta noa i roto i te hunga whai mate pukupuku ngongo.
• Te mate Turcot: Ka puta tēnei āhuatanga i ngā whakarerekētanga ira i roto i ētahi ira e ārai ana i te tipu o te pukupuku. Ka taea e ia te whakaputa i ngā tipu iti (polyps) i roto i ngā whekau me te kotahi, neke atu rānei o ngā pukupuku, pērā i te astrocytomas, i roto i te roro, i te taurakira rānei.

Me pēhea te tautuhi i te Astrocytoma?

Nā te mea he rite ngā tohu o te astrocytoma ki ērā o ētahi atu mate pūnaha io, he uaua pea ki ngā tākuta te whakapae, te tautuhi rānei i te mate.

Heoi, ka pātai atu tō tākuta ki a koe mō ō tohu me tō hītori hauora. Tērā pea ka whakahaerehia e ia he whakamātautau io . Mā tēnei ka āwhina ki te whakatau kei hea te raruraru kei roto i te roro, i te taurakira rānei.

Kātahi ka whakahau te tākuta i tētahi whakamātautau whakaahua roro. Ko te matawai MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) te huarahi pai ki te kimi me te tautuhi i tētahi astrocytoma. Mena kāore e taea te whai MRI nā te mea he pacemaker tōu, he hononga rānei kua tāpirihia, ko te matawai CT (Computed tomography scan) te kōwhiringa pai e whai ake nei.

Mena ka whakaatuhia e ēnei whakamātautau whakaahua tetahi mea rerekē i roto i te roro, tera pea ka whakahaerehia e te tākuta he koiora (te tango i tētahi wāhanga iti o te pukupuku hei tirotiro) me te tango rānei i te pūtau.(te tango pokanga i te pukupuku). Koinei anake te huarahi hei whakatau tika i te mate.

Ka taea te whakaora i te astrocytoma matepukupuku?

He maha ngā wā ka taea te rongoā i ngā astrocytoma taumata 1 mā te pokanga mēnā ka taea e te taote pokanga roro te tango haumaru i te pukupuku katoa. He tino onge, ka taea hoki te rongoā i ētahi astrocytoma taumata 2 mā te pokanga.

Heoi, kāore anō kia kitea he rongoā mō ngā astrocytoma taumata 3 me te 4 (ina koa ko ngā glioblastoma) i tēnei wā nā te mea ka tere te tipu me te horapa. Heoi anō, ka taea e te rongoā irahiko me ētahi rongoā te whakahaere i te tipu o ēnei pukupuku me te whakaiti i ngā tohu.

Me pēhea te rongoā mō te Astrocytoma?

Ko ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki ētahi āhuatanga:

• Te wāhi, te rahi, me te momo o te pukupuku.
• tō tau.
• Tō hauora whānui.

Ka mahi tahi tētahi rōpū tohunga ki te whakatau i te mahere maimoatanga pai rawa atu māu. Kei roto pea i tēnei rōpū:

• Ngā tohunga roro
• Ngā taote pokanga roro
• Ngā tohunga mate pukupuku irahiko
• Ngā tākuta mate pukupuku hauora

Ko ngā maimoatanga matua mō te astrocytoma ko:

• Pokanga.
• Te rongoā irahiko.
• Te rongoā chemotherapy tāpiri.
• Ngā mara rongoā-pukupuku (mō te glioblastoma).

Hei tāpiritanga, tera pea ētahi whakamātautau haumanu ka taea e koe te whai wāhi atu.

Te pokanga mō te astrocytoma

Ko te pokanga te taahiraa tuatahi ki te rongoā i te astrocytoma. E toru ngā painga matua:

1. Ka taea e koe te kimi tika i te momo pukupuku mā te tango i tētahi wahi kiko mai i te pukupuku ka tirotirohia i raro i te karuārai.

2. Ka taea e ngā tākuta te whakahaere i ētahi atu whakamātautau ki te pukupuku hei tirotiro mēnā he pūmua me ngā whakarerekētanga ira ka taea e ētahi rongoā te aro atu.

3. Mā tēnei ka taea te tango i te nuinga o te pukupuku. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakaiti i te pēhanga i roto i te roro me te angaanga, ā, ka ārai i ētahi atu raruraru.

Nā te mea ka puhoi te tipu o ngā astrocytoma taumata 1, ā, kāore e horapa ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te roro, ko te pokanga anake te maimoatanga e wātea ana.

Ngā rongoā āwhina mō te astrocytoma

Ko te rongoā tāpiri, e kiia ana i ētahi wā ko te "rongoā āwhina," e aro ana ki ngā pūtau matepukupuku kāore i mate i te rongoā matua. I roto i te astrocytoma, ko te pokanga te rongoā matua.

Hei tāpiri atu ki te pokanga, me whai maimoatanga anō hoki ngā astrocytoma taumata 3 me te 4. Tērā pea ka hiahiatia he maimoatanga tāpiri mō ngā astrocytoma taumata 2 i ētahi wā.

Ētahi atu maimoatanga mō te astrocytoma:

• Te rongoā matū me te temozolomide (TMZ): Ko te rongoā matū ko te whakamahinga o ngā rongoā hei patu i ngā pūtau matepukupuku, hei aukati rānei i tō rātou tipu haere. Ko te rongoā, te temozolomide (TMZ), ka mahi mā te whakarerekē i te DNA o ngā pūtau pukupuku, ka mate ai rātou. Ko te TMZ he maimoatanga tuatahi mō ngā astrocytomas katoa o te taumata 3 me te 4. I ētahi wā ka hoatu ki ngā astrocytomas o te taumata 2.
• Whakaora irahiko: Ka whakamahia e tēnei maimoatanga te irahiko (ko te tikanga he hihi-X kaha-teitei) hei patu i ngā pūtau matepukupuku. He huarahi tino whai hua tēnei hei rongoā i ngā astrocytomas.
• Bevacizumab: He rongoā werohanga tēnei. Mā te aukati i te tipu o ngā oko toto e āwhina ana i te tipu o te pukupuku ka mahi. Kua whakaaetia e te US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) tēnei rongoā mō te glioblastoma e hokihoki mai ana. Ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te pupuhi me te whakamamae i ngā tohu.
• Ngā mara rongoā-pukupuku: He taputapu motuhake tēnei e whakaputa ana i ngā mara hiko. Ka taea e ēnei mara te whakaroa i te tipu o te puku. Ka mauria pēnei i te potae. Ka tūtohu pea ngā tākuta i tēnei maimoatanga mō te glioblastoma hou kua kitea me te hoki mai anō.

Ka taea e au te aukati i te whanaketanga o te Astrocytoma?

Kāore he mea e taea e koe te mahi i tēnei wā hei ārai i te whanaketanga o ngā astrocytomas. I te nuinga o te wā, ka puta noa mai i te wā kotahi.

Heoi, ki te mea he mate ira tōu e nui ake ai te mōrearea ki te whakawhanake i te astrocytoma, he mea nui kia kite i tō tīma hauora i ia wā mō ngā tirotiro hauora. Kātahi ka taea e rātou te aroturuki i a koe mō ngā tohu o te astrocytoma. Ko te tere o te tautuhi i tēnei, ko te pai ake.

He aha te āhua o te mate urutā mō te Astrocytoma?

Ko te tirohanga, mehemea ka pai ake te mate me te roa o te oranga, ka whakawhirinaki ki ētahi āhuatanga:

• Te taumata o te puku: Ka teitei ake te tohu, ka kino ake te tirohanga whānui.
• E hia te nui o te pukupuku ka taea te tango mā te pokanga:Ahakoa ka taea te whakaora i ngā astrocytoma taumata 1 mā te pokanga anake, kāore e taea te tango katoa i ngā astrocytoma taumata 2 ki te 4. Heoi, ki te taea e te taote pokanga roro te tango i te nui o te kiko e taea ana, he pai te ōrau oranga.
• Te whakamahinga o ngā maimoatanga tāpiri: Ka taea e ngā maimoatanga tāpiri, pērā i te chemotherapy me te radiation therapy, te whakaiti i ngā tohu me te whakapiki i te oranga.
• Tau: I te nuinga o te wā, he roa ake te roa o te oranga o te hunga rangatahi.
• Āhua hinengaro: Ko te hunga he iti noa ngā tohu, ā, he pai te mahi a te pūnaha io, ka roa ake te ora.

Ka taea e tō tīma hauora te hoatu ki a koe ngā kōrero tika ake mō ngā mea hei tumanako atu māu. Kaua e wehi ki te pātai atu ki a rātou.

He aha te tere ora o te Astrocytoma?

Ka rerekē te tere oranga toharite i runga i te momo o te astrocytoma:

• Tau 1 (Ngā astrocytomas pilocytic): Neke atu i te 10 tau.
• Astrocytoma taumata 2: neke atu i te 5 tau.
• Astrocytoma taumata 3: I waenganui i te 2 me te 5 tau.
• Tau 4 (Glioblastomas): Tata ki te tau.

He mea nui kia maumahara he toharite noa iho ēnei mō tētahi rōpū nui o te hunga whai astrocytomas. Ka taea e tō rōpū hauora te whakarato i ngā kōrero taipitopito mō ngā reiti oranga i runga i tō āhuatanga motuhake.

Āhea ahau me toro atu ki taku tākuta mō te Astrocytoma?

Me whai wā tirotiro anō koe ki ngā tākuta roro, ngā tākuta pukupuku, me ngā tākuta roro kia mōhio ai kei te angitu, kei te angitu tonu rānei tō maimoatanga.

Waea atu ki tō tākuta i te wā e taea ai mēnā ka puta he tohu hou, ka kino haere rānei ō tohu. Hei tauira:

• Ngā raruraru mahara.
• Ngā wiri.
• Te ānini nui, te raruraru tirohanga rānei.
• Te ngaronga taumaha mō te kore take.

He aha ngā pātai me pātai atu e au ki taku tākuta?

He pai pea te pātai atu ki tō rōpū hauora i ēnei pātai:

• He aha ahau i pāngia ai e te astrocytoma?
• He aha te momo astrocytoma kei a au?
• He aha te maimoatanga pai rawa atu mōku?
• He aha ngā whakamātautau haumanu ka taea e au te whai wāhi atu?
• He aha ngā mōrearea me ngā pānga taha o te maimoatanga?
• He aha te tiaki e hiahiatia ana e au i muri i te maimoatanga?
• He aha te tūponotanga ka hoki mai anō te mate pukupuku, ka horapa rānei i muri i te maimoatanga?
• He aha ngā tohu o te tipu o te pukupuku me tirotiro ahau?
• He aha ngā tohu o ngā raruraru maimoatanga me tirotiro e au?
• Kei te tūpono tōku whānau ki te pāngia e te astrocytoma?

He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te Astrocytoma me te Glioblastoma?

Ko te Glioblastoma he momo astrocytoma - he astrocytoma taumata 4. Ko te Glioblastoma he pukupuku matepukupuku kaha e tipu tere ana, e horapa ana hoki. Koinei te matepukupuku roro tuatahi e tino kitea ana.

He kino, he pai rānei te mate o te Astrocytoma?

He maha ngā momo astrocytomas - ko ētahi he kore-matepukupuku (pai), ko ētahi he matepukupuku (kino). Ko ngā astrocytomas taumata 1 he kore-matepukupuku. Ko ngā taumata 2 ki te 4 he matepukupuku.

Hei whakamutunga, ngā mea hei maumahara (Karere hei tango ki te kāinga)

He mea noa te mataku me te pōuri ina kitea he pukupuku roro tōu. He maha ngā momo o te Astrocytoma - ko ētahi he pai, ko ētahi he mate pukupuku. Engari me whakawhirinaki ka whakawhanakehia e tō rōpū hauora he mahere maimoatanga whaiaro, whānui hei āwhina i a koe ki te whakahaere i tō astrocytoma me te whakapai ake i tō kounga o te oranga. Kaua e mataku, kaua e whakapae, pātai atu ki ō tākuta, me te tautoko i tō maimoatanga. Kei te hiahia ahau kia tere tō ora!

` astrocytoma, pukupuku roro, glioma, astrocyte, pūnaha io matua, mate pukupuku, glioblastoma