Atherosclerosis: ngā take, ngā tohu me ngā mea e hiahia ana koe ki te mōhio

He maha ngā wā ka rongo tātou katoa i ngā kupu pēnei i te 'cholesterol teitei' me te 'toto toto kua āraia'. Engari kua whakaaro kē koe me pēhea tēnei e tupu ai i roto i ō tātou tinana? He rite ō tātou toto ki ngā ara i roto i ō tātou tinana mō te rere o te toto. Ka haria e ēnei ara te toto ma, he nui te hāora mai i ō tātou ngākau ki ngā whekau puta noa i ō tātou tinana. Whakaarohia, he aha ka tupu mēnā ka āraia haeretia ēnei ara e te ngako me ngā paru? Koinei te mea e kiia nei e tātou ko te atherosclerosis i roto i te rongoā.

I te kī poto, he aha te atherosclerosis?

Ko te Atherosclerosis te whakaemi haere o te ngako, te cholesterol, te konupūmā, me ētahi atu matū i roto i ngā pakitara o ō tātou oko toto (ina koa ko ngā uaua toto) hei hanga i tētahi 'pēke' . Ka kiia tēnei ko te 'atheroma' i roto i ngā kupu hauora. I te tipu haere o tēnei pēke, ka matotoru haere te pakitara o te oko toto, ka whakapakeke. Ka kiia tēnei ko te "whakapakeke o ngā oko toto" ko te "whakapakeke rānei o ngā oko toto".

Ko te mea whakamataku mō tēnei , he tino mārie te mahi a tēnei tukanga, kāore he tohu i ngā wāhanga tōmua. Tērā pea kāore koe e kite i tētahi huringa mō ngā tau. Engari i roto i te wā, ka tipu tēnei papa, ka whakawhāiti i te lumen (te wāhi e rere ai te toto) i roto i te uaua toto.

Whakaarohia he rori e whā ngā ara e whakaitihia ana ki te kotahi ara nā te mea he nui ngā waka e rere ana. Ka tino heke te rere o te toto. Ko te tikanga tēnei ka ngaro i ō tātou whekau te hāora me ngā matūkai e hiahiatia ana e rātou. Ko te mea tino mōrearea ko te pakaru ohorere o tēnei uaua toto nā te tere o te rere o te toto. Ina tupu tēnā, ka hanga e ō tātou tinana he toto toto hei whakaora i te patunga.

He aha te mea ka puta ina aukatia te rere o te toto i tēnei ara? Kei te wāhi e hanga ai te toto totoka. Hei tauira, ki te puta i roto i te uaua o te ngakau e tuku toto ana ki te ngākau, kāore e nui te hāora e whiwhi ai te ngākau, ka puta he mate ngākau .

He pēhea te noa o tēnei āhuatanga?

He mate tino noa te atherosclerosis. Ko ngā raruraru i puta mai i te kohikohinga ngako i roto i ngā uaua toto, pērā i ngā mate manawa me ngā whiu, koinei te tino take o te mate puta noa i te ao. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau he maha ngā tāngata pakeke e pāngia ana e te mate, engari tata ki te haurua o rātou kāore e mōhio.

He aha ngā tohu o tēnei?

E ai ki tā mātou i kōrero ai i mua ake nei, kāore he tohu i ngā wāhanga tōmua. Ka tīmata te puta o ngā tohu ina neke atu i te 70% te aukati o te uaua toto. Ko te nuinga o te tangata ka mōhio kei a rātou tēnei mate i muri i tētahi āhuatanga ohorere, pērā i te mate manawa, te whiu rānei.

I runga i te wāhi i aukatia ai te uaua toto, ka puta pea ngā tohu i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te tinana.

He aha i pēnei ai te aukati o ngā uaua toto? He aha ngā take?

E whakapono ana ngā kairangahau he maha ngā tino take o te atherosclerosis.

• Kua piki ake ngā taumata o te cholesterol kino (LDL) me ngā triglycerides.
• Te whakamahi i ngā hua tupeka (te momi hikareti).
• Te toto toto tiketike.
• Mate huka.

Ka taea e ēnei āhuatanga te kino i te arai angiangi o roto i ō tātou uaua toto (endothelium). Ko tēnei kino te tīmatanga o te tukanga o te atherosclerosis. Kāore tēnei kino e puta i te pō kotahi, engari mō te wā roa rawa.

Kia tirohia ngā mahi o tēnei tukanga i roto i ngā taipitopito.

He tukanga tēnei kua roa e haere ana. Koinei ngā mahi matua.

1. Te kino o te endothelial: Ka taea e ngā mea pēnei i te cholesterol teitei, ngā paitini i roto i ngā hikareti, me te toto toto tiketike te kino i te arai o roto o ngā oko toto. Ina puta tēnei kino, ka kukumea ngā pūtau toto mā ki te rohe. Ka kohikohi ēnei pūtau, ka puta te mumura i roto i te oko toto.

2. Te hanganga o te ngako momona: Koinei te tohu tuatahi e kitea ana o te atherosclerosis. Ko ngā pūtau toto mā kua tae ki te wāhi i pakaru ai ka ngana ki te tango i ngā matūriki cholesterol mā te horomi i a rātou. Ko ēnei pūtau kī tonu i te cholesterol e kiia ana ko 'ngā pūtau pahuka'. Ina mate rātou, ka waiho he tohu kōwhai, he ira rānei i runga i te pakitara o ngā uaua toto.

3. Te whakanui ake i te papa:I te haere tonu o te kohikohinga o ngā pūtau mate me ētahi atu para, ka tipu haere te puranga momona iti hei papa nui ake. Kātahi ka hangaia he taupoki muka o ngā pūtau uaua maeneene huri noa i tēnei papa. Mā tēnei ka ārai i ngā wāhanga o te papa kia kore e pakaru, kia kore hoki e huihui ki roto i te toto. I te tipu haere o tēnei papa, ka whaiti haere te wāhi e rere ai te toto.

4. Pakaru o te paraka: Koinei te take tino morearea. Ka pakaru ohorere te paraka e karapoti ana i te paraka. Ina tupu tēnei, ka puta he toto toto ki taua wāhi. Ka ārai katoatia e tēnei toto toto te oko toto, ka aukati i te rere o te toto. Koinei te take o te mate manawa, te whiu rānei.

He aha ngā āhuatanga mōrearea mō tēnei?

He maha ngā āhuatanga mōrearea e whai wāhi ana ki te whanaketanga o te atherosclerosis. Ko ētahi o ēnei ka taea e tātou te whakarerekē, engari ko ētahi, pērā i te koroheketanga, kāore e taea.

He aha ngā mate ka pā mai i te atherosclerosis?

Ka taea e te ngoikore o te rere o te toto te arahi ki te maha o ngā raruraru kino. Ko ngā mea matua ko:

• Te mate uaua koronari
• Te whakaekenga o te ngakau
• Ngā manawataki o te ngākau rerekē (Arrhythmia)
• Te ngoikore o te ngākau
• Whiu
• Te whakaekenga ischemic poto (TIA)
• Te mate uaua ā-taha
• Te mate tākihi mau tonu (CKD)
• Te ngoikore o ngā oko toto, ka pupuhi ai (aneurysms) ka pakū ai.

Me pēhea te tautuhi i tēnei mate?

Ka whai tō tākuta i ētahi mahi hei tātaritanga i tēnei mate, hei tatau rānei i tō mōrearea mōna.

1. He whakamātautau tinana katoa: Ko te whakamahi i tētahi stethoscope hei whakarongo ki tō ngākau me te tangi o te toto e rere ana i roto i ō uaua toto. Hei tauira, ki te rongo koe i tētahi tangi "whooshing" ("bruit") i a koe e whakarongo ana ki ngā uaua carotid i tō kaki, he tohu pea tēnei o te toto kua totoka i roto i te uaua.

2. Te pātai mō tō hītori hauora me tō hītori whānau: Ka āwhina ēnei mōhiohio ki te aromatawai i tō mōrearea.

3. Te pātai mō tō āhua noho: Te pātai mō ngā mea pēnei i te mea kei te momi hikareti koe me te āhua o tō kai.

4. Te tono whakamātautau toto: Ka taea e ēnei te whakaatu i te nui o ngā kōrero mō ō taumata cholesterol, ō taumata huka, me te mahi a te ngākau.

Ngā whakamātautau hei whakaū i te āhua

I ētahi wā, me whai whakamātautau anō hei whakaū i te mate me te whakamahere i te maimoatanga.

• Angiography: He whakamātautau e whakamahi ana i ngā hihi-X me te tae motuhake hei kite i te wāhi me te nui o ngā oko toto e āraia ana.
• ECG (Electrocardiogram): Ka ine i te ngohe hiko, te tere, me te manawataki o te ngakau.
• Echocardiogram: Ka tangohia ngā whakaahua o ngā takirere me ngā rūma o te ngākau hei tirotiro i te pai o te pupuhi toto a te ngākau.
• Whakamātautau ahotea whakakori tinana: Ka inehia tō tere o te ngakau i a koe e whakakori tinana ana (e hikoi ana i runga i te mīhini oma).
• Matawai Ultrasound: Ka whakamahia tēnei whakamātautau hei tirotiro i te matotoru o ngā uaua toto i te kaki (carotid ultrasound) me te puku (abdominal ultrasound) me te tirotiro mēnā he putunga ngako kei roto.
• Matawai CT: Ka tangohia e tēnei matawai ngā whakaahua o roto o te tinana, ā, ka taea te tautuhi i te matotoru me te whaiti o ngā oko toto nui.

Me pēhea te rongoā?

Ko te maimoatanga mō te atherosclerosis ko ngā whakarerekētanga o te momo noho, ngā rongoā, ā, ki te tika, te pokanga me ētahi atu maimoatanga. Ma tō tākuta e whakawhanake he mahere maimoatanga e pai ana mōu.

1. Ngā huringa āhua noho

Koinei ngā mea tino nui. Ka taea e ēnei panoni te whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā raruraru.

• Āta karohia ngā hua tupeka katoa. Ki te kai paipa koe, kati tonu.
• Whakamahia he kai hauora mō te ngākau. He pai ake te kai i te kai Mediterranean e nui ana ngā huawhenua, ngā hua rākau, ngā pīni, ngā ika, me ngā ngako hauora pērā i te hinu oriwa, me te whakaiti i te mīti whero me ngā kai tukatuka.
• Whakakorikori tinana i ia rā. Tīmata mā te hikoi poto, ka piki ake ki te whakakorikori tinana mō te 30 meneti pea i te rā, i te nuinga o ngā rā o te wiki.

2. Ngā rongoā (ngā momo rongoā)

Ka taea e ngā rongoā te āwhina ki te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga mōrearea mō te kohikohinga ngako. Tērā pea ka tūtohu tō tākuta:

• Ngā rongoā whakaheke cholesterol (hei tauira, ngā statin).
• Rongoā whakaheke toto toto.
• Ngā rongoā e whakahaere ana i ngā taumata huka toto.
• Tērā pea ka tohua he rongoā hei ārai i te toto totoka (hei tauira, te aspirin).

3. Ngā tikanga maimoatanga me ngā pokanga

Mena kua tino āraia ngā oko toto, he nui rawa rānei te mōrearea o ngā raruraru, me whakamahi pea koe i ēnei momo maimoatanga.

• Te angioplasty me te whakatakotoranga Stent: He tikanga e whakaurua ai he poihau iti ki roto i tētahi oko toto kua āraia, ka pupuhihia hei whakawhānui i te oko toto, ā, ka whakaurua he ngongo iti rite ki te mata (stent) hei ārai i tōna kati anō.
• Te Tāruatanga o te Arorangi Koronari (CABG): He tikanga hei karo i tētahi oko toto kua āraia, ka hanga he oko toto hou mā te whakamahi i tētahi wahi toto i tangohia mai i tētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana.

Me aha koe?

Kaua e mataku mēnā ka kitea e koe tēnei mate. Ko te mea nui ko te mahi tahi me tō tākuta.

• Haere ki te wāhi rongoā i te wā kua whakaritea e ia, e ai ki tāna e kī atu ai.
• Tirohia tō toto toto, tō cholesterol, me tō huka i ia wā, kia mau tonu hoki te whakahaere.
• Ki te puta mai he tohu hou, ki te rerekē rānei ngā tohu o nāianei, me whakamōhio tonu atu ki tō tākuta.
• Kia tiakina hoki tō hauora hinengaro. He mea noa te manukanuka me te mataku i te wā e noho ana koe me tēnei momo mate. Kōrero ki tō whānau, ki ō hoa, ki tētahi kaitohutohu rānei mēnā e tika ana.

Āhea koe me haere ki te Wāhanga Maimoatanga Ohotata (ETU)?

Mena ka pāngia koe, tetahi atu rānei e tata ana ki a koe, e ngā tohu o te whakaeke ngakau (mamae nui o te uma, uaua ki te manawa, mamae e horapa ana ki te ringa maui) he whiu rānei (te takoto ki te taha kotahi o te mata, uaua ki te kōrero, ngaro te māramatanga ki te taha kotahi o te tinana) , waea atu ki te 1990 mō te waka tūroro, haere rānei ki te Tari Ohotata o te hōhipera tata (ETU). He ohotata ēnei e hiahia ana kia rongoatia tonutia.