ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ!

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯕꯤꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯕꯤꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯏꯔꯤꯒꯦꯁꯟ, ꯋꯥꯜ, ꯌꯨꯃꯊꯛ, ꯕꯤꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯏꯔ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ, ꯅꯠꯇꯦ? ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯔꯚꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ‘ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ’ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯦꯇꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ‘ꯒ꯭ꯂꯨ’ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ‘ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯇꯤꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯋꯥꯔꯛ’ꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ:

• ꯁꯔꯨ: ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯋꯥꯔꯛ꯫
• ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ (Cartilage): ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯖ (spongy part) ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯨ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯟꯗꯦ꯫
• ꯂꯤꯒꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ (Ligaments): ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯣꯟ: ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯈꯣꯡ: ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯕꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯠ: ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯐꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ: ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯉꯂꯦ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯅꯤ .

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ?

ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯲꯰꯰ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫

1. ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯏꯝꯌꯨꯟ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ‘ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯤꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯝꯝꯌꯨꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ‘ꯌꯦꯛꯅꯕꯥ’ꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯦꯁꯟ , ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ:

• ꯔꯤꯌꯨꯃꯦꯇꯣꯏꯗ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ, ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯆꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯂꯨꯄꯁ: ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯨꯄꯁꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ, ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ, ꯍꯥꯔꯠ, ꯂꯪꯁ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯛꯂꯦꯔꯣꯗꯥꯔꯃꯥ: ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯂꯥꯖꯦꯟ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯀꯣꯂꯥꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯆꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯔꯕ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯖꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯁꯤꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯝ (Sjögren’s syndrome): ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯏꯝꯝꯌꯨꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯜꯌꯥꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯂꯤꯚꯥꯔꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯜꯌꯥꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡ)ꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯠ, ꯃꯤꯠ, ꯈꯣꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ, ꯈꯣꯡ-ꯈꯨꯠ ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯤꯛꯁ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ . ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ꯫

2. ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯗꯤꯁꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯍꯦꯔꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯕꯤꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯂꯥꯖꯦꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯟ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

• ꯀꯣꯂꯥꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦꯠꯁꯤꯂꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯨꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
• ꯏꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯔꯕ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯠꯄꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ:

• ꯃꯥꯔꯐꯥꯟ ꯁꯤꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯝ: ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯟ ꯐꯤꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯍꯂꯔꯁ-ꯗꯥꯅꯂꯣꯁ ꯁꯤꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯝ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯂꯥꯖꯦꯟ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯔꯑꯦꯛꯁꯇꯦꯟꯗꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯖꯦꯅꯦꯁꯤꯁ ꯏꯝꯄꯔꯐꯦꯛꯇ (Osteogenesis imperfecta): ‘ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯜ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯅꯕꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯂꯥꯖꯦꯟ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯖꯤꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯖꯤꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯃꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯏ꯫

꯳.ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ꯫

ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯗꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯔꯀꯣꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ . ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ, ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ, ꯐꯦꯠ, ꯃꯁꯜ, ꯂꯤꯒꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ:

• ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯁꯥꯔꯀꯣꯃꯥ (Osteosarcoma): ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯆꯣꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯥꯔꯀꯣꯃꯥ: ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯂꯥꯏꯄꯣꯁꯥꯔꯀꯣꯃꯥ (Liposarcoma): ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯇꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯗꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯁꯣꯐꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯥꯔꯀꯣꯃꯥ: ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫

ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

• ꯃꯁꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ, ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯌꯨꯛ-ꯅꯨꯡꯊꯤꯂꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯆꯔꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯂꯪꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ:ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ .
• ꯁꯥꯔꯀꯣꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ . ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

• ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ: ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤ-ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯏꯝꯌꯨꯟ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯕꯣꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ: ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯥꯏ .
• ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ (Biopsy): ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯂꯪꯁ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯤꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯤꯠ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ, ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯆꯤꯜꯂꯛꯇꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫

• ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯏꯝꯌꯨꯟ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ: ꯏꯝꯝꯌꯨꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯣꯁꯞꯔꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯔꯇꯤꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯏꯗꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ (ꯁꯥꯔꯀꯣꯃꯥ)ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ: ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ, ꯀꯦꯃꯣꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫
• ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ: ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯠꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ, ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯃꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯏ꯫
• ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ: ꯃꯁꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ꯫ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫