ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯔꯤꯀꯟꯁꯠꯔꯛꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ? ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯏ.ꯄꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯞ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ (ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯏ.ꯄꯤ. ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯞ ꯔꯤꯀꯟꯁꯠꯔꯛꯁꯟ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯉꯂꯁꯤ

ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ, ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫ ꯈꯣꯉꯆꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯔꯤꯀꯟꯁꯠꯔꯛꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯔꯤ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯏ.ꯄꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯞ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, DIEP ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯞ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯞꯂꯥꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯏ.ꯄꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ‘ꯗꯤꯞ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯑꯦꯄꯤꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ (artery) ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯛ ꯕꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ, ꯐꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯧꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯕꯨ ‘ꯇꯨꯃꯤ ꯇꯛ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯜ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ . ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯊꯪꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯞ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ``ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ``ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯦ? ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯨꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ?

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩ꯫

1. ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯔꯤꯀꯟꯁꯠꯔꯛꯁꯟ: ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯏ.ꯄꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯞ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯅꯤꯔꯛ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯇꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯤ꯫

2. ꯊꯦꯡꯊꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯀꯟꯁꯠꯔꯛꯁꯟ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯀꯟꯁꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ DIEP ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯞ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯨꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯂꯦꯞꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ:

• ꯂꯦꯕ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯎ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯨ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ (ꯁꯤꯒꯥꯔꯦꯠ, ꯕꯤꯗꯤꯁ) ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯊꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯀꯅꯨ:ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ (ꯚꯤꯇꯥꯃꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯞꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯅꯥ) ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯏꯟꯠꯔꯥꯚꯦꯅꯁ (IV) ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ . ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯣꯏ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕꯤꯀꯤꯅꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ, ꯐꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯥꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯦꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯈꯤꯕꯥ ``ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ'' ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ, ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯦꯅꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕꯁꯤꯡ (drains) ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯇꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ, ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯆ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯄꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ 6 ꯆꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯁꯨ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯀꯊꯠꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯠꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ (flap failure) ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯀꯀꯊꯠꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯞ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ, ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯥꯔ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯪꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯔꯤꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯀꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

• ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯀꯊꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ (ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡ)
• ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯧ ꯍꯧꯕ

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ (ETU)ꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯨ꯫

ꯔꯤꯀꯣꯚꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯤꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤ ꯉꯥꯏꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯒꯅꯤ . ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯔꯦꯞ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ, ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ:

• ꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯏꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯄꯣꯝꯈꯠꯄ
• ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
• ꯈꯣꯝꯂꯥꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ (numbness) : ꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯛꯂꯕꯁꯨ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕꯤꯀꯤꯅꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯊꯥ ꯱꯲-꯱꯸ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯎꯅꯁꯥꯗꯁꯨ ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫