ꯐꯤꯕꯨꯂꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ꯐꯤꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯂꯁꯤ!

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ, ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ, ꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯕꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ, ꯑꯦꯟꯀꯦꯜ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ, ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯐꯤꯕꯨꯂꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯐꯤꯕꯨꯂꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯣꯅꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ, ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯣꯅꯗꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯗꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫

ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ (tibia) ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯧꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯐꯤꯕꯨꯂꯥ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ, ꯂꯦꯇꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯜ, ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅꯔꯚꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯒꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯀꯌꯥꯁꯨ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯩ꯫

ꯐꯤꯕꯨꯂꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯤꯝꯌꯨꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯔꯤꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯣꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯀꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯐꯤꯕꯨꯂꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯐꯤꯕꯨꯂꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯔꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫

ꯐꯤꯕꯨꯂꯥ ꯕꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯁꯨ, ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ:

• ꯍꯤꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ: ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯤꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯟꯀꯦꯜ ꯖꯣꯟ (ankle joint) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯤꯕꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯪꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫
• ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯆꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ, ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯨꯟꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯆ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
• ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯒꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯩ: ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯒꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯐꯤꯕꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯐꯤꯕꯨꯂꯥ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯄꯥꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯁꯦꯒꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫

• ꯐꯤꯕꯨꯂꯥ ꯍꯦꯗ (fibula head): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥ ꯕꯣꯟ (tibia bone)ꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯩ꯫
• ꯐꯤꯕꯨꯂꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯝ (Fibula shaft): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯡꯕꯥ, ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯕꯨꯂꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯄꯤ꯫
• ꯐꯤꯕꯨꯂꯥ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯇ: ꯱.ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯩ ꯀꯥꯞꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫

ꯐꯤꯕꯨꯂꯥ ꯕꯣꯅꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩ: ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ꯫

ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯨꯂꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯀꯦꯟ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯐꯤꯕꯨꯂꯥ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ‘ꯑꯦꯚꯂꯁꯟ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯤꯒꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ, ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯆ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ (Osteoporosis) ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯖꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ, ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯏꯔꯤꯒꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯦ꯫ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯍꯤ 50ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯨꯂꯥ ꯕꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯃꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ (ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ)ꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯅꯤ . ꯗꯦꯛꯁꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦꯛꯁ.ꯑꯦ.

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯨꯂꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯥꯏ.)
• ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ (ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ. ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ - ꯀꯝꯞꯌꯨꯇꯦꯠ ꯇꯣꯃꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ)

ꯐꯤꯕꯨꯂꯥ ꯕꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯨꯂꯥ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯠꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫

ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ꯫

ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ꯍꯣꯏ. ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯔ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯁ (POP) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ, ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯃꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ, ꯚꯤꯇꯥꯃꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯞꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯗꯤ, ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯞꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯤꯇꯥꯃꯤꯟ D ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯨꯂꯥ ꯕꯣꯟ (ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ, ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯆꯦꯀꯑꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯥ) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯐꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

• ꯒꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯇꯕꯦꯜꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫
• ꯁꯥꯟꯅ-ꯈꯣꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯊꯕꯛ-ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯏꯛꯌꯨꯏꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯗꯥ ꯊꯃꯒꯅꯨ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫
• ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯌꯁꯤꯡ (ꯂꯦꯗꯔꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ) ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯦꯕꯂꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫
• ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯤꯇꯥꯃꯤꯟ D ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯥꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯖꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯕ.
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯇꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯦꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯀꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫

ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯨꯂꯥ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯍꯅꯕꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯌꯥꯃꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫