ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯥ? (ꯈꯨꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ) - ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ, ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯉꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯅꯠꯇꯦ? ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯤꯔꯃꯒꯅꯤ, ‘ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯂꯧꯔꯁꯤ’꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯩ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ, ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ-ꯑꯦꯟꯗ-ꯍꯣꯏꯠ ꯄꯤꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯤꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ, ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ (ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯣꯟ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯈꯟꯊꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯠꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ "ꯄꯤꯀꯆꯔ" ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯏꯃꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯏꯇꯦꯞ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯦꯠꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯔꯨ ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯤꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ:

• ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ (Patella) .
• ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ (Femur) .
• ꯁꯤꯟ ꯕꯣꯟ (Tibia)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ (Fibula) ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯄꯤꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ, ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦꯁꯨ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎ ꯔꯤꯞꯂꯦꯁꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ? ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯉꯊꯥꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯛ ꯐꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯂꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ:

• ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕꯃꯈꯩ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ . ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯦꯟꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯖꯤꯞ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯇꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯖꯨꯋꯦꯂꯔꯤ, ꯋꯥꯆꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯜꯇꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯒꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ (ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ) ꯈꯪꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯂꯕꯁꯨ, ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯍꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯂꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯍꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯔꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ?

ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯕꯤꯚꯥꯒꯀꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫

1. ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯃꯁꯤꯡ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯔꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯗ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯟꯗꯦ꯫

2. ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯔ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ , ꯐꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ .

3. ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ: ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯏꯃꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

4. ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯇꯣ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ: ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯌꯥꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯇꯣ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫

• ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯔꯣꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯚꯤꯎ: ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ .
• ꯂꯦꯇꯔꯦꯜ ꯚꯤꯎ: ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ꯫
• ꯈꯨꯎꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ (Sunrise view): ꯈꯨꯎꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ (ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯕꯥ) ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ , ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯣꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ, ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫

ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯂꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯂꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯏ꯫ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ . ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯏꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ (ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯔꯤꯐꯔ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ)ꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ, ꯔꯤꯖꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯀꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯖꯜꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯗꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

• ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜꯂꯤꯕꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜꯂꯤꯕꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ: ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯩꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫

ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ (vertebrae) ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯗꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯩ꯫

ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡ , ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯤꯒꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ (meniscus) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯏꯃꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯗꯦ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯒꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯦ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯥꯏ .ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯄꯔꯤꯈꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯔꯨ ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ, ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ, ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫