ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯉꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯘꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ‘ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯟ’ꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯤꯔꯃꯒꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ꯫
ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯑꯣꯀꯦ, ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯁꯤ꯫ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯖꯥꯏꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯅꯖꯥꯏꯝ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯡꯁꯤꯂꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ‘ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯟ-ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯤꯑꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯟ-ꯑꯦꯂꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯥꯄꯊꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯃꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ? ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ!
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯁꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯄꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨꯅꯤ꯫
ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ (ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ? ꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ (ꯑꯔꯕꯥꯟ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ)ꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯪꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯟꯖꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯃꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯅꯅꯤ꯫
ꯏꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯟ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ:
1. ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ: ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯤꯑꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯅꯣꯖꯦꯟ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯨꯃꯍꯠꯄꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯅꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯤꯑꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯟ Iꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
2. ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ 2: ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ‘ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯤꯑꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯟ I’ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯖꯥꯏꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ‘ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯤꯑꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯟ II’ꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
꯳.ꯈꯣꯉꯊꯥꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ: ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯦ꯫ ‘ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯤꯑꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯟ II’ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
- ꯑꯃꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ (ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ) ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ? ꯄꯥꯏꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫
- ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯜꯌꯥꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡ (ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯜꯌꯥꯟꯗ ꯑꯅꯤ)ꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯟ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯔꯃꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯤ꯫
꯴.ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ: ꯱.ꯑꯦꯂꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯔꯃꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ "ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯜꯇ (ꯁꯣꯗꯤꯌꯝ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ" ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯁꯨ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯟ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯟꯖꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯟ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯈꯪꯂꯦ?
ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯟ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ : ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯕꯦꯔꯣꯔꯤꯁꯦꯄꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ)ꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯇ (ꯁꯣꯗꯤꯌꯝ)ꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ : ꯏꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯗꯤꯌꯃꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯟ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫
- ꯅꯔꯚ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ: ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯔꯚ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯕꯥ, ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯝꯌꯨꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯇꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯟ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ‘ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯖꯃꯥ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ’ (PRA) ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯁꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯔꯃꯒꯅꯤ, "ꯑꯩꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ?" ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤꯅꯤ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯍꯥꯏ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ‘ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯅꯤꯖꯝ’ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ‘ꯀꯟꯁ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ꯫ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯔꯃꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯂꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯂꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯒꯦ?
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯋꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫
| ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ꯫ | ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯥ꯫ |
|---|---|
| ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ꯫ | ꯑꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯜꯌꯥꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯔꯃꯣꯟ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫ |
| ꯗꯤꯍꯥꯌꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫ | ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ꯫ |
| ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫ | ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫ |
| ꯏꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ (Hypokalemia) . | ꯏꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯃꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫ |
| ꯔꯦꯅꯥꯜ ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯔꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ꯫ | ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ (arteries) ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ꯫ |
| ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ (Cirrhosis)꯫ | ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ꯫ |
| ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯟ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ꯫ | ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ |
ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
| ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ꯫ | ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯥ꯫ |
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| ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯅꯤꯖꯝ (ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦ.) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ. | ꯑꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯜꯌꯥꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯟ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ |
| ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯏꯗ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ | ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯏꯗ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ |
| ꯁꯣꯜꯇ-ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯔꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ꯫ | ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ |
ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯒꯗꯒꯦ?
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯟ ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯥ "ꯐꯤꯜ" ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯋꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯟꯗꯔꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯋꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯕꯦꯇꯥ-ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯗꯤꯍꯥꯌꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯖꯥꯏꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
- ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯟ-ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯤꯑꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯟ-ꯑꯦꯂꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
- ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯟ ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯅꯂꯥꯏꯟꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯀꯄꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯂꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ꯫
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