ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ‘ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ’ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? (Stenosis) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ (Stricture)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯉꯂꯁꯤ!

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ, ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ‘ꯇꯨꯕ’ꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ‘ꯅꯦꯔꯣꯌꯤꯡ’ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ (ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ (ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯛꯆꯔ) ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤ꯫

(ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ (ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯛꯆꯔ) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, (Stenosis) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ (Stricture) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯅꯠꯇꯦ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯏ, ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ, ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ, ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ, ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ) ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫

ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ , ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

(ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ (ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯛꯆꯔ) - ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯗꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯊꯗꯤ "ꯅꯦꯔꯣꯅꯤꯡ" ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ:

• ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ (arteries) ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯔꯣꯇꯤꯗ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ (ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯅꯥꯜ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ (hart valves) ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯠꯔꯜ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ꯫
• ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ , ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ (trachea) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯚꯣꯏꯁ ꯕꯣꯛꯁ (larynx)꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ``Stroke`` (Stroke``) ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯀꯆꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯅꯦꯔꯣꯏꯪꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ:

• ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ . ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁ, ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯜ ꯗꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ . ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯏꯎꯔꯦꯊ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯗꯔ ꯅꯦꯛ꯫
• ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯗꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ . ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯚꯦꯖꯤꯅꯦꯜ (`(Vagina)`) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯛꯁ (`(Cervix)`)꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ? (ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ)

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫

ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ (ꯁꯔꯀꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ) .

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ "ꯊꯣꯡ"ꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕꯥ "ꯄꯥꯏꯄꯁꯤꯡ"ꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:

• ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ (aortic valve stenosis) : ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ (main valve) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯀꯦꯔꯣꯇꯤꯗ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ (Carotid artery stenosis) : ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯛ (TIA) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯨꯠ-ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• (ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ): ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯗꯥ (Stenosis) ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯏ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ (`(Coronary arteries)`) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ (`(Plaque)`)ꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, `(ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯛ)` ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯃꯥꯏꯠꯔꯜ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ (Mitral valve stenosis) : ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯝꯕꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ (pulmonary artery stenosis): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯔꯦꯅꯥꯜ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ (renal artery stenosis) : ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯁꯕꯛꯂꯦꯚꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ (subclavian artery stenosis) (subclavian artery stenosis) (Subclavian artery stenosis) : ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯥꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝꯅꯥ, ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ (Vertebrae) 33ꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫

ꯕꯣꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ `(Spinal canal) ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ `(Spinal canal)` ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯅꯔꯚꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ `(Spinal stenosis) ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫` ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯌꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ (`(Lumbar spine)`) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯦꯛ (`(Cervical spine)`) ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯐꯣꯔꯥꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯅꯔꯚꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯋꯦ (airways) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯨ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ (trachea) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯥꯔ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯏꯅꯇꯨꯕꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯁꯕꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ (tracheal stenosis)ꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯇꯨꯕꯦꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯗꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯐꯪꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫

ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ꯫

ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯖꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯣꯠꯄꯥ (fices) ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯨꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯦꯔꯣꯔꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯖꯤꯌꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯀꯆꯔ (esophageal stricture): ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯖꯤꯌꯁ (esophagus) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯄꯔꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ ꯔꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯛꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯀꯆꯔ (intestinal stricture): ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ (`(Small intestin)`) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯟ (`(Colon)`)ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ `(Small bowel stricture)` ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ `(Colonic stricture)` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ `(ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ)`ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ `(Bowel obstruction)` ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ: ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯜ ꯀꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯜ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ (ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯥꯔ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯕꯤꯂꯤꯌꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯀꯆꯔ (Biliary stricture): ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯗꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯜ (ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯅꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ) ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯜ ꯗꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫ ꯄꯦꯅꯛꯔꯤꯑꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯥꯏꯜ ꯗꯛꯇ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫

ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯗꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯗꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯦꯟꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ:

• ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯗꯔ ꯅꯦꯛ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ (bladder neck contracture): ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯗꯔ (`(Bladder)`)ꯗꯒꯤ ꯏꯎꯔꯦꯊ꯭ꯔꯥ (`(Urethra)`)ꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯦꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ (`(Prostate surgery)`)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯏꯎꯔꯦꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯀꯆꯔ (urethral stricture): ꯏꯎꯔꯦꯊ꯭ꯔꯥ (urethra) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯏꯎꯔꯦꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯏꯎꯔꯦꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯚꯦꯖꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ: ꯚꯦꯖꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯦꯂꯚꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ...ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ:

• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯕꯗꯤ: ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯗꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯅꯥꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯗꯤ: ꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ, ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯕꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯋꯦ (airway) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ: ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁ (esophagus) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯗꯤ: ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯊꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ, ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯊꯣꯡ-ꯊꯥꯀꯄꯥ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯎꯔꯦꯊ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ: ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯀꯄꯥ, ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯝ ꯋꯥꯠꯄꯥ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ? ꯃꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

• ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ (ꯐꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯜ ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ)꯫
• ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ .
• ꯃꯍꯤꯛ ꯄꯛꯄ.
• ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ (`ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ` ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ `ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯥ`)꯫
• ꯑꯇꯩ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯦꯁꯟ (e.g. Crohn’s disease) ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯌꯥꯃꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ .
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ:

• ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯪꯒꯅꯤ .
• ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ/ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
• ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ . ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ, ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯥꯏ.(ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ.
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯨꯕ (ꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯞ) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ . ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯠꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? (ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕ)

ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ:

• ꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯏꯅꯖꯦꯀꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ (``(ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯏꯗ ꯏꯅꯖꯦꯀꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ)``ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ)꯫
• ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯧꯏ:

• ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯂꯨꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ꯫(ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯤꯑꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ)꯫
• ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯦꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫
• ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ `(ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ)` (ꯇꯦꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ) (`(ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯔꯇꯦꯔꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ)`) ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯀꯥꯔ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
• ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫

ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ``ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁꯤꯚ ꯃꯦꯊꯗꯁꯤꯡ'' ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯁꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ:

• ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯆꯪꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯃꯔꯨꯝ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯖꯤꯌꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯃꯔꯨꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ (`(Restenosis)`)꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯐꯣꯂꯣ-ꯑꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ, ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯀꯣꯚꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯨ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯪꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯀꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ:

• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯐ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯧ, ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ (ꯃꯆꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯀꯄꯥ, ꯄꯁ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ, ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯂꯒꯥ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯈꯛꯇꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯨꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯒꯅꯤ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯝ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ (ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ)

ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ, "ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ" ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ "ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯛꯆꯔ" ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ꯫

• ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯤꯒꯅꯨ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯪꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯍꯪꯕꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯅꯤ꯫

` ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ, ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯀꯆꯔ, ꯅꯦꯔꯣꯅꯤꯡ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯖ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ, ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯋꯦ, ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯔꯤ ꯀꯦꯅꯦꯜ, (ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ), (ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯛꯆꯔ), (ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ), (ꯀꯦꯔꯣꯇꯤꯗ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ), (ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ), (ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯤꯑꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ), (ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ)