Zinthu zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza mayeso a mankhwala!

Ngati mutapemphedwa kuti muyesedwe mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe amadziwikanso kuti 'Kuyesa Mankhwala', ndikwachibadwa kumva mantha pang'ono komanso mantha. 'Chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika?' 'Chidzachitika n'chiyani?' Mafunso ambiri angabwere m'maganizo. Chifukwa chake, lero tikambirana za momwe mayeso a mankhwala awa alili, nthawi yomwe amachitika, momwe amachitikira, komanso momwe mungamvetsetse zotsatira zake. Mukadziwa bwino zinthu izi, mutha kupewa mantha osafunikira.

Kodi mayeso a mankhwala ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, mayeso a mankhwala ndi mayeso omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha thupi lanu - monga mkodzo, magazi, tsitsi, kapena malovu - kuti adziwe ngati mwagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ovomerezeka kapena osaloledwa. Mayesowa amachitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana komanso pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana.

Tikamanena kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo, sitikutanthauza mowa ndi fodya wovomerezeka wokha, komanso mankhwala ogulitsidwa kunja kwa sitolo, mankhwala olembedwa ndi dokotala, ndi mankhwala osaloledwa. Koma chinthu chimodzi choyenera kukumbukira ndichakuti mayeso amodzi a mankhwala sangadziwitse nthawi yeniyeni kapena kuchuluka kwa momwe munthu wakhala akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, n'zovuta kudziwa ngati munthu akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mwachisawawa kapena ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Kuchuluka kwa kagayidwe ka mankhwala m'thupi lathu kumasiyana. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti mankhwala ena apezeke m'thupi ndi yosiyana ndi mankhwala aliwonse ndipo imatha kusiyana kwambiri. Pakadali pano, njira yodziwika kwambiri yodziwira mankhwala ndi kuyesa mkodzo (UDT).

Kodi ndiyenera kuyezetsa mankhwala liti?

Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe mungafune kuyezetsa mankhwala. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.

Kuyesa Kuntchito

Kuyezetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi zambiri kumachitika kuntchito. Olemba ntchito anzawo angapemphe mayesowa pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana:

• Musanalembe ntchito wantchito watsopano: Mabungwe ena amachita mayesowa asanalembe ntchito wantchito watsopano.
• Ali pantchito: Mabungwe ena amayesa antchito awo mwachisawawa kapena pa nthawi yake.
• Ngati mukukayikira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo: Ngati khalidwe kapena zizindikiro za wantchito zikusonyeza kuti akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Ngati ngozi yachitika kuntchito: Ngati wantchito wachita ngozi kuntchito, kafukufukuyu angachitenso kuti adziwe chomwe chayambitsa ngoziyo.

Zifukwa Zachipatala & Chithandizo cha Kuledzera

Mayesowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira, kuchiza, ndikuwunika mavuto okhudzana ndi kumwa mowa ndi mavuto ena okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Angathandize kudziwa momwe munthu akumvera bwino akalandira chithandizo, kaya akupitirizabe kumwa mowa, kapena ngati wayambiranso kumwa mowa.

Mayeso amenewa angafunikenso panthawi ya mapulogalamu ochizira omwe alamulidwa ndi khoti, nthawi yoyeserera, kapena pamene mukutenga nawo mbali mu mapulogalamu ochizira anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Zifukwa zina

Palinso zochitika zina zomwe kuyezetsa mankhwala kumafunika.

• Mayeso azachipatala ndi matenda: Madokotala angachite mayesowa kuti apeze chomwe chimayambitsa zizindikiro za munthu, kapena pakagwa mwadzidzidzi ngati akukayikira kuti wamwa mankhwala mopitirira muyeso kapena wapha poizoni. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wina mwadzidzidzi wataya chikumbumtima, izi zingathandize kudziwa ngati wamwa mankhwala aliwonse.
• Pazifukwa zalamulo: Mayeso awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamilandu kuti asonkhanitse umboni wokhudzana ndi upandu, kufufuza milandu yokhudza nkhanza za ana kapena kuika pachiwopsezo, ndikuwona ngati wina akuyendetsa galimoto atamwa mowa kapena mankhwala ena osokoneza bongo.
• Kuwunika Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo: Ngati mukumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso omwe amakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika, monga ma opioid, dokotala wanu angakupatseni mayesowa kuti aone kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo m'thupi lanu.
• Kwa othamanga: Othamanga akatswiri ayenera kuyesedwa izi kuti aone ngati adagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala owonjezera mphamvu kapena zinthu zina zomwe amakhulupirira kuti zimawonjezera mphamvu zawo.

Ndi mitundu iti ya mayeso a mankhwala omwe alipo?

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mayeso a mankhwala, kutengera chitsanzo chachilengedwe chomwe chagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso mtundu wa mankhwala omwe akuyesedwa.

Tiyeni tiwone mitundu ikuluikulu ya mayeso malinga ndi chitsanzo:

• Kuyeza Mankhwala a Mkodzo (UDT): Iyi ndi njira yodziwika kwambiri yoyezera . Imafuna chitsanzo cha mkodzo wanu. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pozindikira zinthu monga mowa, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, opioids, cocaine, ndi chamba (THC).
• Kuyeza Mankhwala Omwe Amamwa: Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito izi makamaka pazochitika zadzidzidzi. Zimathandizanso kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mowa (ethanol) chifukwa zimatha kupereka kuwerengera kolondola.
• Kuyesa Mankhwala a Tsitsi la Follicle:Chitsanzo cha tsitsi chingakuuzeni ngati munthu wakhala akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa nthawi yayitali. Tsitsi lochokera kumutu limatha kuzindikira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mkati mwa miyezi itatu. Tsitsi lochokera ku ziwalo zina za thupi limatha kuzindikira kwa miyezi 12! Komabe, zotsatira zake zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa tsitsi. Cocaine, Phencyclidine (PCP), Amphetamines, Opioids, ndi 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) zitha kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito njira iyi.
• Kuyesa Mankhwala Oletsa Mpweya: Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poyesa ngati munthu wamwa mowa posachedwapa. Zotsatira zake zimatchedwa Breath Alcohol Concentration (BrAC). Akuluakulu amagwiritsa ntchito izi poyesa kuchuluka kwa mowa m'magazi a munthu (BAC). Komabe, nthawi zina kuchuluka kwa BrAC kumatha kukhala kokwera kapena kotsika kuposa kuchuluka kwa BAC. Kafukufuku watsopano akuchitidwanso kuti awone ngati zinthu monga cocaine, chamba, benzodiazepines, amphetamines, opioids, methadone, ndi buprenorphine zitha kupezeka mu mpweya.
• Kuyesa Mankhwala Okhudza Thukuta: Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyika choyezera madzi pakhungu ndikuchichotsa patatha nthawi inayake kuti chiyesedwe. Izi zimapereka chidziwitso chokhudza kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe munthuyo adagwiritsa ntchito panthawi yonse yomwe choyezeracho chidagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuyesa thukuta kumatha kuzindikira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwa maola angapo mpaka milungu ingapo.

Kodi mayeso a mankhwala amapeza chiyani?

Munthu akameza mankhwala, amatengedwa m'mimba mwathu ndipo amafalikira m'thupi lonse. Kenako, chiwindi chathu ndi ziwalo zina zimaswa mankhwalawo, kapena kuwagwiritsa ntchito. Chifukwa cha kagayidwe kameneka, mankhwalawa amasinthidwa kukhala mankhwala ena. Izi zimatchedwa metabolites. Pambuyo pa nthawi inayake, mankhwalawo ndi/kapena metabolites ake amachotsedwa m'thupi, makamaka mu mkodzo.

Choncho, mayeso a mankhwala amachitidwa kuti aone ngati pali mankhwala enaake ndi/kapena ma metabolites awo mu chitsanzo cha zamoyo (monga mkodzo, magazi).

Kagayidwe kameneka kamachitika pamlingo wosiyana pa mankhwala aliwonse. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti mankhwala aliwonse ndi zinthu zake zidziwike ndi mayeso ndi yosiyana.Taganizirani kuti mankhwala ena, monga amphetamines, amatha kupezeka mu mkodzo ngati mankhwala oyamba. Komabe, pa mankhwala ena ambiri, ma metabolites awo amatha kupezeka kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa mankhwala oyamba.

Nthawi zina mayeso a mankhwala amatha kuzindikira mankhwala amodzi okha. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, mankhwala angapo amayesedwa mu chitsanzo chomwecho. Izi zimatchedwa 'Drug Panel Test'. Mitundu ya mankhwala omwe ali mu gululi imasiyana malinga ndi chifukwa cha mayesowo, koma gulu lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti lizindikire kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osaloledwa nthawi zambiri limayang'ana zinthu zisanu izi:

• Amphetamines
• Cocaine
• Chamba (Hemp)
• Opioid
• Phencyclidine `(PCP)`

Zinthu zina zomwe zimayesedwa nthawi zambiri ndi izi:

• Mowa (ethanol)
• Mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo
• Ma Barbiturates
• Benzodiazepines
• Fentanyl
• Heroin
• Hydrocodone
• Methadone
• Methamphetamine
• Morphine
• Nikotini ndi kotinine (zomwe zimapezeka mu fodya)
• Oxycodone

Kodi pali mayeso aliwonse a mankhwala kunyumba?

Inde, zilipo. Pali zida zina zomwe zimakulolani kuyesa mkodzo kunyumba, pamasom'pamaso. Zida zina zingagwiritse ntchito mpweya, malovu, kapena tsitsi. Komabe, kulondola kwa zinthuzi sikofanana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimatha kusiyana. Nthawi zambiri sizimakhala zovuta monga mayeso a labotale. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale mayeso a kunyumba atapereka zotsatira zoyipa, chitsanzo chomwecho chingaperekebe zotsatira zabwino ngati chatumizidwa ku labotale.

Bungwe la American Academy of Pediatrics limalangiza makolo kuti asamayese ana awo mankhwala osokoneza bongo kunyumba. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mayeso a kunyumba sachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Palinso chiopsezo chakuti zotsatira za mayeso a kunyumba zitha kufotokozedwa molakwika. Izi zingakhudzenso ubale pakati pa ana aang'ono ndi makolo.

Kodi ndiyenera kukonzekera bwanji mayeso a mankhwala?

Ndipotu, palibe chomwe muyenera kuchita kuti mukonzekere mayeso a mankhwala.

Mayesowa angachitike mwadzidzidzi, kukonzedwa pasadakhale, kapena mwachisawawa (mwachitsanzo, ngati chinthu chomwe chikufunikira kuntchito nthawi zonse).

Kutengera ndi momwe zinthu zilili, mungafunsidwe za mankhwala aliwonse kapena zowonjezera zomwe mukumwa, chifukwa mankhwala ena amatha kukhudza zotsatira za mayeso.

Kodi mungayembekezere chiyani mukayesa mankhwala?

Kuyezetsa mankhwala kungachitike pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha magazi, tsitsi, malovu, mpweya, kapena, nthawi zambiri, mkodzo (mkodzo).

• Kuti mutenge mkodzo: Muyenera kukodza m'chidebe choyera chomwe mwapatsidwa. Nthawi zina, mungapemphedwe kuti mupereke chitsanzo cha mkodzo pamaso pa namwino kapena katswiri kuti atsimikizire kuti chitsanzocho ndi chanu.
• Kuyesa magazi: Munthu wophunzitsidwa kutenga magazi (katswiri wa matenda a phlebotomist) adzatenga magazi pang'ono kuchokera m'mitsempha yomwe ili m'dzanja lanu kapena m'dzanja lanu.

Chitsanzocho chikatengedwa, chimatumizidwa ku labotale kuti chikawunikidwe.

Kodi zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti mupeze zotsatira za mayeso a mankhwala?

Nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti mupeze zotsatira kuchokera ku mayeso a mankhwala imasiyana, kutengera chifukwa cha mayesowo (monga zadzidzidzi, zokhudzana ndi ntchito), komanso mtundu wa mayesowo.

Zotsatira za mayeso a mkodzo ndi magazi nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mwachangu kuposa zotsatira za mayeso a tsitsi.

Funsani bungwe lomwe lapempha mayeso kuti mudziwe nthawi yomwe mungayembekezere zotsatira zake.

Kodi zotsatira za mayeso a mankhwala ndi ziti?

Zotsatira za mayeso a mankhwala nthawi zambiri zimanenedwa kuti ndi 'zabwino' kapena 'zoipa'.

• Zotsatira zabwino zimatanthauza kuti mankhwala apezeka pamlingo woyenerera kapena woposa womwe watchulidwa pa mayesowo.
• Zotsatira zoyipa zikutanthauza kuti mankhwala omwe akukambidwawo sanapezeke, kapena sanalipo mokwanira kuti apereke zotsatira zabwino.

Kodi zotsatira za mayeso a mankhwala zikuti chiyani?

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe muyenera kukumbukira pomasulira zotsatira za mayeso a mankhwala.

Kumvetsetsa zotsatira zabwino

Kuyezetsa mankhwala kolondola kumangotanthauza kuti munthu anali ndi mankhwala ambiri m'thupi lake panthawi inayake. Kuyezetsa mankhwala kolondola sikutanthauza kuti munthuyo anali ataledzera panthawiyo, komanso sikutanthauza kuti ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Ngati mayeso oyamba a mankhwala akuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino, kuyezetsa kotsimikizira nthawi zambiri kumafunika. Kuyezetsa kotsimikizira kumeneku kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira ina yoyesera mankhwala. Izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha zotsatira zabodza - kutanthauza munthu amene sanagwiritsepo ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo koma ali ndi zotsatira zabwino - ndipo zimawonjezera kulondola kwa mayeso onse a mankhwala.

Mankhwala ndi zakudya zina zingayambitsenso zotsatira zabodza. Mwachitsanzo, kudya mbewu za poppy kungayambitse zotsatira zabwino pa mayeso a opioid. Mofananamo, kumwa mankhwala ozizira omwe amagulitsidwa mumsika wa mankhwala kungayambitse zotsatira zabwino pa phencyclidine (PCP).

Kumvetsetsa Zotsatira Zoyipa

Zotsatira zoyipa pa mayeso a mankhwala zimangotanthauza kuti mankhwala omwe akukambidwawo sanapezeke. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa chakuti mulingo wa mankhwalawo sunali wokwanira kuti upezeke, kapena chifukwa chakuti mankhwalawo adagwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kwa zenera lodziwikiratu. Komabe, zotsatira zoyipa sizimachotsa kwathunthu kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo posachedwapa kapena vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Zotsatira zabodza - kutanthauza kuti, mayeso onena kuti 'ayi' ngakhale wina wagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo - angachitike pazifukwa zingapo:

• Chitsanzocho sichinatengedwe bwino kapena mayesowo sanachitike bwino.
• Munthu amene akufunsidwayo akuyesera kunyenga pa mayeso (monga kupereka chitsanzo cha mkodzo wa wina).
• Kulephera kuyesa mankhwala omwe akukambidwa ndi mayeso enaake (monga, mayeso a amphetamine sazindikira mitundu yonse ya amphetamine).

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Mayeso a mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Ngati muyenera kuyesa mankhwala, zingakhale zovuta pang'ono. Koma kumbukirani, madokotala ndi akuluakulu amafufuza zotsatira izi mosamala kwambiri ndikuyesera kuzimvetsa. Nthawi zambiri, ngati zotsatira zabwino zabweranso, mayeso otsimikizira amafunika kuti athetse kuthekera kwa zotsatira zabodza.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza njira yoyezera mankhwala kapena nthawi yomwe zotsatira zake zapezeka, musazengereze kufunsa munthu amene analamula mayesowo kapena dokotala. Ndi ufulu wanu. Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani kumvetsetsa bwino izi.

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