Kodi muli ndi khansa pansi pa mmero panu? Tiyeni tikambirane za khansa ya Hypopharyngeal!

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo za khansa ya pakhosi ? Mwina munayamba mwadzifunsapo. Lero tikambirana za mtundu wa khansa yomwe imapezeka pakhosi, koma siikunenedwa kwambiri. Iyi imatchedwa Hypopharyngeal Cancer . Mwachidule, imakula pansi pa pakhosi pathu, ndiko kuti, pansi pa pakhosi (`(Pharynx)`), makamaka kumbuyo kwa bokosi la mawu (`(Larynx)`). Tiyeni tiwone izi mwatsatanetsatane, sichoncho?

Kodi khansa imeneyi ndi yofala bwanji?

Ndipotu, khansa ya m'mapapo yopanda mpweya si yofala kwambiri. Tangoganizani, ngakhale m'dziko ngati America, anthu 2000 mpaka 4000 okha ndi omwe amapezeka ndi matendawa pachaka. Koma tikayerekeza ndi khansa ya m'mapapo , chiwerengerocho ndi chochepa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2023 yokha, akuti anthu opitilira mazana awiri zikwi anapezeka ndi khansa ya m'mapapo ku America. Izi zikutanthauza kuti izi ndizosowa kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizimawoneka kawirikawiri.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya hypopharyngeal ndi ziti?

Vuto limodzi apa ndilakuti khansa iyi singasonyeze zizindikiro zilizonse kumayambiriro . Nthawi zina khansa ikhoza kufalikira (kufalikira) pofika nthawi yomwe zizindikiro zimawonekera. Komabe, zizindikiro zomwe zimawonekera zingaphatikizepo:

• Kumva kupweteka pakhosi kapena kumva ngati pali chinachake chomwe chatsekeka pakhosi.
• Kusamveka bwino kwa mawu .
• Kuvuta kumeza chakudya .
• Kupweteka kwa khutu .
• Ma lymph nodes otupa m'khosi .
• Kupuma movutikira kapena chinthu china chomangika pakhosi popanda chifukwa chomveka.
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri (` Kutopa` ).
• Kusintha kwa mawu .
• Kuvuta kupuma kapena phokoso pamene mukupuma (`(Stridor)`).
• Kutsokomola magazi .
• Kukhala woonda popanda chifukwa.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti musaope kuti muli ndi khansa chifukwa chakuti muli ndi zizindikirozi. Chifukwa zizindikirozi zimatha kuwonekanso m'matenda ena ang'onoang'ono. Komabe, ngati zizindikirozi zikupitirira kwa milungu iwiri, ndi bwino kupita kwa dokotala ndikupempha upangiri.

Nchifukwa chiyani khansa ya hypopharyngeal imayamba?

Mwachidule, khansa iyi imayamba m'maselo omwe ali mkati mwa hypopharynx yanu (gawo la pakhosi panu lomwe lili pansi pa pakhosi panu). Ma cell awa amasintha n'kukhala khansa, kugawa mopanda mphamvu ndikupanga zotupa. Akatswiri sanganene chifukwa chake izi zimachitika. Komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wanu wodwala khansa iyi. Izi ndi izi:

• Kusuta: Ichi ndi chinthu chimodzi chomwe chimayambitsa khansa ya pakhosi, kuphatikizapo khansa ya hypopharyngeal. Izi zikuphatikizapo ndudu, ndudu, kusuta fodya pogwiritsa ntchito mapaipi, kugwiritsa ntchito ndudu zamagetsi (`(e-cigarettes)`), kutafuna fodya, chingamu, ndi fodya wotafuna.
• Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso: Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso kumatanthauzidwa ngati kumwa mowa wopitirira mayunitsi awiri patsiku kwa amuna ndi kumwa mowa wopitirira mayunitsi limodzi patsiku kwa akazi.
• Matenda a HPV: Kachilombo ka papilloma ka munthu (HPV) ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana (STI). Kachilomboka kamafalikira kudzera mu kugonana mkamwa ndi munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka.

Kodi ndi mavuto otani omwe angabwere chifukwa cha vutoli?

Khansa ya hypopharyngeal imatha kufalikira ku ma lymph nodes m'khosi ikangoyamba kumene. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala ngati mwawona chotupa m'khosi mwanu. Ngati sichinachiritsidwe, khansa iyi imatha kufalikira kumadera otsatirawa:

• M'mero ​​mwanu (`(Mkodzo)`).
• Mbali zina za pakhosi.
• Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro (`(Chithokomiro)`).
• Trachea (mphuno ya mphepo).
• Fupa la Hyoid (`(Fupa la Hyoid)`).
• Chipinda cha m'mimba mwa chifuwa.
• Minofu yozungulira gawo lapamwamba la msana.
• Mitsempha ya Carotid (`(Mitsempha ya Carotid)`).

Kodi khansa imeneyi imapezeka bwanji?

Mukapita kwa dokotala, adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu, nthawi yomwe mwakhala nazo, komanso ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito fodya kapena mowa, chifukwa zinthuzi zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chotenga khansa iyi.

Kenako dokotala adzakuyang'anani. Adzakhudza khosi lanu kuti aone ngati ma lymph nodes anu atupa, ndipo adzakuyang'anani pakhosi panu.

Kutengera ndi zizindikiro zanu, dokotala wanu angakutumizireni kwa katswiri wa khutu, mphuno, ndi pakhosi (katswiri wa ENT kapena otolaryngologist). Iye ndi katswiri wodziwa matenda ndi kuchiza matenda a mutu ndi khosi. Akhoza kuyitanitsa mayeso monga:

• Endoscopy: Mu mayeso awa, dokotala amaika chubu chachitali, chopyapyala (endoscope) pakhosi panu kuti aone gawo la pansi pa pakhosi panu. Mayeso otchedwa laryngoscopy angachitikenso kuti aone bokosi la mawu (larynx).
• Mayeso a Biopsy (`(Biopsy)`):Dokotala angalamule kuti atenge chitsanzo cha minofu yaing'ono (FNA). Kenako chitsanzo cha minofuyi chimafufuzidwa ndi katswiri wa matenda kuti aone ngati pali maselo a khansa.
• Mayeso ojambulira: Ngati biopsy ikutsimikizira kuti muli ndi khansa ya hypopharyngeal, katswiri wanu wa ENT adzakutumizani kwa katswiri wa khansa. Iye angafune mayeso ojambulira kuti awone ngati khansayo yafalikira kuchokera pansi pa mmero kupita ku ziwalo zina za thupi. Izi zitha kuphatikizapo CT scan (Computed Tomography), MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), kapena PET scan (Positron Emission Tomography).

Tiyeni tiphunzirenso za kuchuluka kwa khansa komanso momwe imayendera.

Kuyesa khansa ndi njira yomwe madokotala a khansa angalankhulire mwatsatanetsatane za khansa. Mwachitsanzo, komwe chotupacho chili, ngati chafalikira, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, komwe, kapena ngati khansayo yafalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi.

Magawo a khansa ya hypopharyngeal amayambira pa Gawo Loyamba - pamene khansayo imafika pansi pa mmero ndipo sinafalikire - mpaka Gawo Lachinayi. Gawo Lachinayi ndi pamene khansayo yafalikira kumadera ena a pakhosi ndi pakamwa, kumbuyo kwa mphuno (nasopharynx), pansi pa chigaza, ndi mkati mwa chifuwa.

Khansa ya hypopharyngeal imagawidwanso m'magulu malinga ndi giredi. Giredi ya khansa imalola madokotala a khansa kuneneratu momwe khansayo idzafalikire mwachangu. Ma giredi awa amayambira pa GX (khansa ili ndi mwayi wochepa wofalikira) mpaka G3 (khansayo ingathe kufalikira).

Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?

Chithandizo chofala kwambiri ndi opaleshoni yochotsa chotupa ndi chithandizo cha radiation kuti muphe maselo otsala a khansa. Dokotala wanu wa khansa angaphatikizenso opaleshoni ndi chemotherapy kapena immunotherapy.

Nazi njira zina zochitira opaleshoni ya khansa ya hypopharyngeal:

• Kuchotsa pharyngectomy pang'ono kapena kwathunthu: Opaleshoni iyi imachotsa pakhosi panu lonse kapena gawo lake. Izi zingaphatikizeponso opaleshoni yotchedwa laryngectomy, yomwe imachotsa bokosi la mawu (larynx). Chifukwa chakuti pakhosi panu pakuthandizani kupuma, stoma, kapena kutsegula, kumapangidwa pambuyo pa opaleshoni kuti chubu chochotsera laryngectomy chilowetsedwe. Mudzapuma kudzera mu chubu ichi mukatha opaleshoni.
• Kuchotsa Mitsempha ya Laryngectomy (`(Kuchotsa Mitsempha ya Laryngectomy)`):Ngati mwachitidwa opaleshoni ya laryngectomy, dokotala wanu angapange dzenje laling'ono (tracheoesophageal puncture - TEP) pakati pa mphuno yanu (trachea) ndi m'mero ​​(m'mero). Apa ndi pomwe chipangizo cholumikizira mawu (laryngectomy speaking device) chimayikidwa.
• Kudula khosi: Dokotala wa opaleshoni angachite izi kuti achotse ma lymph nodes omwe akhudzidwa m'khosi.
• Opaleshoni ya roboti ya Transoral (TORS): Opaleshoni iyi imalola madokotala kuchotsa zotupa za khansa m'malo ovuta kufikako, monga pansi pa mmero.
• Opaleshoni yokonzanso: Pambuyo pa opaleshoni yochotsa pakhosi lonse kapena gawo la bokosi la mawu, opaleshoni yokonzanso ingafunike kuti ibwezeretse ntchito monga kudya, kupuma, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo cholankhulira.

Opaleshoni ya khansa ya pakhosi ingakhudze luso lanu lolankhula, kudya, ndi kupuma. Musanachite opaleshoni, funsani dokotala wanu momwe chithandizocho chidzakukhudzireni. Mwachitsanzo, mungagwire ntchito ndi katswiri wa matenda a chilankhulo (Speech-language pathologist) kuti muphunzire njira zothetsera mavuto aliwonse olankhula kapena kumeza omwe angabwere chifukwa cha opaleshoni.

Kodi pali njira yopewera khansa iyi?

Ngakhale kuti sizingatheke kupeweratu izi, pali zinthu zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi khansa ya hypopharyngeal:

• Kusiya kusuta fodya kotheratu komanso kupewa utsi wa fodya womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi munthu wina.
• Kusiya kumwa mowa kapena kuchepetsa kumwa mowa.
• Dzitetezeni ku matenda a HPV mwa kulandira katemera wa kachilombo ka HPV ndikuchita zogonana zodziteteza.

Kodi ndiyenera kuyembekezera chiyani ngati ndili ndi vutoli?

Khansa ya hypopharyngeal ikhoza kubwereranso (kubwereranso) pambuyo pa chithandizo. Izi zimawonjezeranso chiopsezo chotenga khansa yamtundu wina kwina m'thupi. Madokotala amatcha iyi "khansa yachiwiri."

Chifukwa chake, muyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala nthawi zonse kuti muthandize gulu lanu losamalira khansa kuyang'anira thanzi lanu lonse ndikuwona zizindikiro za kubwereranso, kufalikira (kufalikira kwa khansa ya hypopharyngeal), kapena khansa yachiwiri. Kukumana ndi dokotala kungaphatikizepo mayeso ojambula zithunzi ndi mayeso akuthupi. Kukumana ndi dokotalayu kungakonzedwe motere:

• Miyezi iwiri iliyonse pachaka choyamba mutalandira chithandizo.
• Miyezi inayi iliyonse m'chaka chachiwiri .
• Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse m'chaka chachitatu .
• Kamodzi pachaka m'chaka chachinayi ndi chachisanu .
• Nthawi zina, gulu lanu lochiza khansa lingakulangizeni kuti mupitirizebe kukaonana ndi dokotala kwa moyo wanu wonse .

Kodi kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amapulumuka ndi kotani?

Poganizira za kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya hypopharyngeal, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti izi ndi ziwerengero zochokera ku zomwe zinachitikira ena omwe adadwala khansa ya hypopharyngeal. Kuchuluka kwa khansa kumasiyana kwambiri kutengera ngati khansa ili pamalo omwewo pomwe idayambira, yafalikira ku minofu yapafupi ndi ma lymph nodes ('regional'), kapena yafalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi ('kutali').

Komanso, kuchuluka kwa matendawa kungasiyane malinga ndi thanzi lanu lonse komanso zinthu zina. Funsani dokotala wanu wa khansa kuti akufotokozereni momwe kuchuluka kwa matendawa kumagwirira ntchito pa vuto lanu. Iye amakudziwani inu ndi thanzi lanu lonse, kotero iye ndiye gwero labwino kwambiri la chidziwitso.

Kodi izi zingathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu?

Nthawi zina, khansa ya hypopharyngeal imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi opaleshoni ndi mankhwala ena. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri ngati chotupacho chili chochepera masentimita awiri ndipo sichinafalikire. Komabe, mwatsoka, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa iyi amapezeka matendawa akafika pamlingo wapamwamba.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji?

Ngati mwachitidwa opaleshoni ya pakhosi, muyenera kuphunzira njira zatsopano zopumira ndi kulankhula. Zingakhale kusintha kwakukulu kuti muthane nako. Chifukwa chake, musazengereze kufunsa dokotala wanu wa chilankhulo kuti akuthandizeni. Akhoza kukhala ndi malingaliro othandizira magulu othandizira anthu omwe akuchira opaleshoni ya pakhosi.

Nazi njira zina zomwe mungadzisamalire nokha:

• Ganizirani za kupulumuka khansa. Khansa ya hypopharyngeal ingabwererenso, kapena khansa yachiwiri ingayambe. Mutha kuda nkhawa ndi tsogolo lanu. Mapulogalamu ambiri ochiritsira khansa amaphatikizapo chithandizo cha thanzi la maganizo.
• Pitirizani kupewa kusuta fodya komanso kuchepetsa kumwa mowa.
• Idyani bwino. Opaleshoni ya pakhosi ingakhudze luso lanu lodya ndi kumwa. Funsani katswiri wa zakudya (katswiri wa zakudya) kuti akupatseni malangizo ndi mapulani a chakudya. Funsani katswiri wanu wa kulankhula ndi chilankhulo za njira zothetsera mavuto aliwonse omwe angasokoneze kudya bwino.

Ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Zimatengeradi momwe mulili komanso chithandizo chanu. Funsani gulu lanu losamalira khansa zizindikiro kapena mavuto omwe mungayembekezere, komanso nthawi yomwe muyenera kuwalankhula.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wa oncologist?

Mukapita kwa dokotala, ndikofunikira kwambiri kufunsa mafunso ngati awa:

• Kodi khansa yanga ili pamlingo wotani?
• Kodi ndi njira ziti zochiritsira zomwe mumalimbikitsa?
• Ngati ndichitidwa opaleshoni, ndi mapulogalamu ati othandizira omwe alipo kuti andithandize kuthana ndi kusintha komwe kungachitike?
• Kodi chithandizo chidzakhudza bwanji moyo wanga?
• Kodi pali mayeso aliwonse azachipatala omwe ndili woyenera kuchita?

Zinthu zoti muzikumbukire mwachidule

Khansa ya hypopharyngeal ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri. Mwatsoka, nthawi zambiri imapezeka khansa ikafalikira. Pankhaniyi, mungafunike kuchitidwa opaleshoni yayikulu kenako kusintha moyo wanu ndikukhala pansi pa utsogoleri wa dokotala moyo wanu wonse.

Ngati muli ndi khansa iyi, mudzasangalala kudziwa kuti aliyense amene ali m'gulu lanu losamalira khansa ndi wodzipereka kukuthandizani. Adzakuthandizani kumvetsetsa matenda anu ndi njira zomwe mungasankhire. Adzakuthandizaninso pamene mukuphunzira kukhala ndi moyo ndi kusintha komwe kungabweretse chithandizo cha khansa. Musazengereze kupempha thandizo lawo. Nthawi zonse ndi bwino kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala ngati muli ndi pakhosi lopweteka, mukuvutika kumeza, kapena mawu anu asintha kwa milungu yoposa iwiri.