Kodi mwakhala mukutsokomola kwa masiku angapo? Mwina ndi kuyetsemula pang'ono? Nthawi zambiri timaganiza izi ngati zizindikiro za chimfine. Koma nthawi zina kumbuyo kwa zizindikiro zazing'onozi pakhoza kukhala china chake chomwe tiyenera kusamala nacho. Lero tikambirana za vuto la m'mapapo lomwe anthu ambiri sanamvepo, koma ndilofunika kudziwa. Limenelo ndi Lung Carcinoid Tumors. Musachite mantha mukamva dzinali ndi mawu akuti "chotupa". Tiyeni timvetse bwino izi.
Kodi Matumbo a Carcinoid a M'mapapo ndi Chiyani?
Mwachidule, uwu ndi mtundu wa chotupa cha khansa chomwe chimapangika m'mapapo. Koma sichimafalikira mwachangu monga momwe tingaganizire tikamva mawu oti "khansa." Zotupazi zimachokera ku mtundu wapadera wa selo m'mapapo mwathu wotchedwa ``Neuroendocrine cells.''
Ganizirani maselo a "Neuroendocrine" awa ngati amithenga ang'onoang'ono m'thupi lathu. Amatha kulandira mauthenga monga maselo amitsempha, ndipo, monga maselo a endocrine, amapanga mahomoni kutengera mauthenga amenewo kuti azilamulira ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'thupi. M'mapapo, maselowa amathandiza kulamulira zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe timapuma komanso kuyenda kwa magazi.
Kotero, pazifukwa zina, pamene maselowa ayamba kugawikana mosalamulirika, chotupa chimapangika pamenepo. Ichi ndi chomwe timachitcha `(Carcinoid Tumor)`. Zotupazi zimathanso kupangika m'malo ena m'thupi, monga m'mimba ndi impso. Koma pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a izo zimapangidwa m'mapapo.
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mtedza uwu.
Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kudziwa, chifukwa chithandizo ndi mtundu wa matendawa zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wake.
1. Zotupa za Carcinoid
Mtundu uwu ndi wofala kwambiri . Ndiwo umayimira 90% ya zotupa za khansa ya m'mapapo zomwe zapezeka. Gawo labwino kwambiri ndilakuti zotupazi zimakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo sizimafalikira kwambiri m'ziwalo zina za thupi. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri zimatha kuchiritsidwa bwino.
2. Zotupa za Carcinoid Zosazolowereka
Mtundu uwu siwofala kwambiri. Umatha kukula mofulumira pang'ono kuposa mtundu wamba. Umafalikiranso kwambiri ku ziwalo zina za thupi. Zapezekanso kuti chiopsezo chotenga mtundu uwu wa ``(Atypical)`` ndi chachikulu pakati pa osuta.
Chofunika ndichakuti, kaya ndi mtundu wanji, izi ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yachizolowezi ndipo zimayankha bwino chithandizo.
Kodi zizindikiro za izi ndi ziti?
Nthawi zambiri, makamaka omwe ali ndi ma cysts "ofala" , anthu ambiri samakhala ndi zizindikiro zilizonse.Izi nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mwangozi panthawi ya X-ray pachifuwa pazifukwa zina. Komabe, anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro izi:
Ndipereka makhalidwe amenewa patebulo kuti ndiwamvetse mosavuta.
| Mtundu wa khalidwe | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Zizindikiro zofala zokhudzana ndi mapapo | |
| Chifuwa | Kutsokomola pafupipafupi, nthawi zina ndi mamina kapena magazi pang'ono. |
| Kupweteka pachifuwa | Ululu, makamaka mukapuma mozama. |
| Kuvuta kupuma (kupuma movutikira) | Ululu umamveka ngakhale mukugwira ntchito wamba. |
| Phokoso la mluzu pamene mukupuma | Kupuma movutikira ndi phokoso lomwe limamveka munthu akamapuma, mofanana ndi la munthu amene ali ndi vuto la mphumu. |
| Zizindikiro Zogwirizana ndi Carcinoid Syndrome | |
| Kutupa kwambiri | Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mahomoni monga serotonin omwe amapangidwa ndi chotupacho. |
| Kufiira kwa nkhope ndi khosi | Kufiira mwadzidzidzi ndi kutuluka kwa mawanga pankhope ndi pakhosi. |
| Kulemera popanda chifukwa | Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha zotsatira za mahomoni. |
Zizindikiro zimenezi, zotchedwa `Carcinoid Syndrome`, zimachitika chifukwa chotupacho chimapanga mahomoni ambiri kuposa momwe thupi limafunira ndipo chimawawonjezera m'magazi. Komabe, izi sizimawonekera kawirikawiri.
N’chifukwa chiyani zotupa zimenezi zimayamba? Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli?
Asayansi sakudziwabe chifukwa chake maselo a "neuroendocrine" amenewa amayamba kugawikana mosalamulirika, koma apeza kuti anthu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa.
- Zifukwa za majini: Pali vuto la majini losowa kwambiri lobadwa nalo lotchedwa ``Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1).`` Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a khansa.
- Kusuta: Kusuta kungathandize kuti matenda a khansa ayambe, makamaka matenda a "achilendo".
- Jenda: Akazi ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa.
- Zaka: Ngakhale kuti matendawa amapezeka kwambiri pakati pa anthu azaka zapakati pa 45 ndi 55, matendawa amatha kuchitika kwa aliyense wazaka zilizonse, ngakhale ana aang'ono.
Kodi mungazindikire bwanji matendawa?
Chabwino, tiyerekeze kuti muli ndi zizindikiro izi. Mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala, choyamba adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu, kenako adzafufuza mapapu anu ndi stethoscope. Kenako angakufunseni mayeso angapo kuti atsimikizire matendawa.
1. Kujambula: Gawo loyamba ndi X-ray ya pachifuwa . Izi zingathandize kudziwa ngati pali vuto lililonse m'mapapo. Kujambula kwa CT (Computed Tomography scan) kungachitike kuti kudziwike bwino kukula ndi malo a chotupacho.
2. Kuyesa magazi ndi mkodzo: Kuyesa kumeneku kumathandiza kuona ngati mahomoni ena opangidwa ndi zotupazi alipo m'magazi kapena mkodzo.
3. Kuyeza kwa thupi: Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yotsimikizira matendawa 100%. Chomwe chikuchitika pano ndikutenga kachidutswa kakang'ono kwambiri ka minofu kuchokera ku chotupacho ndikuchiyang'ana pansi pa maikulosikopu. Izi zitha kudziwanso ngati chotupacho ndi "Chachizolowezi" kapena "Chosazolowereka". Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti mupeze chotupachi ndi bronchoscopy . Apa, chubu chopyapyala, chosinthasintha chokhala ndi kamera chimadutsa pakamwa kapena mphuno kupita ku mpweya wa m'mapapo ndipo gawo la chotupacho limapezedwa.
Kodi imachiritsidwa bwanji?
Ndondomeko yanu ya chithandizo idzadalira mtundu, kukula, malo a chotupacho, ndi thanzi lanu lonse. Nthawi zambiri, zotupazi zimatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu .
Opaleshoni
Chithandizo chachikulu komanso chopambana kwambiri cha izi ndi kuchotsa chotupacho opaleshoni.
- Kuchotsa chotupa ndi gawo laling'ono la mapapo ozungulira.
- Kuchotsa chiwalo cha mapapo: Kuchotsa chiwalo cha mapapo, kapena gawo lalikulu, la mapapo.
- Kuchotsa mapapo: Nthawi zambiri, ngati pakufunika, mapapo onse amachotsedwa.
Pa opaleshoni, ma lymph nodes angapo omwe ali pafupi ndi chotupacho amachotsedwanso ndikuwunikidwa kuti awone ngati maselo a khansa afalikira kwa iwo.
Mankhwala ena
Ngati chotupacho sichingathe kuchotsedwa kwathunthu, kapena ngati chafalikira kumadera ena, chithandizo china chingafunike.
- Chithandizo cha Radiation: Kuwononga maselo a khansa pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwamphamvu kwambiri.
- Chithandizo cha mankhwala: Mankhwala monga `(Octreotide)` amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa zizindikiro za `Carcinoid Syndrome`, ndipo mankhwala monga `(mTOR inhibitors)` amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kukula kwa chotupacho.
- Chemotherapy: Popeza zotupa zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimakula pang'onopang'ono, chemotherapy, yomwe imapha maselo omwe amagawikana mofulumira, nthawi zambiri siigwiritsidwa ntchito. Komabe, nthawi zina ingakhale yofunikira pa zotupa zomwe zimakula mofulumira za mtundu wa "atypical".
Kodi matendawa angachiritsidwe kwathunthu?
Funso limene anthu ambiri ali nalo ndi ili. Madokotala amakayikira pang'ono kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "wochiritsidwa kwathunthu" akamanena za khansa, chifukwa nthawi zonse pamakhala mwayi wochepa woti ibwererenso.
Komabe, zotupa za carcinoid zomwe zimapezeka nthawi zambiri zimachiritsidwa komanso zimachiritsidwa . Chiwopsezo chobwereranso pambuyo pa chithandizo ndi chochepera 4%. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu 96 mwa 100 sadzabwereranso.
Kuchiza zotupa zosazolowereka n'kovuta pang'ono. Zingafunike chithandizo chophatikizana. Ponseponse, 89% ya anthu omwe amapezeka ndi matendawa (kuphatikizapo mitundu yonse iwiri) amakhalabe ndi thanzi labwino patatha zaka 5. Izi ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pa mtundu wa khansa.
Kodi muyenera kupita liti ku ETU? Kodi muyenera kupita liti ku uphungu wa dokotala?
Chofunika kwambiri ndi kusamala thupi lanu. Ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu pazochitika zotsatirazi.
| Mwayi | Zoyenera kuchita |
|---|---|
| Kaonaneni ndi dokotala wanu. | |
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zatsopano kapena zoipiraipira:
| |
| Pitani ku Chipinda Chothandizira Padzidzidzi (ETU) nthawi yomweyo. | |
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zazikulu izi:
| |
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda a khansa ya m'mapapo ndi khansa yosowa kwambiri yomwe imayamba m'mapapo. Koma ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yachizolowezi.
- Mtundu wofala kwambiri (wamba) umakula pang'onopang'ono kwambiri ndipo ukhoza kuchiritsidwa pafupifupi kwathunthu ndi chithandizo .
- Anthu ambiri saona zizindikiro zilizonse , choncho musanyalanyaze zinthu monga chifuwa chosatha kapena kupuma movutikira.
- Chithandizo chachikulu ndi kuchotsa chotupacho opaleshoni .
- Ngati muli ndi mantha kapena kukayikira za matendawa, chinthu chabwino kuchita ndikulankhulana momasuka ndi dokotala wanu . Iye adzakupatsani chidziwitso chonse ndi malangizo omwe mukufuna.
- Ngati mukusuta fodya, kusiya kusuta ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera ku matenda ambiri okhudzana ndi mapapo.
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