Zinthu zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza khansa ya chithokomiro

Kodi munamvapo za khansa ya chithokomiro ? Mwina mnzanu kapena wachibale wanu adadwalapo vutoli. Kapena mwina mudaliwonapo m'nyuzipepala kapena pa intaneti. Ngakhale kuti ndi mawu owopsa pang'ono, ndikofunikira kwambiri kulimvetsa bwino. Lero, tikambirana za khansa ya chithokomiro, momwe imakulira, zizindikiro zake, komanso mankhwala ake. Musadandaule, ndikuganiza kuti izi zikuthandizani kumvetsetsa bwino.

Kodi chithokomiro ndi khansa ya chithokomiro ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, chithokomiro ndi kachithokomiro kakang'ono kooneka ngati gulugufe komwe kali pansi pa khosi lanu. Ndikofunikira kwambiri chifukwa kamapanga mahomoni omwe amalamulira momwe thupi lanu limagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, kapena kagayidwe kachakudya . Ma mahomoni awa amathandizanso kuwongolera kutentha kwa thupi , kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi kugunda kwa mtima .

Choncho, khansa ya chithokomiro ndi pamene maselo a chithokomiro amayamba kukula modabwitsa komanso mosalamulirika. Imaikidwa m'gulu la khansa ya endocrine. Koma chabwino kwambiri n'chakuti nthawi zambiri, ndi khansa yochiritsika komanso yochiritsika . Chiŵerengero cha machiritso chilinso chokwera kwambiri.

Kodi khansa ya chithokomiro imeneyi ndi yofala bwanji?

Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti izi zimakhudza anthu angati. Mukayang'ana deta ku United States, milandu yatsopano ya khansa ya chithokomiro pafupifupi 53,000 imapezedwa chaka chilichonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sizosowa kwenikweni. Koma monga tanenera kale, mitundu yambiri ya khansa ya chithokomiro imachiritsidwa kwambiri . Komabe, tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti anthu pafupifupi 2,000 amafa ndi matendawa chaka chilichonse.

Chinanso n’chakuti akazi ali ndi mwayi wochuluka wopeza khansa ya chithokomiro katatu kuposa amuna. Nthawi zambiri imapezeka mwa akazi azaka za m’ma 40 ndi 50, komanso mwa amuna azaka za m’ma 60 ndi 70. Musadabwe, nthawi zina ngakhale ana aang’ono amatha kudwala matendawa.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya khansa ya chithokomiro ndi iti?

Madokotala amagawa khansa ya chithokomiro kutengera mtundu wa maselo omwe khansayo imachokera. Pali mitundu ingapo ikuluikulu:

• Khansa ya papillary: Mtundu uwu umakhala pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya khansa yonse ya chithokomiro. Umakula pang'onopang'ono kwambiri. Khansa ya papillary imayankha bwino kwambiri chithandizo, ngakhale itafalikira ku ma lymph nodes m'khosi. Izi zikutanthauza kutiKuthekera kochira n’kokwera kwambiri, ndipo chiopsezo cha kuvulala kwa moyo n’chochepa kwambiri.
• Khansa ya follicular: Mtundu uwu umakhala pafupifupi 15 peresenti ya khansa ya chithokomiro. Imatha kufalikira kwambiri ku mafupa ndi ziwalo zamkati, monga mapapo. Ikafalikira, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuchiza ( khansa yofalikira ).
• Khansa ya Medullary: Mtundu uwu umakhala pafupifupi 2 peresenti ya khansa ya chithokomiro. Pafupifupi kotala la anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya medullary ali ndi mbiri ya m'banja lawo ya matendawa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusintha kwa majini kungakhale chifukwa chake.
• Khansa ya Anaplastic: Iyi ndi mtundu wovuta kwambiri komanso woopsa kwambiri kuchiza . Imakula mofulumira kwambiri ndipo imafalikira mofulumira ku minofu yozungulira ndi ziwalo zina za thupi. Komabe, ndi yosowa kwambiri, yomwe imapanga pafupifupi 2 peresenti ya khansa ya chithokomiro.

Kodi magawo a khansa ya chithokomiro amadziwikira bwanji?

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira yowonera momwe khansa yafalikira, yotchedwa magawo a khansa. Kawirikawiri, maselo a khansa ya chithokomiro akafalikira (metastasize) choyamba ku minofu yapafupi ndi ma lymph node. Kenako amatha kufalikira ku ma lymph node akutali, ziwalo, ndi mafupa.

Pali magawo a khansa ya chithokomiro, kuyambira pa gawo limodzi (I) mpaka anayi (IV). Mwachidule, chiwerengero chikakwera, khansa imafalikira kwambiri. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za izi, ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu.

Kodi zizindikiro zochenjeza za khansa ya chithokomiro ndi ziti?

Inu kapena dokotala wanu mungamve chotupa kapena chotupa pang'ono pakhosi panu. Timachitcha kuti chotupa cha chithokomiro. Koma kodi simuyenera kuda nkhawa ndi kupezeka kwa chotupa? Chotupa chambirichi si khansa (choipa) . Pa avareji, pafupifupi 3 mwa 20 mwa 20 mwa thyroid nodules ndi khansa (yoopsa).

Pakhoza kukhalanso zizindikiro zina:

• Kuvuta kupuma kapena kumeza .
• Kusintha kwa mawu, kumveka kwa mawu .
• Ma lymph nodes otupa m'khosi.

Kodi zizindikiro zake ndi ziti ngati khansa yafalikira?

Nthawi zina khansa ya chithokomiro imatha kufalikira (kufalikira) ku ziwalo zina za thupi. Ngati izi zitachitika, zizindikiro monga:

• Kumva kutopa nthawi zonse.
• Chakudya chilibe kukoma .
• Kusanza ndi kusanza.
• Kukhala woonda popanda chifukwa.

Kodi zimayambitsa khansa ya chithokomiro ndi ziti?

Akatswiri sakudziwa chifukwa chake maselo ena amakula ndi kuukira chithokomiro. Komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe zapezeka kuti zikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha matendawa. Mwachitsanzo, kukhudzana ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, kudya zakudya zochepa za ayodini, ndi zinthu zina za majini.

Nazi zina mwa zinthu zomwe zingakubweretsereni chiopsezo:

• Kukulira kwa chithokomiro (goiter).
• Kukhala ndi mbiri ya banja la matenda a chithokomiro kapena khansa ya chithokomiro.
• Matenda a chithokomiro ndi kutupa kwa chithokomiro.
• Matenda a endocrine amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini. Mwachitsanzo, matenda monga Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) kapena type 2B (MEN2B).
• Kusakwanira kwa ayodini mu zakudya.
• Kunenepa kwambiri (kuchuluka kwa thupi).
• Atalandira chithandizo cha radiation cha khansa ya m'mutu ndi m'khosi, makamaka ali mwana.
• Kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu zotulutsa mphamvu ya nyukiliya kapena ngozi za mafakitale amagetsi.

Kodi khansa ya chithokomiro imapezeka bwanji?

Ngati muli ndi chithokomiro chotupa kapena zizindikiro zina, dokotala wanu angachite chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi:

• Kuyezetsa magazi: Izi zitha kuwona kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro kuti ziwone ngati chithokomiro chikugwira ntchito bwino.
• Kuyeza magazi: Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga chitsanzo cha maselo ang'onoang'ono kuchokera ku chithokomiro pogwiritsa ntchito singano yaying'ono kuti aone ngati pali maselo a khansa. Nthawi zina, kuyezetsa magazi kumachitidwanso kuti aone ngati khansa yafalikira ku ma lymph node. Kuyeza kwa ultrasound kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuti kupeze malo enieni a khansa panthawi yoyezetsa magazi.
• Kujambula kwa radioiodine: Izi zingathandize kudziwa ngati khansa ilipo komanso ngati yafalikira. Mumameza piritsi laling'ono lomwe lili ndi ayodini wotetezeka wa radioactive. Gland yanu ya thyroid imayamwa ayodini kwa maola angapo. Kenako chipangizo chapadera chimayesa kuchuluka kwa radioactive yomwe ili mu gland. Ngati pali madera omwe radioactivity ili yochepa, kuyezetsa kwina kumafunika kuti muwone ngati pali khansa m'madera amenewo.
• Kujambula zithunzi zina: Kujambula kwa ayodini woipa, kujambulidwa kwa computed tomography (CT), ndi kujambulidwa kwa positron emission tomography (PET) kumatha kuzindikira khansa ya chithokomiro ndikutsimikiza ngati yafalikira.

Kodi khansa ya chithokomiro imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo chimadalira kukula kwa chotupacho komanso ngati khansayo yafalikira. Pali njira zingapo zazikulu zochizira:

• Opaleshoni: Iyi ndiyo njira yochizira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Kutengera ndi kukula ndi malo a chotupacho, dokotalayo angachotse gawo la chithokomiro (lobectomy) kapena chithokomiro chonse (thyroidectomy). Angachotsenso ma lymph nodes apafupi komwe maselo a khansa afalikira.
• Chithandizo cha radioiodine: Monga momwe amachitira ndi radioiodine scan, izi zimaphatikizapo kupereka piritsi kapena madzi okhala ndi ayodini ya radioactive. Komabe, mlingo wake ndi wokwera kuposa womwe waperekedwa pa scan. Ayodini iyi imachepa ndikuwononga chithokomiro ndi maselo a khansa omwe ali ndi matenda. Chithandizochi ndi chotetezeka kwambiri. Chithokomiro chimayamwa ayodini yambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lonse likhale ndi mphamvu zochepa zowunikira.
• Chithandizo cha radiation: Radiation imapha maselo a khansa ndikuletsa kukula kwawo. Mu chithandizo cha radiation chakunja, makina amatsogolera kuwala kwamphamvu kwa radiation mwachindunji ku khansa. Mu chithandizo cha radiation chamkati, mbewu zazing'ono za radioactive zimayikidwa mkati kapena mozungulira khansa.
• Mankhwala Ochepetsa Matenda a Chithokomiro: Mankhwala ochepetsa matenda a chithokomiro, omwe amaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha kapena pakamwa, amapha maselo a khansa ndikuletsa kukula kwa khansa. Komabe, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa ya chithokomiro safunikira mankhwala ochepetsa matenda a chithokomiro.
• Chithandizo cha mahomoni: Chithandizochi chimagwira ntchito poletsa kutulutsa mahomoni omwe amathandiza khansa kufalikira kapena kukulanso.

Kodi mavuto a khansa ya chithokomiro ndi otani?

Khansa ya chithokomiro imatha kufalikira (kufalikira kwa maselo) ku ziwalo zina za thupi, monga chiwindi, mapapo, kapena mafupa. Ngati khansayo yapezeka ndi kuchiritsidwa msanga, chiopsezo cha kufalikira kumeneku chingachepe.

Ngakhale khansa ya chithokomiro ikachira, nthawi zina imatha kubwereranso (kubwereranso) . Chifukwa khansa ya chithokomiro imakula pang'onopang'ono, zingatenge zaka 20 kuti ibwererenso. Pafupifupi 30 peresenti ya odwala khansa ya chithokomiro adzabwerera.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti mukatha opaleshoni ya chithokomiro kapena kulandira chithandizo, thupi lanu limafunika mahomoni a chithokomiro. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kumwa mapiritsi a mahomoni a chithokomiro kwa moyo wanu wonse. Mwachitsanzo, mahomoni opangidwa monga `(levothyroxine)` amaperekedwa. Awa amatenga malo a mahomoni omwe thupi silipanga mwachilengedwe. Izi nthawi zambiri sizimayambitsa zotsatirapo zoyipa, koma muyenera kupita kukayezetsa kuchipatala nthawi zonse kuti muwone thanzi lanu.

Kodi khansa ya chithokomiro imakhudza bwanji mimba?

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti khansa ya chithokomiro ndi khansa yachiwiri yomwe imapezeka kwambiri panthawi ya mimba.(Choyamba ndi khansa ya m'mawere.) Pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya khansa ya chithokomiro imayamba panthawi ya mimba kapena mkati mwa chaka choyamba mutabereka. Akatswiri amaganiza kuti kusintha kwa mahomoni panthawi ya mimba kungakhale chifukwa.

Ngati mwapezeka ndi khansa ya chithokomiro panthawi ya mimba, dokotala wanu adzakulankhulani za njira zochiritsira. Kutengera mtundu ndi kuopsa kwa khansa, chithandizo chingachedwe mpaka mwana atabadwa. Ngati sizingatheke, anthu ambiri akhoza kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti achotse chithokomiro cha khansa. Komabe, sikoyenera kuchitidwa opaleshoni ya radiation kapena chithandizo panthawi ya mimba kapena mukuyamwitsa.

Kodi zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti munthu achire pambuyo pa chithandizo cha khansa ya chithokomiro?

Nthawi yomwe izi zimatenga kuti izi zichitike imasiyana malinga ndi munthu. Zinthu zambiri zimakhudza izi, kuphatikizapo zaka zanu, kukula kwa chotupa, gawo la khansa, ndi mtundu wa chithandizo chomwe mudalandira. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za zomwe mungayembekezere panthawi ya chithandizo chanu komanso mutalandira chithandizo.

Kodi khansa ya chithokomiro ingapewedwe?

Anthu ambiri amadwala khansa ya chithokomiro popanda chifukwa chomveka, kotero zimakhala zovuta kuiletsa kwathunthu. Komabe, ngati mukudziwa kuti muli pachiwopsezo cha khansa ya chithokomiro, pali njira zomwe mungachite.

• Opaleshoni yopewera (yopewera): Mayeso a majini amatha kudziwa ngati muli ndi kusintha kwa majini komwe kumawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi matenda monga khansa ya chithokomiro kapena multiple endocrine neoplasia. Ngati muli ndi jini, mutha kuchitidwa opaleshoni yopewera kuti muchotse chithokomiro khansa isanayambe.
• Potassium iodide: Ngati mwakumana ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kuchokera ku ngozi ya nyukiliya (monga ngozi ya Fukushima ku Japan mu 2011), kumwa potassium iodide (Pima®) mkati mwa maola 24 kungachepetse chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi khansa ya chithokomiro mtsogolo. Potassium iodide imagwira ntchito poletsa chithokomiro kuyamwa ayodini wambiri wowopsa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chithokomiro chikhale ndi thanzi labwino.

Kodi chiŵerengero cha mankhwala a khansa ya chithokomiro ndi chotani?

Anthu asanu ndi atatu mwa anthu khumi omwe ali ndi khansa ya chithokomiro ali ndi mtundu wa papillary womwe watchulidwa kale. Khansa ya chithokomiro ya papillary ikapezeka mkati mwa gland, kuchuluka kwa moyo wa zaka zisanu kumakhala pafupifupi 100 peresenti. Khansa ikafalikira (yomwe yafalikira), kuchuluka kwa matendawa kumakhala pafupifupi 80 peresenti. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, pa avareji, munthu amene ali ndi khansa ya chithokomiro ya papillary ali ndi mwayi wa 80 peresenti wopulumuka zaka zosachepera zisanu atapezeka ndi matendawa, poyerekeza ndi munthu amene alibe matendawa.

Nazi zaka zisanu zomwe khansa ya chithokomiro imapulumuka:

• Follicular: Pafupifupi 100% ngati ikupezeka mu gland; pafupifupi 63% ngati ikupezeka paliponse.
• Medulary:Ngati yangotsala pang'ono kulowa m'thupi, imakhala pafupifupi 100%; ngati yafalikira, imakhala pafupifupi 40%.
• Anaplastic: Pafupifupi 31% ngati yakhazikika mu gland; pafupifupi 4% ngati yafalikira.

Kodi khansa ya chithokomiro ingachiritsidwe kwathunthu?

Inde, mitundu yambiri ya khansa ya chithokomiro imatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu ndi chithandizo, makamaka ngati maselo a khansa sanafalikire mbali zakutali za thupi. Ngakhale chithandizo sichichiritsa khansa kwathunthu, dokotala wanu adzapanga dongosolo la chithandizo kuti awononge khansa yambiri momwe angathere ndikuletsa kuti isamere kapena kufalikira.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi khansa ya chithokomiro, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro izi:

• Chotupa chatsopano chikuwonekera pakhosi.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa kugunda kwa mtima.
• Kuchepa thupi kapena kunenepa popanda chifukwa.
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Ngati muli ndi khansa ya chithokomiro, ndi bwino kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso monga awa:

• N’chifukwa chiyani ndinadwala khansa ya chithokomiro?
• Ndi khansa yamtundu wanji ya chithokomiro yomwe ndili nayo?
• Kodi khansa yafalikira kunja kwa chithokomiro changa?
• Kodi chithandizo chabwino kwambiri cha khansa yamtunduwu ndi chiyani?
• Kodi zoopsa ndi zotsatirapo zake za chithandizo ndi ziti?
• Kodi ndikufunika chithandizo cholowa m'malo mwa mahomoni a chithokomiro?
• Kodi banja langa lili pachiwopsezo chotenga khansa yamtunduwu? Ngati ndi choncho, kodi tiyenera kuyezetsa majini?
• Kodi ndingathe kudwala khansa ya chithokomiro kachiwiri?
• Kodi ndili pachiwopsezo chotenga mitundu ina ya khansa?
• Kodi ndi chisamaliro chotani chomwe ndikufunika pambuyo pa chithandizo?
• Kodi ndiyenera kuda nkhawa ndi zizindikiro za mavuto?

Pomaliza, ndiyenera kunena… (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Ndizachibadwa kukhala ndi mantha komanso nkhawa mukapezeka ndi khansa. Izi ndi zoona mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa khansa yomwe ili nayo. Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti khansa zambiri za chithokomiro zimayankha bwino kwambiri chithandizo ndipo zimakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wochira. Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani njira zabwino kwambiri zochizira khansa ya chithokomiro yanu.

Mukalandira chithandizo, mungafunike kumwa mahomoni a chithokomiro opangidwa moyo wanu wonse. Ma mahomoniwa ndi ofunikira pa ntchito zambiri zofunika m'thupi. Nthawi zambiri samayambitsa zotsatirapo zoyipa. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuti muyezedwe nthawi zonse kuti muwone thanzi lanu. Khalani ndi chiyembekezo, tsatirani malangizo a dokotala wanu, ndipo mutha kuthana ndi vutoli bwino.