Kodi khosi lanu latupa? Tiyeni tikambirane za goiter!

Anthu ambiri mwina amachita mantha pang'ono akaona kutupa pang'ono pakhosi pawo, sichoncho? Ichi ndi chiyani? Mwina munamvapo za ' Gout '. Lero tikambirana za vutoli, lomwe limadziwika kuti `( Goiter )`. Musaope, chofunika kwambiri ndikudziwa izi.

Kodi chithokomiro ichi ndi chiyani?

Chabwino, choyamba tiyeni tiwone kuti `(Goiter)` iyi kapena thyroid gland iyi ndi chiyani. Thyroid gland iyi ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono kooneka ngati gulugufe m'khosi mwanu, makamaka pansi pa khosi. Ichi ndi gawo la `( Endocrine system )` ya thupi lathu.

Ngakhale kuti ndi ang'onoang'ono, mahomoni opangidwa ndi chithokomiro ndi ofunikira kwambiri. Mahomoni awiri akuluakulu opangidwa pano ndi thyroxine (yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa `(T4)`) ndi triiodothyronine (yomwenso imatchedwa `(T3)`). Mahomoni awa amagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika kwambiri m'thupi lathu. Mwachitsanzo:

• Kagayidwe ka thupi lathu ndi njira yomwe chakudya chomwe timadya chimasandutsidwira mphamvu.
• Kulamulira kutentha kwa thupi .
• Zinthu monga nkhawa zathu, maganizo athu, ndi zina zotero.
• Kugunda kwa mtima .
• Njira yogaya chakudya .

Mukuona, ngakhale kuti ndi kakang'ono, kamagwira ntchito yambiri. Choncho ngakhale kuti chiwalochi chikangotupa, kapena kupanga mahomoni ambiri kapena ochepa kwambiri, tikhoza kukhala ndi mavuto.

Kotero, kodi pali mitundu ina iliyonse ya mwala uwu?

Inde, goiter iyi ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: Choyamba chimadalira momwe imakulira ndipo china chimadalira kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro.

Amagawidwa malinga ndi momwe amakulira:

• Goiter Yosavuta Kapena Yofalikira: Apa ndi pamene chithokomiro chonse chimatupa ndipo chimamva chofewa chikakhudza.
• Chiphuphu cha Nodular Goiter: Mu izi, chotupa cholimba kapena chodzaza madzi (nodule) chimakula mkati mwa chithokomiro, chomwe chimamveka ngati chotupa chikakhudzidwa.
• Multinodular Goiter: Apa ndi pamene timibulu tambiri timamera mkati mwa chithokomiro. Timibuluti timeneti tingaonekere kuchokera kunja kapena tingathe kupezeka panthawi yoyezetsa.

Kugawidwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro:

• Toxic Goiter: Pachifukwa ichi, chithokomiro chimatupa ndipo chimapanga mahomoni ambiri a chithokomiro. Izi zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi vuto lotchedwa hyperthyroidism.
• Goiter Yopanda Poizoni: Pankhaniyi, chithokomiro chimakhala chotupa, koma kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumakhala kwabwinobwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe hyperthyroidism kapena hypothyroidism, yomwe ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro. Madokotala amatchanso vutoli kukhala euthyroid.

Nthawi zina madokotala amaphatikiza mitundu iwiriyi. Mwachitsanzo, "Toxic Multinodular Goiter" ndi vuto lomwe ma nodule angapo amapangika mu chithokomiro ndikupanga mahomoni ochulukirapo.

Ndani amene ali ndi mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi mtundu uwu wa ndulu?

Ndipotu, aliyense akhoza kudwala goiter. Komabe, akuti akazi ali ndi mwayi wochuluka wopeza goiter kuposa amuna . Komanso, chiopsezo chotenga goiter chimawonjezeka ndi ukalamba. Chimachitika kwambiri munthu akakwanitsa zaka 40 .

Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda otsatirawa ali ndi mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi miyala ya ndulu:

• Kunenepa kwambiri
• Kukana kwa insulin
• Matenda a kagayidwe kachakudya

Komanso, ngati mwakhala mukulandira chithandizo cha radiation kumutu ndi pakhosi, kapena ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi mbiri ya matenda a chithokomiro m'banja mwanu , muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga goiter.

Kodi vutoli ndi lofala bwanji?

Khansa ya ndulu ndi matenda ofala kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ku United States, pafupifupi 5% ya anthu ali ndi khansa.

Koma padziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa chachikulu cha goiter ndi kusowa kwa ayodini . Akuti anthu pafupifupi 2.2 miliyoni akuvutika ndi vutoli.

Kuthekera kwa matenda a goiter kumasiyana malinga ndi kuopsa kwa kusowa kwa ayodini:

• Ngati pali kusowa kochepa kwa ayodini , pali mwayi wa 5% mpaka 20% woti munthu adwale goiter.
• Ngati kusowa kwa ayodini kuli kochepa , kumawonjezeka kufika pakati pa 20% ndi 30%.
• Ngati kusowa kwa ayodini kuli kwakukulu , mwayi wokhala ndi goiter ukhoza kukwera kufika pa 30%.

Ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe ndidzakumana nazo ngati ndili ndi ndulu?

Goiter imatha kukula kuyambira yaying'ono kwambiri, yosaoneka bwino, mpaka yayikulu kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, goiter siipweteka. Komabe, ngati muli ndi thyroiditis, yomwe ndi nthawi yomwe thyroid gland yanu imatupa ndikufiira, mutha kumva kupweteka.

Zizindikiro zazikulu zitha kuwoneka ngati izi:

• Zikumveka ngati chotupa kutsogolo kwa khosi lanu , pansi pa khosi.
• Kumva ngati chinachake chatsekeredwa pakhosi .
• Kusanza mawu (kusintha kwa mawu).
• Mitsempha ya m'khosi ikuoneka ngati ikutupa.
• Kumva chizungulire mukakweza manja pamwamba pa mutu.

Pali zizindikiro zina zomwe sizimafala kwambiri:

• Kupuma movutikira .
• Chifuwa.
• Kulira kwa mluzu pamene mukupuma (chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa mpweya).
• Kuvuta kumeza (chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa m'mero).

Anthu ena angakhalenso ndi vuto lotchedwa hyperthyroidism, lomwe ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro pamodzi ndi goiter. Ngati izi zitachitika, zizindikiro monga:

• Kugunda kwa mtima mwachangu (Tachycardia) .
• Kuchepa thupi popanda chifukwa .
• Kutsegula m'mimba.
• Kutuluka thukuta ngakhale popanda kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena ngakhale kutentha kwa chipinda sikuli kokwera kwambiri.
• Kugwedezeka kwa thupi.
• Nkhawa.

Komanso, anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi vuto lotchedwa hypothyroidism, lomwe ndi vuto lomwe mahomoni a chithokomiro amachepa pamodzi ndi goiter. Pankhaniyi, mungaone zizindikiro monga:

• Kumva kutopa kwambiri (Kutopa) .
• Kudzimbidwa.
• Khungu louma.
• Kukula popanda chifukwa .
• Kusakhazikika kwa msambo mwa akazi.

N’chifukwa chiyani mwala wa ndulu uwu umapangika? Kodi zimayambitsa chiyani?

Goiter kwenikweni ndi yankho losinthika la maselo a gland yanu ya chithokomiro ku njira iliyonse yomwe imasokoneza kupanga mahomoni a chithokomiro. Ngakhale kusowa kwa ayodini ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha goiter padziko lonse lapansi, palinso zifukwa zina zambiri.

Zinthu zomwe zingayambitse miyala ya ndulu ndi izi:

• Kusowa kwa ayodini: Chithokomiro chanu chimafuna ayodini kuti chipange mahomoni a chithokomiro. Ngati simupeza ayodini wokwanira kuchokera muzakudya zomwe mumadya, chithokomiro chimayesetsa kupanga mahomoni ambiri a chithokomiro. Chimapanga maselo ambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chimakula. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, m'maiko ngati Sri Lanka, izi zimachepa pang'ono chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mchere wokhala ndi ayodini. Titha kupeza ayodini wofunikira kuchokera ku nsomba zam'madzi, mkaka, ndi mchere wokhala ndi ayodini. Komabe, kumwa mankhwala owonjezera ayodini popanda upangiri wa dokotala sikoyenera kwa anthu ambiri, chifukwa kungayambitse mavuto ena azaumoyo.
• Matenda a Graves: Uwu ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa chitetezo chamthupi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chitetezo chamthupi chanu chimaukira chithokomiro chanu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikule. Matenda a Graves angayambitsenso matenda otchedwa hyperthyroidism, omwe amafunika kuchiritsidwa.
• Matenda a Hashimoto: Uwu ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa chitetezo chamthupi. Umayambitsa kutupa kwa chithokomiro. Mwa anthu ena, matenda a Hashimoto amachititsa kuti chithokomiro chikule ngati vuto lobwezera. Mtundu uwu wa goiter nthawi zambiri umakhala bwino wokha pakapita nthawi. Komabe, anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda a Hashimoto amafunika kumwa mapiritsi a mahomoni a chithokomiro.
• Khansa ya chithokomiro:Khansa ya chithokomiro ingayambitsenso kuti chithokomirocho chikule.
• Mimba: Pa nthawi ya mimba, chithokomiro chimatha kukula pang'ono chifukwa cha mahomoni otchedwa ``Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)'' omwe amapangidwa m'thupi la mkazi.
• Matenda a chithokomiro: Kutupa kwa chithokomiro kungayambitsenso kuti chithokomirocho chikule. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa izi.

Nthawi zina, matenda a goiter amatha kubuka popanda chifukwa chenicheni. Timawatcha kuti ``Sporadic goiters``. Mankhwala ena angayambitsenso izi. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala ``Lithium``, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ena amisala, angayambitse mtundu uwu wa goiter.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji izi?

Mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala, amatha kuyang'ana khosi lanu ngati pali chithokomiro chokulirapo pochimva. Koma goiter imatanthauza kuti pali vuto ndi chithokomiro chanu chokulirapo. Choncho muyenera kudziwa vuto limenelo.

Madokotala amachita mayeso angapo pa izi:

• Kuyezetsa thupi: Monga ndanenera kale, dokotala adzakhudza khosi lanu kuti aone ngati pali zotupa kapena ululu.
• Kuyezetsa magazi a chithokomiro: Kuyezetsa magazi kumeneku kumayesa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro. Izi zingathandize kudziwa ngati chithokomiro chikugwira ntchito bwino.
• Kuyesa kwa ma antibodies: Kuyesa kwa magazi kumeneku kumayang'ana ma antibodies enieni opangidwa ndi mitundu ina ya goiter. Ma antibodies ndi mapuloteni opangidwa ndi maselo oyera a magazi athu. Izi ndi zomwe zimatiteteza ku majeremusi omwe amayambitsa matenda.
• Chithokomiro cha ultrasound: Chithokomiro cha ultrasound ndi mayeso omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde amphamvu kwambiri kuti adutse minofu ya thupi. Zithunzi zomwe zimatuluka zimawonetsedwa pa kompyuta. Dokotala amatha "kuona" chithokomiro cha thyroid, kuwona kukula kwake komanso ngati pali zotupa zilizonse.
• Kufufuza za khansa: Kufufuza za khansa ndi njira yowunikira yomwe imafuna kutenga chitsanzo cha minofu kapena maselo ndikuwayesa mu labu. Ngati muli ndi chotupa chachikulu mu chithokomiro chanu, mungafunike kufufuzidwa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti mupewe khansa.
• Kutenga ndi kusanthula chithokomiro: Kuyesa uku kumapereka chidziwitso chokhudza kukula ndi ntchito ya chithokomiro. Kumaphatikizapo kubaya zinthu zochepa kwambiri za radioactive mumtsempha ndikupanga chithunzi cha chithokomiro pa kompyuta. Komabe, kuyesaku sikumachitika nthawi zonse ndipo kumagwira ntchito pazochitika zapadera zokha.
• Kujambula kwa CT kapena MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging):Ngati ma tonsils ndi akulu kwambiri kapena afalikira pachifuwa, CT scan kapena MRI ingachitike kuti iyese kukula ndi kufalikira kwa ma tonsils.

Kodi miyala ya m'matumbo idzakhala bwino yokha?

Matenda a goiter osavuta amatha kuchira okha pakapita nthawi, popanda chithandizo chilichonse.

Matenda ambiri a goiter, monga multinodular goiter, amayamba pamene kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro kuli bwino. Dokotala akangowazindikira, palibe chithandizo chapadera chomwe chikufunika. Komabe, mungakhale pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi hypothyroidism kapena hyperthyroidism mtsogolo.

Komabe, ngati mukuona kuti chithokomiro chanu chakula, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupita kwa dokotala . Chifukwa pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa goiter, zina mwa izo zimafuna chithandizo.

Kodi mankhwala omwe alipo ndi ati?

Chithandizo cha goiter chimadalira kukula kwa chithokomiro chanu, zizindikiro zanu, komanso chomwe chimayambitsa. Pali njira zingapo zochizira:

• Palibe chithandizo / “Kudikira mosamala”: Ngati goiter ndi yaying'ono ndipo sikukuvutitsani, dokotala wanu angaganize kuti chithandizo sichikufunika. Koma iye adzayang'anira kwambiri chithokomiro chanu kuti aone ngati chasintha.
• Mankhwala:
• Levothyroxine (monga Levothroid®, Synthroid®) ndi mankhwala obwezeretsa mahomoni a chithokomiro. Dokotala wanu angakulembereni mankhwalawa ngati goiter yanu imayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro (hypothyroidism).
• Ngati chifukwa cha goiter ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro (Hyperthyroidism), mankhwala ena amaperekedwa. Zitsanzo ndi Methimazole (monga Tapazole®) ndi Propylthiouracil.
• Ngati chifukwa cha kutupa kwa matoni ndi kutupa, dokotala angakupatseni aspirin kapena corticosteroid.
• Chithandizo cha ayodini chogwiritsa ntchito ma radiation: Chithandizochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza hyperthyroidism. Mu chithandizochi, ayodini wogwiritsa ntchito ma radiation amatengedwa pakamwa. Ayodini iyi imalowa mu chithokomiro ndikuwononga maselo a chithokomiro, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chithokomirocho chichepe. Pambuyo pa chithandizochi, mungafunike kumwa mapiritsi olowa m'malo mwa mahomoni a chithokomiro kwa moyo wanu wonse.
• Opaleshoni: Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni opaleshoni yotchedwa thyroidectomy kuti muchotse gland yonse ya chithokomiro chanu kapena gawo lake. Opaleshoni ingakhale yofunikira ngati goiter ndi yayikulu ndipo imayambitsa kuvutika kupuma kapena kumeza. Opaleshoni nthawi zina imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchotsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Opaleshoni nthawi zambiri imafunika ngati pali khansa. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa gland ya chithokomiro yomwe yachotsedwa, mungafunike kumwa mapiritsi olowa m'malo mwa mahomoni a chithokomiro kwa moyo wanu wonse.

Kodi tingaletse izi?

Mtundu wokhawo wa goiter womwe tingathe kupewa ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa ayodini (goiter yosavuta) womwe nthawi zambiri tingathe kupewa. Mtundu uwu wa goiter ungapewedwe mwa kuwonjezera nsomba zokwanira, mkaka, ndi mchere wokhala ndi ayodini (mchere wa patebulo) muzakudya. Kwa mitundu ina ya goiter, kumwa mankhwala owonjezera ayodini kapena mankhwala ena owonjezera popanda upangiri wa dokotala nthawi zambiri sikuvomerezeka. Angavulaze kwambiri kuposa kupindulitsa.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha vutoli ndi chotani? (Zomwe zidzachitike)

Kuyezetsa kwa matenda a ndulu kumadalira mtundu wake ndi chifukwa chake.

Chigoba chosavuta chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino. Komabe, ngati chithokomiro chikupitiriza kukula, chikhoza kukankhira minofu yozungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupuma kukhale kovuta, kumeza, komanso kumveka mawu.

Ngati goiter ndi chizindikiro cha matenda ena a chithokomiro, monga matenda a Graves kapena matenda a Hashimoto, chiyembekezo cha matendawa chimadalira chifukwa chomwe chimayambitsa kukula kwa chithokomiro chanu.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita liti kwa dokotala chifukwa cha matenda anga a ndulu?

Pazifukwa zilizonse, ngati mwapezeka ndi goiter, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukaonana ndi dokotala nthawi zonse (osachepera kamodzi pachaka) kuti ayang'anire.

Ngati muyamba zizindikiro zatsopano, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu.

Chithokomiro chanu ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri mu dongosolo lanu la endocrine, chomwe chimakhudza zinthu zambiri m'thupi lanu. Chithokomiro chachikulu chingakhale chizindikiro cha vuto la chithokomiro. Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti matenda a goiter amatha kuchiritsidwa ndipo nthawi zina amatha okha. Ngati muwona chotupa kutsogolo kwa khosi lanu, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Iye akhoza kufufuza ngati ndi goiter ndi chomwe chikuyambitsa.

Uthenga Womaliza Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Chabwino, kuchokera pa zomwe takambiranazi, ndikukhulupirira kuti mwamvetsa bwino Goiter. Mwachidule:

• Goiter ndi kutupa kwa chithokomiro. Izi zitha kukhala ndi zifukwa zambiri.
• Ngati mukuona chinthu monga kutupa pakhosi, kuvutika kumeza, kupuma movutikira, kapena kusintha mawu, onetsetsani kuti mwapeza upangiri wa dokotala.
• Si miyala yonse ya ndulu yomwe imafunika chithandizo, koma ndikofunikira kupeza chomwe chikuyambitsa ndikupeza chithandizo ngati pakufunika kutero.
• Ngakhale kusowa kwa ayodini ndi chifukwa chachikulu padziko lonse lapansi, vutoli ndi lochepa m'dziko lathu chifukwa cha mchere wokhala ndi ayodini.
• Musamwe mapiritsi a mahomoni a chithokomiro kapena ayodini popanda upangiri wa dokotala.
• Ngati muli ndi goiter, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mufufuze nthawi zonse monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera.

Palibe choopa, mavuto awa akhoza kuthetsedwa bwino motsogozedwa ndi dokotala.