Tiyeni tiphunzire za chigoba chofunika kwambiri pakati pa thupi lathu: chigoba cha m'mbali.

Kodi mukudziwa kuchuluka kwa mafupa omwe tili nawo m'thupi lathu? Munthu wamkulu amakhala ndi mafupa pafupifupi 206. Mafupa awa amagawidwa m'magawo awiri akuluakulu. Chimodzi ndi dongosolo lanu la mafupa lothandizira, ndipo china ndi dongosolo lanu la mafupa a axial. Lero tikambirana za dongosolo ili la mafupa a axial. Mwachidule, ichi ndi gawo la thupi lathu lomwe lili pakati, monga thunthu.

Kodi chigoba cha axial ndi chiyani?

Chigoba cha axial ndi dongosolo la mafupa omwe amaikidwa motsatira mzere wowongoka wa thupi lanu, kutanthauza kuti, molunjika pakati. Taganizirani ngati thunthu la mtengo, limapanga chimango chachikulu, pakati pa thupi lathu. Mawu oti "axial" amachokera ku liwu loti "axis," lomwe limatanthauza "axis" kapena "mzere wapakati." Chifukwa chake mafupa awa ali m'mbali mwa pakati pa thupi lathu.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa machitidwe a axial ndi skeletal skeletal systems ndi kotani?

Tsopano muli ndi funso, kodi kusiyana kwa mafupa a axial ndi mafupa a appendicular ndi kotani? N'zosavuta kwambiri. Mafupa a axial ndi mafupa omwe ali pamutu panu, pakhosi, kumbuyo, ndi pachifuwa . Mafupa ena onse, ndiko kuti, mafupa omwe amalumikizidwa ndi mafupa a axial, ndi a a appendicular skeleton . Mwachitsanzo, mapewa anu, chiuno, manja, zala, miyendo, ndi zala zonse ndi za mafupa a appendicular. Mwachidule, mafupa a axial ali pakati, ndipo mafupa a appendicular amalumikizidwa nawo ndipo amafalikira ngati nthambi.

Kodi ntchito yaikulu ya chigoba cha axial ndi yotani?

Ndiye kodi ntchito yaikulu ya dongosolo la mafupa la axial ndi yotani? Taganizirani ngati chithandizo chachikulu m'thupi lathu.

Chigoba ichi chimateteza ubongo wanu, msana, ndi ziwalo zofunika mkati mwa thupi lanu, ndikuzipatsa chitetezo chofanana ndi khushoni.

Komanso, minofu yomwe imasuntha mutu wanu, khosi, ndi thupi lanu imalumikizidwa ndi dongosolo lomweli la mafupa. Minofu yomwe imakuthandizani kupuma ndi minofu yomwe imathandiza kuti ziwalo zina za dongosolo lothandizira mafupa zikhale zolimba nazonso zimalumikizidwa ndi izi. Mwanjira ina, izi si mafupa ochepa okha, koma dongosolo lomwe limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'thupi lathu.

Kodi pali mafupa angati mu dongosolo la mafupa a axial?

Kodi mukudziwa kuti pali mafupa angati mu chigoba cha m'mbali? Pali mafupa 80, kunena zoona. Ichi ndi chiwerengero chachikulu mwa mafupa 206 omwe ali mu chigoba chathu chonse.

Kodi zigawo zazikulu zisanu za dongosolo la mafupa a axial ndi ziti?

Chigoba cha m'mbali chili ndi zigawo zazikulu zisanu. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili komanso kufunika kwa gawo lililonse m'thupi lathu.

1. Chigaza

Chigaza chanu chimapangidwa ndi zigawo ziwiri: mafupa asanu ndi atatu a khungu ndi mafupa khumi ndi anayi a nkhope.

• Mafupa a Cranial: Izi ndi zomwe zimapanga pamwamba ndi kumbuyo kwa mutu wanu, ndipo zimathandizanso ndikuteteza ubongo wanu .Akuphatikizapo mafupa awiri a parietal (kumanzere ndi kumanja), mafupa awiri a temporal (kumanzere ndi kumanja), fupa la kutsogolo (kupanga mphumi), fupa la occipital (kumbuyo kwa mutu), fupa la ethmoid, ndi fupa la sphenoid.
• Mafupa a Nkhope: Awa ndi mafupa omwe amapanga nkhope yanu ndipo amagwira ntchito ngati malo olowera m'thupi lanu (mwachitsanzo, mphuno yanu ndi pakamwa panu). Izi zikuphatikizapo mafupa awiri a maxilla (nsagwada yapamwamba), mafupa awiri a zygomatic (mafupa a masaya), fupa la mandible (nsagwada yapansi, fupa lokhalo la chigaza lomwe limayenda mukamalankhula kapena kudya), mafupa awiri a mphuno, mafupa awiri a palatine (omwe amapanga denga la pakamwa panu), mafupa awiri a concha ya m'mphuno, mafupa awiri a lacrimal (omwe amalumikiza glands ya misozi), ndi fupa la kusanza (lomwe limagawanitsa mphuno) .

2. Makutu Osamveka

Chotsatira ndi khutu. Mafupa ang'onoang'ono a khutu lapakati ndi mafupa ang'onoang'ono kwambiri m'thupi lanu. Mafupa atatu ang'onoang'ono awa ndi omwe amachititsa kuti phokoso liziyenda kuchokera ku khutu kupita mkati mwa khutu. Amagwira ntchito ngati mlatho wawung'ono.

• Mafupa atatu m'khutu lililonse ndi awa: Malleus (wooneka ngati nyundo), Incus (wooneka ngati chitoliro), ndi Stapes (wooneka ngati mzere).
• Kotero pali mafupa ang'onoang'ono asanu ndi limodzi ngati awa m'khutu lililonse. Popanda iwo, kumva kwathu kukanakhala kovuta kwambiri.

3. Fupa la Hyoid m'khosi

Fupa la hyoid lili pakhosi. Ndi fupa looneka ngati chipewa cha akavalo lomwe lili kutsogolo kwa khosi. Chapadera ndichakuti fupa ili silikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi fupa lina lililonse. Limagwiridwa ndi minofu ndi mitsempha pakati pa fupa la nsagwada yanu ndi chithokomiro chanu. Fupa la hyoid limakuthandizani kupuma, kulankhula, ndi kumeza . Lilinso ndi minofu yomwe imakuthandizani kusuntha lilime lanu.

4. Mzere wa Msana

Chotsatira ndi msana wathu, kapena vertebral column. Ichi ndiye chithandizo chachikulu cha thupi lathu. Chili ndi vertebrae 24 , kuphatikiza sacrum yanu ndi coccyx . Msana uwu umayambira pansi pa chigaza chanu mpaka m'chiuno mwanu. Umagawidwa m'magawo asanu akuluakulu:

• Mitsempha Isanu ndi Iwiri ya Msana wa Msana: Izi ndi zomwe zimapanga khosi lanu ndikuthandizira mutu wanu. Zimakuthandizani kutembenuza mutu wanu mmwamba, pansi, ndi mbali ina.
• Mitsempha Khumi ndi iwiri ya Chifuwa: Izi ndi zomangira kumbuyo kwa nthiti zanu. Nthiti zimamatirira ku izi.
• Minofu Isanu ya Lumbar: Iyi ndi imene imalemera kwambiri m'thupi lanu. Minofu ya kumbuyo nayonso imakhudzidwa. Imagwira ntchito yaikulu tikamawerama ndikunyamula zolemera.
• Sacrum: Ili ndi fupa la katatu lopangidwa ndi mafupa asanu a msana omwe amasonkhana pamodzi. Limapanga khoma lakumbuyo la chiuno chanu.
• Coccyx: Iyi ili pansi kwambiri pa msana. Ndi fupa laling'ono lopangidwa ndi kuphatikizika kwa mafupa atatu mpaka asanu a msana. Minofu yambiri ya thupi imalumikizidwa nayo.

Msana wathu, womwe ndi njira yaikulu ya mitsempha yochokera muubongo, umadutsa msana. Choncho msana umatetezanso msana.

5. Khola la Chifuwa/Nthiti

Pomaliza, khoma la pachifuwa, kapena khola la pachifuwa. Ichi ndi chomwe chimateteza ziwalo zanu zofunika monga mtima ndi mapapo anu. Chili ngati khola lotetezeka. Chilinso ndi minofu yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi kupuma ndi kusuntha manja anu. Mafupa omwe ali pakhoma la pachifuwa ndi awa:

• Chifuwa cha m'chiuno: Ichi ndi fupa lalitali, lathyathyathya lomwe limatsika pakati pa chifuwa. Nthiti zambiri zimamangiriridwa patsogolo.
• Nthiti 24: Aliyense nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nthiti 12. Izi zimalumikizana ndi msana wa pachifuwa kumbuyo ndipo (makamaka) ndi sternum kutsogolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthitiyo ikhale yozungulira.

Ndi matenda ati omwe angakhudze mafupa a axial?

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone matenda omwe angakhudze dongosolo la mafupa la axial. Ena mwa iwo amachitika ndi kusintha kwa thupi pamene tikukalamba. Ena angayambitsidwe ndi matenda kapena ngozi. Nazi zina mwa matenda:

• Ankylosing Spondylitis: Uwu ndi mtundu wa nyamakazi. Pakapita nthawi, umayambitsa kutupa kwa msana ndi kupweteka kwa msana. Pakapita nthawi, mafupa a msana amatha kugwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti msana usapiringizike.
• Axial Spondylometaphyseal Dysplasia: Ichi ndi matenda a chibadwa cha kukula kwa mafupa omwe angayambitse kuchepa kwa kutalika (kukula).
• Fibrous Dysplasia: Pa vutoli, fupa labwino limalowedwa m'malo ndi minofu yonga mafupa, yomwe ingayambitse mafupa kusweka mosavuta.
• Kusweka kwa mafupa: Kuchuluka kwa mafupa kumachepa tikamakalamba. Mafupa omwe ali ndi kufooka kochepa amatha kusweka mosavuta. Ngakhale chinthu chonga kugwa chingayambitse kusweka kwa mafupa.
• Melorheostosis: Iyi ndi matenda osowa kwambiri omwe mafupa akunja amakula kapena kukulirakulira.
• Matenda a Osteoporosis: Uwu ndi matenda odziwika bwino. Ngati simukupeza calcium yokwanira kapena mulibe vitamini D wokwanira, mafupa anu amatha kufooka ndikusweka mosavuta.
• Matenda a Paget a mafupa: Uwu ndi matenda omwe mafupa amakula ndi kufooka kuposa momwe amakhalira. Izi zingayambitse kupweteka kwa mafupa, nyamakazi, komanso kufooka kwa mafupa.

Ngati zinthu zotere zitachitika, ndikofunikira kwambiri kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi tingasunge bwanji dongosolo la mafupa la axial ili lathanzi?

Ndiye kodi tingatani kuti mafupa amtengo wapataliwa akhale athanzi? Chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite ndikukhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Nazi zinthu zina zomwe mungachite kuti mafupa anu akhale olimba komanso athanzi:

• Maseŵero Olimbitsa Thupi: Maseŵero olimbitsa thupi monga kuyenda ndi kuthamanga komanso maseŵero olimbitsa thupi monga kunyamula zolemera zonse zimathandiza kulimbitsa mafupa anu. Maseŵero olimbitsa thupi olemera makamaka ndi abwino kwambiri pakukula kwa mafupa.
• Gonani mokwanira: Gonani maola osachepera asanu ndi awiri usiku uliwonse. Pamenepo ndi pamene mafupa anu amakhala ndi nthawi yochira ndikukonzanso.
• Khalani ndi kulemera koyenera: Kulemera kwambiri kwa thupi kungayambitse kupanikizika kosafunikira pa mafupa, makamaka msana.
• Pezani calcium ndi vitamini D wokwanira: Phatikizani mkaka, yogurt, tchizi, ndiwo zamasamba zobiriwira (sipinachi, kale), nsomba zazing'ono (monga ma sprat okhala ndi zipolopolo zawo), ndi amondi muzakudya zanu. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri polimbitsa mafupa. Ndi bwinonso kupeza vitamini D kuchokera ku dzuwa la m'mawa.
• Musasute fodya: Kusuta fodya kumachepetsa magazi kupita ku mafupa. Kuchuluka kwa magazi m'thupi n'kofunika kwambiri kuti mafupa akhale athanzi. Kusuta fodya kumachepetsanso kuchulukana kwa mafupa.
• Chepetsani kumwa mowa: Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso kumawononganso thanzi la mafupa.
• Pitani kuchipatala nthawi zonse: Ngati muli ndi zaka zoposa 65, makamaka ngati ndinu mkazi, funsani dokotala wanu kuti akuthandizeni kuti muyezetse kuchuluka kwa mafupa mukatha kusamba. Izi zingathandize kuzindikira matenda monga osteoporosis msanga.

Pomaliza, kumbukirani izi.

Kotero, mafupa a axial omwe takambirana lero ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la thupi lathu, lopangidwa ndi mafupa 80 pakati pa mtima. Mafupa amenewa, omwe ali pamutu, pakhosi, kumbuyo, ndi pachifuwa, amateteza ndi kuteteza ubongo wathu, chingwe cha msana, ndi ziwalo zamkati.

Popeza matenda osiyanasiyana amatha kukhudza mafupa awa, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti akhale athanzi komanso olimba. Kumbukirani, mwa kutsatira moyo wathanzi, mutha kuchepetsa kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda ndi ngozi. Ngati mudzisamalira bwino, mafupa anu adzakusamaliraninso bwino! Choncho yesetsani kukhala ndi thanzi labwino ndi kudya zakudya zoyenera, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mokwanira, komanso kupuma mokwanira.

Chigoba cha Axial , Mafupa, Chigaza, Msana, Nthiti, Thanzi la Mafupa, Msana wa Vertebrae