Kodi inunso mukuda nkhawa ndi chifuwa chachikulu (TB)? Tiyeni tikambirane za mayeso a chifuwa chachikulu!

Chifuwa chachikulu, kapena TB monga momwe tonse timachidziwira, ndi matenda omwe anthu ambiri adamvapo, ndipo ndi owopsa pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, mayeso a TB awa ndi mayeso omwe amachitidwa kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi matendawa kapena ayi. Kunena zoona, amafufuza ngati mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa chifuwa chachikulu, kutanthauza, kachilombo ka `(Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex)`, alowa m'thupi lanu. Tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane, chabwino?

Kodi pali mitundu iti ya mayeso a TB?

Tsopano onani, pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mayeso a TB. Mwina munamvapo za izi.

1. Kuyesa Khungu: Izi zimatchedwanso ``Mantoux test'' kapena ``tuberculin skin test (TST)''. Iyi ndi njira yodziwika kwambiri yoyezera, makamaka kwa ana osakwana zaka 5.

2. Kuyesa Magazi: Izi zimatchedwa ``Interferon-Gamma Release Assay - IGRA''. Kuyesa magazi kumeneku kukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, makamaka kwa ogwira ntchito zachipatala, anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka (monga omwe matupi awo ali ndi mphamvu zochepa zolimbana ndi matenda), kapena omwe chitetezo chamthupi chawo chafooka ndi mankhwala enaake.

Koma pali chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe muyenera kukumbukira apa. Mayeso awiriwa amangokuuzani ngati mudakhalapo ndi kachilombo ka TB m'thupi mwanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mayesowa sangadziwe mwachindunji ngati kachilomboka kali m'thupi mwanu kapena kakugwira ntchito (kakugwira ntchito) ndipo kamayambitsa matendawa. Kuti mudziwe ngati muli ndi TB yogwira ntchito, muyenera kuchita mayeso ena monga X-ray pachifuwa ndi mayeso a sputum.

Ndani ayenera kuyezetsa TB?

Tsopano mwina mukuganiza kuti, "Kodi inenso ndiyenera kuchita izi?" Madokotala nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa kuyezetsa chifuwa chachikulu m'mikhalidwe iyi:

• Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a TB (monga chifuwa chosatha, kupweteka pachifuwa, malungo omwe amabwera madzulo, kuchepa thupi, kutopa).
• Ngati muli pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga TB , izi zikutanthauza kuti:
• Ngati ndinu wogwira ntchito zachipatala (munthu amene nthawi zambiri amalankhulana ndi odwala, monga dokotala kapena namwino).
• Ngati mukukhala kapena kugwira ntchito m'dera lomwe chifuwa chachikulu cha TB chili chofala, monga m'nyumba zogona, m'nyumba zosungira okalamba, kapena m'ndende.
• Ngati mwakhala mukukumana ndi wodwala TB posachedwapa.
• Ngati chitetezo chamthupi chanu chafooka, mwina chifukwa cha matenda ena kapena mankhwala omwe mukumwa.
• Ngati mwangopita kumene kudziko kumene chifuwa chachikulu cha TB chili chofala (monga mayiko ena ku Asia, mayiko ena ku Africa), muyenera kuuza dokotala wanu ngati mwapitako kudziko loterolo.
• Nthawi zina, mukayamba ntchito yatsopano (makamaka m'malo monga malo osamalira ana ndi zipatala), mumafunika kuti muyesedwe TB.

Kodi ndiyenera kuyezetsa chifuwa chachikulu kangati?

Izi zimasiyana kwa munthu aliyense. Zimatengera kuchuluka kwa chiopsezo chomwe muli nacho chotenga chifuwa chachikulu.

• Ngati muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu (monga tafotokozera pamwambapa), dokotala wanu mwina angakulangizeni kuti muchite mayesowa kamodzi pachaka.
• Ngati chiopsezo chanu chili chochepa , mungafunike kuchita izi kamodzi kokha pazaka zingapo zilizonse.

Komabe, upangiri wabwino kwambiri pankhaniyi ndi wochokera kwa dokotala wa banja lanu, choncho ndi bwino kumufunsa .

Kodi mayeso a TB amenewa amagwira ntchito bwanji? Zosavuta kwambiri!

Kuyezetsa khungu kumeneku, kapena kuyezetsa magazi, kumangoyang'ana momwe chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chimayankhira ku ziwalo zinazake (zomwe timazitcha kuti "antigens" - "antigens" ndi chilichonse chomwe thupi lathu silidziwa ndipo motero limayesetsa kulimbana nacho) kuchokera ku mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa chifuwa chachikulu (``Mycobacterium tuberculosis''). Zili ngati chitetezo cha thupi lathu chikuchenjeza mdani akayandikira.

Momwe Kuyezetsa Khungu la TB Kumagwirira Ntchito

Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika:

Dokotala kapena namwino wophunzitsidwa bwino adzabaya jekeseni wochepa kwambiri wa puloteni yapadera (yotchedwa PPD - purified protein derivative) yopangidwa kuchokera ku bakiteriya wa Mycobacterium tuberculosis, pansi pa khungu kutsogolo kwa mkono wanu.

Palibe choopa apa! `(PPD)` iyi si mabakiteriya amoyo. Chifukwa chake, sidzakupangitsani kutenga TB.

Kotero, ngati mudakumanapo ndi kachilombo ka TB kale, khungu lanu lidzakhudzidwa ndi ``(PPD)'' iyi. Pakatha masiku awiri kapena atatu, malo omwe mankhwala adabayidwa adzakhala ofiira, olimba pang'ono, ndipo chotupa pang'ono chidzaonekera.

Momwe Kuyezetsa Magazi a TB Kumagwirira Ntchito

Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika:

Magazi amatengedwa kuchokera kwa inu ndikutumizidwa ku labu. Mu labu, maselo ena oyera m'magazi anu (awa ndi omwe amalimbana ndi matenda m'thupi lathu) amasakanizidwa ndi `(antigens)` omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa ochokera ku bakiteriya `Mycobacterium tuberculosis`.

Ngati mudadwalapo TB kale, maselo oyera amagazi anu amatulutsa puloteni yapadera yotchedwa interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).

Ogwira ntchito ku labu amayesa izi pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera yotchedwa ``immunoassay.'' Zotsatira zake zimanenedwa kuti ndi ``negative'' (kutanthauza kuti palibe kachilombo), ``positive'' (kutanthauza kuti pakhoza kukhala kachilombo), kapena ``inteterminate'' (kutanthauza kuti zotsatira zake sizikudziwika bwino ndipo sizikutsimikizika).

Kodi mungayembekezere chiyani panthawi ya mayeso?

Momwe mayeso awiriwa amachitikira ndi osiyana pang'ono. Tiyeni tiwone momwe zinthu zikuyendera.

Momwe mungayezerere khungu la TB

Muyenera kupita kwa dokotala kapena namwino kawiri, mwina katatu, kuti mukayesedwe khungu.

Ulendo Woyamba:

• Dokotala kapena namwino adzatsuka bwino khungu lomwe lili kutsogolo kwa mkono wanu (pansi pa chigongono, mkati).
• Kenako, madzi a ``(tuberculin)`` kapena ``(PPD)`` amabayidwa pansi pa khungu ndi singano yaying'ono kwambiri.
• Nthawi zina dokotala amajambula bwalo ndi cholembera pomwe adabayira jakisoni. Izi zipangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupeza malowo mukayang'ana patatha masiku angapo.
• Kachiphuphu kakang'ono kadzaonekera pamalo omwe mankhwalawo adabayidwa. Kadzachoka kokha pakatha maola ochepa. Palibe chodetsa nkhawa.

Kenako mudzauzidwa kuti mubwererenso pakatha maola 48 mpaka 72 (kutanthauza kuti, pakatha masiku awiri kapena atatu). Izi ndizoona mtundu wa zomwe khungu lachita pamene mankhwalawo adabayidwa. Ngati pali kutupa, kufiira, kapena kupweteka, izi zitha kusonyeza matenda a TB.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kupita pa nthawi yachiwiriyi! Chifukwa ngati simupita pasanathe maola 72, mungafunike kulembanso mayeso onse. Choncho kumbukirani kupita pa nthawi yake.

Chinthu china n’chakuti kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka kwambiri, kapena omwe ali ndi matenda enaake a pakhungu, pali mwayi wochepa woti zotsatira za mayeso a pakhungu awa sizingakhale zolondola kapena zodalirika.

Momwe mungayezere magazi a TB

Iyi ndi njira yachibadwa yoperekera magazi.

• Mukakhala pampando, dokotala wa phlebotomist (yemwenso amatchedwa phlebotomist) adzayang'ana mtsempha m'dzanja lanu womwe ndi wosavuta kutulutsa magazi. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika pamwamba pa chigongono, mkati mwa mkono wanu.
• Mtsempha ukapezeka, malowo amatsukidwa bwino.
• Kenako, singano yaying'ono imalowetsedwa mumtsempha ndipo magazi ochepa amatengedwa. Pa nthawiyi, mudzamva kuluma pang'ono, ngati kulumidwa ndi nyerere.
• Pambuyo poika singano, magazi pang'ono amasonkhanitsidwa mu chubu choyesera.
• Pambuyo poti magazi ofunikira atengedwa, singano imachotsedwa, malowo amakanikizidwa ndi thonje kapena gauze kwa kanthawi, ndipo pulasitala imapakidwa. Ndi zimenezo!
• Zonsezi nthawi zambiri zimatenga mphindi zosakwana zisanu.

Magazi akatengedwa, amatumizidwa ku labu kuti akayesedwe. Zotsatira zake zikapezeka, dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani.

Kodi mayeso a TB amapweteka?

Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe anthu ambiri amachiopa.

• Pa nthawi yoyezetsa khungu ndi magazi, mungamve kuluma pang'ono (monga kuluma kwa nyerere) singano ikagunda pakhungu. Koma imangokhala kwa masekondi ochepa okha.
• Pa nthawi yoyezetsa khungu, palibe kutentha kapena kusasangalala kwina chifukwa cha madzi omwe amalowetsedwa pansi pa khungu.

Kodi pali zotsatirapo zilizonse zoyipa zomwe zingabwere chifukwa cha mayeso a TB awa?

Funso limene anthu ambiri amafunsa ndi ili. Mwamwayi, zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri kuchokera ku mayeso a TB amenewa sizimachitika kawirikawiri.

• Pakuyezetsa khungu: Kuwonjezera pa kumva kupweteka pang'ono pamene singano yalowetsedwa, anthu ena amatha kusintha mtundu, kutupa pang'ono, komanso kupweteka pang'ono pamalo omwe jakisoniyo imayikidwa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatha patatha masiku ochepa.
• Kuyezetsa magazi:Malo omwe magazi adatengedwa akhoza kukhala opweteka pang'ono ndipo akhoza kukhala abuluu pang'ono. Izi zidzabwerera mwakale pakatha tsiku limodzi kapena awiri.

Kodi zotsatira za mayeso a TB ndi ziti?

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone zotsatira za mayesowa ndi zomwe akunena.

Zotsatira zake zingakhale `negative` (kutanthauza "ayi") kapena `positive` (kutanthauza "inde").

Chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira ndi ichi: Mayesowa amangosonyeza ngati munayamba mwadwalapo kachilombo ka TB, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kanalowa m'thupi mwanu. Sangadziwe ngati ndi matenda ofala kapena matenda obisika.

Chinanso, ngati mudalandira katemera wa BCG (katemera woteteza ku chifuwa chachikulu) muli mwana, nthawi zina zotsatira za mayeso a khungu zitha kukhala zabodza. Izi zimatchedwa zotsatira zabodza. Chifukwa chake ngati mudalandira katemera wa BCG, uzani dokotala wanu .

Nanga bwanji ngati mayeso a TB apezeka kuti ali ndi kachilomboka?

Ngati zotsatira za mayeso anu a TB zikubwera `zabwino`, zikutanthauza kuti mwina mwatenga kachilombo ka mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa chifuwa chachikulu .

Panthawiyi, dokotala wanu adzayitanitsa mayeso ena kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi matenda a TB kapena omwe simunawapeze. Mayeso enawa angaphatikizepo X-ray pachifuwa ndi chitsanzo cha sputum. Ma sputum apa si ntchofu wamba yomwe imachokera pakhosi, koma ntchofu yokhuthala yomwe imachokera m'mapapo.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti, kaya muli ndi TB yobisika kapena TB yogwira ntchito, muyeneradi kupeza chithandizo cha TByo.

Nanga bwanji ngati mayeso a TB apezeka kuti alibe kachilomboka?

Ngati zotsatira za mayeso anu a TB zili `negative`, zikutanthauza kuti mwina simunakumanepo ndi mabakiteriya a TB . Pa mayeso a khungu, `negative` amatanthauza kuti panalibe khungu lomwe linachitapo kanthu (kufiira, kutupa) pamene mankhwalawo anabayidwa.

Komabe, nthawi zina ngakhale zotsatira zake zitakhala 'zoipa', ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za TB (monga chifuwa, malungo), dokotala wanu angafufuze zambiri.

Kodi ndidzadziwa liti lipoti la mayeso a TB?

• Kuyezetsa khungu kumatenga maola 48 mpaka 72 kuti kumalizidwe. Choncho, mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala kachiwiri, dokotalayo adzatha kukuuzani nthawi yomweyo poyang'ana momwe khungu lanu limachitira ngati muli ndi matenda a TB kapena ayi.
• Lipoti la kuyezetsa magazi nthawi zambiri limapezeka mkati mwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri. Komabe, nthawi zina zingatenge nthawi yayitali kutengera ndi ntchito ya labu.

Kodi kuyezetsa kwa TB komwe kuli ndi kachilombo ka HIV kumawoneka bwanji (pa kuyezetsa khungu)?

Zotsatira za "positive" pa mayeso a pakhungu zimatanthauza kuti malo omwe mankhwalawo adabayidwa ndi olimba, ngati chiphuphu chofiira . Dokotala amayesa kutalika kwa chiphuphucho mu mamilimita.

Apa, dokotala adzaganizira zinthu zina zomwe zingakubweretsereni chiopsezo (monga, kaya ndinu wogwira ntchito zachipatala kapena muli ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka) kuti adziwe zotsatira zake. Nthawi zambiri, mayesowa amaonedwa kuti ndi 'abwino' ngati ali mkati mwa magawo awa:

• 5 mamilimita (`mm`) kapena kuposerapo ndipo muli ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka (monga munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, munthu amene anaikidwa chiwalo china, munthu amene amamwa mankhwala enaake).
• Mamilimita 10 (`mm`) kapena kuchepera apo ndipo ndinu wogwira ntchito zachipatala, kapena munthu amene wabwera kumene kuchokera kudziko lomwe chifuwa chachikulu cha TB chili chofala, munthu amene amalandira mankhwala obayidwa jakisoni, kapena mwana wosakwana zaka 4.
• Mamilimita 15 (`mm`) kapena kuchepera apo ndipo mulibe zinthu zina zomwe zingakuchititseni kudwala chifuwa chachikulu.

Ngakhale mutawona kutupa ndi kufiira padzanja lanu patatha maola 48-72 ndipo mumadzifunsa kuti, "O, izi ziyenera kukhala zabwino/zoipa," ndikofunikirabe kupita kwa dokotala ndikumuwonetsa. Dokotala ndiye amene adzayang'ana bwino, kuyeza, kusankha zotsatira zolondola, ndikulemba.

Kodi ndiyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala wanga liti za chifuwa chachikulu?

Muyenera kusamala pang'ono ndi zinthu izi:

• Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za chifuwa chachikulu (monga chifuwa chopitirira milungu iwiri, nthawi zina magazi m'chifuwa, kupweteka pachifuwa, kupuma movutikira, kutentha thupi komwe kumachitika madzulo, thukuta usiku, kuchepa thupi, kusowa chilakolako cha chakudya, kutopa kwambiri ),
• Kapena ngati mukuganiza kuti mwakhala mukukumana ndi wodwala TB ,

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuonana ndi dokotala ndikupempha upangiri mwachangu, popanda kuchedwa.

Chifuwa chachikulu ndi matenda omwe amatha kupha ngati sakuchiritsidwa bwino. Koma, chabwino kwambiri ndichakuti, ngati mumwa mankhwala opha maantibayotiki monga momwe mwalangizidwira, kwa nthawi yoyenera, matenda ambiri a chifuwa chachikulu amatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu.

Kaya muli ndi TB yogwira ntchito kapena TB yobisika, zonse ziwiri ziyenera kuchiritsidwa. Komabe, mitundu ya mankhwala operekedwa ndi nthawi ya mankhwala operekedwa ndi zosiyana pazochitika ziwirizi.

Uthenga Womaliza Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Chabwino, kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana kumene, izi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri kukumbukira:

• Kuyezetsa chifuwa chachikulu n'kofunika kwambiri pa thanzi la anthu m'dziko lathu komanso padziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa kumathandiza kuzindikira matendawa msanga ndikuletsa kufalikira kwake.
• Chifuwa chachikulu chimatha kupha ndipo chimafalikira mosavuta kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina kudzera mumlengalenga. Choncho, ngati muli ndi zizindikiro, kapena ngati muli m'gulu la anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, ndi bwino kukayezetsa.
• Zotsatira za mayeso zikangopezeka, dokotala wanu adzakuuzani choti muchite kenako komanso ngati pakufunika mayeso ena.
• Musaope chilichonse. Funsani dokotala mafunso kapena kukayikira kulikonse komwe muli nako. Madokotala ndi anamwino alipo kuti akuthandizeni. Adzakufotokozerani zonse.

Ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino!

Chifuwa chachikulu , mayeso a TB, mayeso a TB, mayeso a Mantoux, TST, IGRA, zizindikiro za TB, chithandizo cha TB, PPD, Interferon-Gamma Release Assay