Oteteza Thupi: Tiyeni tiphunzire za ma antibodies m'njira yosavuta!

Kodi munayamba mwaganizirapo za alonda ang'onoang'ono omwe ali mkati mwa matupi athu? Zili ngati gulu lathu laling'ono lankhondo. Tikadwala kapena china chake chonga poizoni chikalowa m'thupi lathu, awa ndi omwe amabwera kudzamenya nkhondo kuti atipulumutse. Ngwazi zazing'ono zimenezo ndi zomwe timazitcha ma antibodies , kapena ``Antibodies'' mu Chingerezi. Dzina lina la izi ndi ``Immunoglobulin''.

Kodi ma antigen ndi ma antibodies ndi chiyani? Kodi amayamba bwanji nkhondoyi?

Mwachidule, ` Antigen` ndi chilichonse chomwe chimavulaza thupi lathu, kuchokera kunja. Tangoganizirani wakuba akulowa m'nyumba mwanu. Wakubayo ndi `Antigen`. Akuba awa akhoza kubwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

• Mabakiteriya
• Mavairasi
• Bowa
• Matenda a ziwengo
• Ululu wochokera ku zinyama
• Ma poizoni ena osiyanasiyana

Tsopano, pamene wolowa m'thupi uyu (Antigen)` alowa m'thupi, chitetezo chathu chamthupi chimazindikira nthawi yomweyo. Dongosolo lathu limamvetsetsa, "O... apa pakubwera munthu amene sitikumudziwa, ndipo munthuyu si m'modzi mwa ife." Pamenepo ndi pamene gulu lathu lankhondo, " Antibody" `, limaitana. Ma antibodies ndi mapuloteni apadera opangidwa ndi chitetezo chathu chamthupi. Izi zimapita ndikugwira 'Antigen' imeneyo, kuiwononga, ndikuithandiza kutuluka m'thupi. Zili ngati kugwira wakubayo ndikumupereka kwa apolisi.

Kodi ma antibodies amenewa amapangidwa kuti? Kodi ali kuti m'thupi?

Ma antibodies amapangidwa ndi mtundu wapadera wa maselo oyera m'thupi lathu. Amatchedwa maselo a B. "Antigen" ikafika ndikugunda maselo a B, maselo a B amenewo amagawanika ndikupanga maselo ambiri. Zili ngati "kujambula zithunzi". Timatcha maselo atsopanowa kuti "maselo a plasma ". Kuchokera ku maselo a plasma amenewo, ma antibodies mamiliyoni ambiri amapangidwa ndikutulutsidwa m'magazi ndi m'thupi lathu.

Ma antibodies opangidwa mwanjira imeneyi samangokhala pamalo amodzi m'thupi lathu.

• Pakhungu lathu
• M'mapapo
• Misozi
• Mu malovu
• Mayi akamayamwitsa mwana wake, makamaka masiku oyambirira, mkaka wokhuthala, wotchedwa colostrum , uli ndi ma antibodies ambiri amenewa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuyamwitsa kumawonjezera mphamvu ya mwana yolimbana ndi matenda . Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwanayo amatetezedwa ndi mayi.

Kodi ma antibodies a monoclonal omwe tidamvapo ndi ati?

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe madokotala akulankhula masiku ano ndi ma antibodies a monoclonal . Awa si ma antibodies omwe amapezeka mwachibadwa m'thupi lathu. Ndi mtundu wa ma antibodies omwe amapangidwa mu labu. Amapangidwa kuti achite zomwezo zomwe ma antibodies athu amachita. Amapangidwa kuti aukire antigen inayake yokha. Njira iyi yochiziraAmatchedwanso kuti 'Immunotherapy'.

Ndi matenda ati omwe angachiritsidwe ndi ma antibodies a monoclonal?

Mtundu uwu wa ma antibodies opangidwa mwaluso otchedwa `(Monoclonal Antibodies)` umagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa `(Monoclonal Antibody)` iliyonse imapangidwa kuti igwire `(Antigen)` inayake. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo:

• Mitundu ya Khansa
• Matenda olumikizana mafupa monga nyamakazi
• Matenda ena a mtima
• Matenda a sclerosis ambiri (MS)
• Matenda a m'mimba ( ulcerative colitis )
• Lupus
• Matenda a Crohn
• Psoriasis, matenda a pakhungu
• Lekani kukana kusamutsa ziwalo

Kodi pali mitundu ya ma antibodies? Kodi ndi chiyani?

Inde, ma antibodies onse si ofanana. Amagawidwa m'magulu akuluakulu asanu kutengera malo awo ndi ntchito yawo. Mtundu uliwonse umatchedwa ndi chilembo cha Chingerezi. Mawu oti `Immunoglobulin` ndi achidule ndipo `Ig` amawonjezedwa patsogolo pa chilembochi.

1. IgG: Uwu ndi mtundu wa ma antibodies ambiri m'magazi mwathu ndi m'madzi ena amthupi. Ndi awa omwe amatiteteza makamaka ku matenda monga mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi. Chofunika kwambiri, ma antibodies a `IgG` awa amatha kudutsa mu placenta ya mayi ndikupereka chitetezo kwa mwana m'mimba.

2. IgA: Izi zimapezeka makamaka m'kati mwa dongosolo lathu lopumira (mphuno, pakhosi, m'mapapo) ndi m'mimba (m'matumbo). Zimapezekanso m'malovu, misozi, ndi mkaka wa m'mawere. Zimathandiza kuletsa majeremusi kulowa m'thupi asanalowe m'thupi.

3. IgM: Matenda akalowa m'thupi, ma antibodies a `IgM` amenewa ndi oyamba kulimbana nawo . Amapezeka m'magazi ndi m'madzi a m'thupi.

4. IgE: Mtundu uwu wa ma antibodies umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ziwengo . Milingo ya IgE imawonjezeka thupi likachitapo kanthu ku zinthu monga mungu ndi fumbi. Amalimbananso ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

5. IgD: Pali zambiri zomwe zikuphunziridwabe zokhudza ma antibodies amenewa, koma pakadali pano akukhulupirira kuti amathandiza kuyambitsa maselo a B. Amapezeka pang'ono kwambiri m'magazi.

Kodi ma antibodies amenewa amapangidwa ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Kodi amaoneka bwanji?

Ma antibodies ndi mtundu wa puloteni . Antibody iliyonse imapangidwa ndi ma polypeptide anayi. Ma polypeptide ndi maunyolo a amino acid awiri kapena kuposerapo. Maunyolo awiriwa amatchedwa "maunyolo olemera" ndipo ena awiri amatchedwa "maunyolo opepuka."

Maunyolo anayi awa amasonkhana pamodzi kuti apange mawonekedwe a chilembo cha Chingerezi 'Y'.Umu ndi momwe antibody imapangidwira. Tangoganizani kuti malekezero awiri a nthambi zapamwamba za chilembo 'Y' ndi osiyana, ndipo ma amino acid omwe ali pamalo amenewo ndi osiyana pa mtundu uliwonse wa antibody. Kusiyana kumeneku ndi chifukwa chake antibody iliyonse imatha kuzindikira `(Antigen)` yeniyeni ndikuiukira. Monga momwe kiyi iliyonse imagwirira ntchito pa keybool iliyonse.

Tiyeni tikambirane pang'ono za ma antibodies a COVID, sichoncho?

Inde, ma antibodies a COVID ndi chinthu chomwe aliyense akukamba masiku ano. Ma antibodies olimbana ndi kachilombo ka COVID-19 amapezeka m'magazi a anthu omwe achira matendawa, kapena m'magazi a anthu omwe adalandira katemera wa COVID-19. Ngakhale mutakhala kuti munadwalapo COVID kale, kulandira katemerayu kudzawonjezera mphamvu ya chitetezo cha mthupi lanu ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yanu yodziteteza ku kachilomboka.

Ndingadziwe bwanji ngati ndili ndi ma antibodies a Covid?

Mukhoza kudziwa ngati muli ndi ma antibodies a COVID poyesa ma antibodies . Mayesowa amapezeka m'ma lab, m'ma pharmacy ena, ndipo dokotala wanu angakuuzeninso za iwo.

Kodi ma antibodies a Covid amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji m'thupi?

Kafukufuku akupitirirabe, koma kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti anthu omwe achira ku COVID-19 ali ndi ma antibodies omwe amakhala kwa miyezi isanu kapena isanu ndi umodzi . Kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti anthu omwe achira ku COVID ali ndi "ma cell a memory B" omwe amatha kukhalapo kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo ma cell a memory awa amatha kulunjika kachilomboka mwachangu ngati kabwereranso.

Kodi ma antibodies a thyroglobulin awa ndi amtundu wanji?

Ma antibodies a thyroglobulin nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la chithokomiro, monga omwe ali ndi hyperthyroidism (hormone ya chithokomiro yochuluka) kapena hypothyroidism (hormone ya chithokomiro yocheperako). Ma antibodies amenewa amaukira puloteni yotchedwa thyroglobulin (yomwe ndi hormone ya chithokomiro). Izi zitha kuwononga chithokomiro.

Kodi mayeso a Antithyroglobulin Antibody Test ndi chiyani?

Ngati dokotala wanu akuganiza kuti pali vuto ndi chithokomiro chanu, akhoza kuyitanitsa mayeso a anti-thyroglobulin antibody . Mayesowa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyang'anira momwe khansa ya chithokomiro ikuyendera pambuyo pa chithandizo.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndikapezeka ndi kachilomboka?

Ngati mayesowa apeza kuti muli ndi ma antibodies a thyroglobulin m'magazi anu, zikutanthauza kuti mwina muli ndi vuto la chithokomiro. Zina mwa matenda awa ndi awa:

• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypothyroidism
• Matenda a Hashimoto
• Matenda a Manda
• Subacute thyroiditis
• Lupus
• Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba

Ndiye kodi ma autoantibodies amenewa ndi chiyani?

Izi zimatchedwanso ma antinuclear antibodies (ANAs). Ma autoantibodies ndi mtundu wa ma antibody omwe amaukira mapuloteni abwinobwino m'maselo athanzi m'thupi lathu. Taganizirani izi ngati chitetezo chathu chikuukira chathu. Ma autoantibodies amenewa amaona mapuloteni athanzi m'thupi kukhala owopsa komanso osafunikira. Zotsatira zake, matupi athu amayamba kudziukira okha. Anthu ambiri ali ndi ma autoantibodies ochepa kwambiri. Komabe, ngati alipo ambiri, nthawi zambiri zimasonyeza matenda a autoimmune .

Kodi ma antibodies a antinuclear (ANA) amayesedwa bwanji?

Kuyesa kwakukulu kwa magazi komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa ma `ANA` awa ndi ` fluorescent antinuclear antibody test` . Mu mayeso awa, madokotala amafufuza ma antibodies omwe ali ndi zilembo za fluorescent pansi pa maikulosikopu ndikuwona mphamvu ndi mawonekedwe a fluorescence. Mayesowa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira kupezeka kwa matenda monga lupus.

Kodi mayeso a ANA abwino amatanthauza chiyani?

Kupezeka ndi "positive" kuchokera ku mayeso a ANA sikutanthauza kuti muli ndi matenda odziteteza okha, koma dokotala wanu angafune kufufuza zambiri. Ngati mutapeza "positive"`, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti mupimidwenso.

Chofunika kwambiri, ma antibodies ndi momwe chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimatitetezera ku matenda, zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa ziwengo, ndi poizoni. Matupi athu amapanga mapuloteni awa mwachilengedwe. Nthawi zina, ma antibodies a monoclonal opangidwa m'ma labu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mavuto ena azaumoyo, monga khansa, matenda a mtima, ndi nyamakazi.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, tiyeni tifotokoze mwachidule zina mwa zinthu zomwe takambirana zomwe muyenera kukumbukira:

• Ma antibodies ndi chitetezo cha thupi lathu. Amatiteteza polimbana ndi majeremusi ndi poizoni ochokera kunja (ma antibodies).
• Izi zimapangidwa ndi maselo oyera apadera otchedwa maselo a B.
• Pali mitundu ingapo ya ma antibodies (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD), iliyonse yomwe ili ndi ntchito yakeyake.
• Ma antibodies a monoclonal ndi mtundu wapadera wa ma antibodies opangidwa mu labu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo khansa.
• Timapeza ma antibodies a COVID kuchokera ku matenda ndi katemera.
• Nthawi zina ma antibodies athu amatha kugwira ntchito motsutsana ndi matupi athu. Izi zimatchedwa ma antibodies . Izi zingayambitse matenda odziteteza okha.

Kotero, mutha kuona momwe ngwazi zazing'ono izi zotchedwa ma antibodies zilili zofunika kwambiri m'thupi lathu. Ndi zomwe zimatiteteza ku matenda ambiri. Ngati muli ndi mafunso ena okhudza izi, musazengereze kufunsa dokotala wanu.

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