Kodi mwana wanu ali ndi vuto la mahomoni? Tiyeni tikambirane za dokotala wa ana obadwa kumene!

Nthawi zina tikamaganizira za matenda omwe ana athu amadwala, makamaka akamaoneka ovuta pang'ono, timamva kuti tili ndi katundu wolemera pamtima pathu, sichoncho? Mavuto okhudzana ndi mahomoni ndi ofanana. Koma palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa. Chifukwa pali akatswiri omwe angakuthandizeni inu ndi mwana wanu nthawi zina ngati awa. Munthu ameneyo ndi dokotala wa matenda a endocrinologist wa ana , kapena monga momwe timanenera mu Chingerezi, "Pediatric Endocrinologist". Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tikambirane zambiri za katswiriyu.

Kodi Dokotala wa Endocrinologist wa Ana ndi Ndani?

Mwachidule, katswiri wa mahomoni a ana ndi dokotala amene amazindikira ndi kuchiza matenda okhudzana ndi mahomoni mwa ana ndi achinyamata , kutanthauza mavuto a dongosolo la endocrine. Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi mavuto a kutha msinkhu , mavuto a kukula , matenda monga matenda a shuga , kapena matenda ena aliwonse okhudzana ndi mahomoni ndi tiziwalo timene timawapanga, katswiriyu angathandize.

Ndiye kodi endocrinology iyi ndi chiyani?

Endocrinology ndi nthambi ya zamankhwala yomwe imaphunzira za dongosolo la endocrine m'thupi lathu. Dongosololi limapangidwa ndi tiziwalo ta endocrine, ziwalo za endocrine, ndi mahomoni. Taganizirani izi ngati njira yapadera yomwe matupi athu amalankhulirana mauthenga.

Matenda a Endocrine

Izi ndi minofu yapadera m'thupi lathu yomwe imapanga mahomoni ndikuwatulutsa m'magazi. Pali mitundu ingapo ikuluikulu ya tiziwalo timeneti:

• Ma adrenal glands: Awa ndi ma adrenal glands awiri ang'onoang'ono omwe ali pamwamba pa impso zathu. Amapanga mahomoni omwe amayankha kupsinjika, komanso mahomoni omwe amawongolera kuchuluka kwa mchere m'thupi.
• Pituitary gland : Gland yaying'ono iyi, yofanana ndi mafupa yomwe ili pansi pa ubongo imayang'anira gland zina zambiri, kotero nthawi zina imatchedwa "master gland."
• Chithokomiro : Chithokomiro chooneka ngati gulugufechi chomwe chili kutsogolo kwa khosi chimapanga mahomoni omwe amalamulira liwiro lomwe thupi limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
• Matenda a Parathyroid: Matenda anayi ang'onoang'ono awa omwe ali kumbuyo kwa chithokomiro amayang'anira kuchuluka kwa calcium m'thupi.

Ziwalo za Endocrine

Ziwalo zimenezi zimapanganso mahomoni ndipo zimagwira ntchito zina zapadera.

• Pancreas : Chiwalo ichi chomwe chili pamwamba pa mimba chimagwirizana ndi matenda a shuga.Imatulutsa hormone ya insulin .
• Hypothalamus: Gawo ili la ubongo limayang'anira pituitary gland.
• Mazira obereketsa : Gawo la njira yoberekera ya akazi yomwe imapanga mahomoni ogonana.
• Mayeso : Gawo la ziwalo zoberekera za amuna lomwe limapanga mahomoni ogonana.

Mahomoni

Mahomoni ali ngati amithenga a mankhwala m'thupi lathu. Amayenda kuchokera ku gland imodzi kupita ku ina kudzera m'magazi ndipo amakhudza chiwalo china kapena minofu ina. Mahomoni amakhudza njira zambiri zofunika m'thupi lathu. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo:

• Kagayidwe kachakudya : Umu ndi momwe thupi limasinthira chakudya kukhala mphamvu ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvuyo.
• Kukula: Mmene timakulira ndi momwe matupi athu amakulira.
• Kubereka mogonana: Zinthu monga kutha msinkhu komanso kuthekera kobereka.
• Kugona: Kulamulira nthawi yathu yogona komanso nthawi yodzuka.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa katswiri wa mahomoni a ana ndi katswiri wa mahomoni wamba?

Nkhaniyi ndi yofunika kwambiri. Ana si anthu aang'ono. Momwe matupi awo amakulira komanso momwe mahomoni awo amagwirira ntchito zimasiyana kwambiri ndi akuluakulu. Mavuto a mahomoni omwe ana amakumana nawo amathanso kukhala osiyana ndi omwe akuluakulu amakumana nawo. Akatswiri a mahomoni a ana ndi madokotala omwe aphunzitsidwa mwapadera momwe mavuto a mahomoni awa amagwirizanirana ndi kukula ndi chitukuko cha ana. Chifukwa chake, amatha kupereka chithandizo chapadera kwa ana.

Kodi katswiri wa mahomoni a ana amachita chiyani? Kodi amachiza matenda otani?

Katswiri wa matenda a endocrine wa ana amazindikira, kuchiza, ndikuwongolera matenda osiyanasiyana omwe amakhudza dongosolo la endocrine la mwana. Tiyeni tiwone zina mwa matenda amenewa.

Matenda a adrenal gland

Ma adrenal glands athu amapanga mahomoni ambiri ofunikira. Mavuto ena omwe angabwere ndi ma adrenal glands ndi awa:

• Matenda a Addison: Izi zimachitika pamene thupi la mwana silipanga mahomoni awiri okwanira, cortisol (hormone yomwe imayankha kupsinjika maganizo) ndi aldosterone (hormone yomwe imalamulira kuchuluka kwa mchere).
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: Iyi ndi matenda a majini omwe amakhudza kupanga kwa mahomoni a cortisol, aldosterone, ndi androgen (mtundu wa mahomoni achimuna) mwa mwana.
• Matenda a Cushing:Izi zimatchedwanso `(Hypercortisolism)`. Chomwe chimachitika apa ndi chakuti thupi la mwana limapanga mahomoni `(Cortisol)` ochulukirapo.

Matenda a mafupa ndi calcium

Mahomoni ambiri amathandiza kuti mafupa athu akhale olimba komanso kuti calcium ikhale yokwanira.

• Hypercalcemia: Matenda omwe calcium m'magazi a mwana imakhala yokwera kuposa yachibadwa.
• Hypocalcemia: Matenda omwe calcium m'magazi a mwana imakhala yotsika kuposa yachibadwa.
• Matenda a Rickets: Uwu ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusowa kwa Vitamini D. Izi zingayambitse mafupa a ana kufooka ndikugwada.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda a kagayidwe kachakudya

Akatswiri a mahomoni a ana amathandizanso mavuto okhudzana ndi kagayidwe kachakudya m'thupi, zomwe ndi momwe thupi limapangira mphamvu. Matenda a shuga ndi matenda ofala kwambiri.

• Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba: Apa ndi pamene chitetezo cha mthupi cha mwana (autoimmune attack) chimawononga maselo a kapamba omwe amapanga insulin. Zotsatira zake, kapamba sangathe kupanga insulin.
• Matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri: Pa vutoli, kapamba amapanga insulin, koma thupi silingathe kuigwiritsa ntchito bwino. Izi nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri.
• Kunenepa kwambiri: Matenda ovuta komanso a nthawi yayitali omwe mafuta ambiri m'thupi amasonkhana ndipo amawononga thanzi. Izi zitha kugwirizanitsidwanso ndi kusalingana kwa mahomoni.

Matenda a chitukuko cha kugonana

Nthawi zina, ana amatha kukhala ndi vuto la kukula kwa kugonana. Mwachitsanzo, vuto lotchedwa atypical genitalia . Ili ndi vuto losowa kwambiri la majini. Pankhaniyi, maliseche akunja a mwana sangakhale ndi mawonekedwe achibadwa a amuna kapena akazi, koma angawonekere pakati. Katswiri wa mahomoni a ana amatha kuzindikira matenda otere ndikupereka upangiri ndi chithandizo chofunikira.

Matenda a endocrine a majini

Mavuto ena a mahomoni amatha kuchitika chifukwa cha majini.

• Matenda a Turner: Matendawa amakhudza atsikana okha. Ma chromosome awo a X amodzi kapena onse akusowa. Izi zimakhudza zinthu monga kukula ndi ntchito ya mazira.
• Matenda a Prader-Willi: Ichi ndi matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha majini. Amakhudza kagayidwe kachakudya m'thupi la mwana, zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwa thupi ndi khalidwe lake (monga njala yambiri, mavuto a kukula).

Mavuto okhudzana ndi kukula ndi kutha msinkhu

Mahomoni ndi ofunikira kwambiri pakukula ndi chitukuko cha mwana komanso kuti afike msinkhu woyenera. Mavuto omwe angabuke pankhaniyi ndi awa:

• Kutalika kwaufupi:Mwanayo ndi wamfupi kuposa 95% ya ana ena a msinkhu womwewo komanso jenda. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa izi, chimodzi mwa izo ndi kusowa kwa mahomoni.
• Kutha msinkhu msanga : Ngati mtsikana akuwonetsa zizindikiro za kutha msinkhu (monga kukula kwa mawere mwa atsikana, kukula kwa machende mwa anyamata) asanakwanitse zaka 8, kapena mnyamata asanakwanitse zaka 9, zimaonedwa kuti ndi kutha msinkhu msanga.
• Kutha msinkhu mochedwa : Ngati kutha msinkhu sikuyamba mpaka patapita nthawi yayitali kuposa masiku onse, kutanthauza kuti mtsikana sanawonetse zizindikiro za kutha msinkhu ali ndi zaka 13 kapena mnyamata ali ndi zaka 14, kutha msinkhu kungachedwe.

Matenda a pituitary gland

Monga tafotokozera kale, pituitary gland imapanga mahomoni ambiri ofunikira. Ngati pali vuto ndi momwe gland iyi imagwirira ntchito, zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zimatha kuwoneka.

• Matenda a shuga: Izi sizili chimodzimodzi ndi matenda a shuga. Chomwe chimachitika apa ndi chakuti thupi limataya mkodzo wambiri ndipo silingathe kusunga madzi bwino. Ludzu lopitirira muyeso ndi chizindikiro cha izi.
• Hypopituitarism: Kusapanga bwino mahomoni amodzi kapena angapo ndi pituitary gland kungakhudze kukula, ntchito ya chithokomiro, ntchito ya adrenal, kutha msinkhu, komanso kuletsa ludzu.

Matenda a chithokomiro

Mavuto amayamba kaya kuchuluka kwa mahomoni opangidwa ndi chithokomiro ndi kochepa kapena kokwera.

• Goiter: Chithokomiro chotupa. Izi zitha kuchitika mosasamala kanthu kuti kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kuli bwino, kotsika, kapena kokwera.
• Hypothyroidism: Chithokomiro sichitulutsa mahomoni okwanira a chithokomiro m'magazi. Izi zingayambitse thupi kufooka, kunenepa kwambiri, komanso kudzimbidwa.
• Hyperthyroidism: Matenda omwe chithokomiro chimatulutsa mahomoni ambiri a chithokomiro ndipo amawatulutsa m'magazi. Izi zingayambitse kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira, kuchepa thupi, komanso thukuta kwambiri.

Kodi muyenera kuyembekezera chiyani mukapita kwa katswiri wa mahomoni a ana koyamba?

Inu ndi mwana wanu mukakumana koyamba ndi katswiri wa mahomoni a ana, dokotalayo adzakufunsani zambiri zokhudza zizindikiro za mwana wanu, mbiri yachipatala ya m'banja lanu, ndi mankhwala omwe mwana wanu akumwa panopa . Iyenso adzakuyezani thupi . Nthawi zina, mayeso a magazi ndi ma scan angakulimbikitseni. Musadandaule, zonsezi zimachitika kuti mudziwe bwino za matenda a mwana wanu.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuuza dokotala chilichonse chomwe mukudziwa, ngakhale chitakhala chaching'ono bwanji. Izi zidzawathandiza kupeza matenda molondola.

Kodi mungakhale bwanji katswiri wa mahomoni a ana?

Ndibwinonso kudziwa izi. Dokotala wa matenda a endocrinologist wa ana ndi munthu amene poyamba amamaliza digiri ya udokotala (zaka 4-5) kenako amaphunzira maphunziro apadera a ana (zaka pafupifupi 3). Pambuyo pake, amafunika kuphunzira maphunziro apadera a zaka zina zitatu (fellowship) mu endocrinology ya ana, kutanthauza matenda a mahomoni a ana. Maphunziro awa ayeneranso kuvomerezedwa ndi bungwe lodziwika bwino la maphunziro azachipatala (monga Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education - ACGME). Kuphatikiza apo, ziphaso zochokera ku mabungwe odziwika bwino monga American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) zimatsimikiziranso ukatswiri wawo. Ndi chifukwa cha maphunziro aatali awa omwe amapeza chidziwitso chakuya cha gawo lovutali.

Koma m'dziko lathu, ndiko kuti, ku Sri Lanka, njira yokhala Katswiri wa Zamankhwala a Ana ndi yosiyana pang'ono. Izi zimachitika kudzera mu PGIM (Post Graduate Institute of Medicine) yogwirizana ndi University of Colombo.

Ku Sri Lanka, ulendowu umachitika motere:

1. Ziyeneretso Zoyambira (MBBS & Internship): Choyamba, muyenera kupeza digiri ya MBBS kuchokera ku sukulu ya zamankhwala, kumaliza internship yofunikira, ndikulembetsa ku SLMC.

2. Mayeso Olowera (Mayeso Osankha): Kenako muyenera kupasa mayeso a "MD (Paediatrics) Selection Exam" ochitidwa ndi PGIM. Iyi ndi mayeso opikisana.

3. Maphunziro a Ana Onse - Registrar: Mukangopambana mayeso, mudzakhala ndi maphunziro a zaka pafupifupi zitatu (nthawi ya Registrar). Mu izi, mudzaphunzira zambiri za matenda a ana onse.

4. Kuyezetsa kwa MD: Kumapeto kwa zaka zitatu izi, pali mayeso a "MD (Paediatrics)". Kupambana izi ndiye chiyeneretso chofunikira kuti munthu akhale "dokotala waluso".

5. Kusankha Katswiri Wapadera: Munthu akadutsa digiri ya MD, ayenera kusankha komwe akupita. Kumeneko, ayenera kusankha katswiri wotchedwa "Paediatric Endocrinology" (mahomoni a ana). (Izi zikupezeka kutengera Merit ndi malo osakhalapo).

6. Maphunziro a Pambuyo pa MD - Wolembetsa Wamkulu: Apa ndi pomwe maphunziro apadera okhudza mahomoni amayambira. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatenga pafupifupi zaka 2-3.

   • Maphunziro a M'deralo:Muyenera kugwira ntchito kwa chaka chimodzi mu chipinda chothandizira ana omwe ali ndi mahomoni m'chipatala chachikulu ku Sri Lanka.

   • Maphunziro a Kunja: Muyenera kulandira maphunziro kwa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri kunja (nthawi zambiri ku UK kapena Australia) ku malo odziwika bwino.

7. Chitsimikizo cha Board: Mukamaliza zonsezi, mudzalandira chitsimikizo cha "Board Certified Consultant Paediatric Endocrinologist" kuchokera ku PGIM.

Kotero, monga momwe tafotokozera kale, ku Sri Lanka nakonso, ulendowu umafuna kudzipereka kwakukulu kwa zaka zina 6-7 pambuyo pa MBBS.

Ndiye, kodi chinthu chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira kuchokera pa zomwe takambiranazi ndi chiyani? (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

• Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwana wanu ali ndi vuto lokhudzana ndi mahomoni, kukula, kutha msinkhu, kapena matenda a shuga, choyamba funsani dokotala wa banja lanu kapena dokotala wa ana.
• Ngati akuona kuti ndikofunikira, adzakutumizani kwa dokotala wa ana otchedwa endocrinologist.
• Akatswiri awa ndi madokotala omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chapadera komanso maphunziro apadera okhudza mavuto a mahomoni mwa ana. Amatha kuzindikira matenda a mwana molondola ndikupereka chithandizo chabwino kwambiri komanso njira zowongolera.
• Kumbukirani kuti mavuto a mahomoni a ana ndi osiyana ndi a akuluakulu, choncho ndikofunikira kufunafuna thandizo la akatswiri.

Choncho, ngati mwana wanu ali ndi vuto lililonse mwa izi, musachite mantha, ndipo funsani upangiri woyenera wa dokotala. Pali njira zothetsera mavuto onse! Mahomoni, Ana, Kukula, Ukalamba, Matenda a Shuga, Endocrine System, Katswiri wa Mahomoni a Ana