Zimene Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo

Kodi munamvapo kuti anthu ena amaona zinthu zomwe sizili pamenepo, amamva mawu omwe sali pamenepo? Kapena amamva ngati akuyang'aniridwa kuchokera kunja kwa thupi lawo? Izi si zinthu zongopeka. Izi zitha kuyambitsidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena monga momwe timanenera mu Chingerezi, ``(Hallucinogens)''. Izi ndi zoopsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake lero tikambirana za izi, zomwe zimachita ku ubongo, komanso zoopsa zake.

Mwachidule, kodi zinthu zimenezi zochititsa mantha ndi ziti?

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amasintha kwathunthu chikumbumtima cha munthu ndi momwe amaonera zinthu zomwe zili pafupi naye. Amatchedwanso "Psychedelics." Akagwiritsidwa ntchito, malingaliro ndi malingaliro a munthu amasintha mosalamulirika. Mankhwala ena osokoneza bongo ndi opangidwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amapangidwa m'ma laboratories. Ena ndi mankhwala achilengedwe omwe amapezeka mu zomera zina ndi bowa.

Mukagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amenewa, mumayamba kuona, kumva, ndi kumva zinthu zomwe sizilipo. Timatcha izi kuti "Kuona zinthu molakwika." Izi zikutanthauza kuona zithunzi, mawu, ndi zinthu zomwe sizilipo m'dziko lenileni. Anthu ena sangathe kudziletsa akamamwa izi, ndipo amamva ngati alekana ndi matupi awo ndi malo ozungulira.

Ngakhale kuti zotsatira za mankhwala aliwonsewa ndi zosiyana, zonse zimakhudza malingaliro anu, malingaliro anu, ndi momwe mukumvera. Munthu akamamwa mankhwala amodzi mwa awa, amatchedwa "kugwa." Izi zitha kukhala zabwino kapena zoyipa. Zabwino zimatchedwa "ulendo wabwino," pomwe zoopsa komanso zoopsa zimatchedwa "ulendo woipa."

M'mbuyomu, anthu akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa zaka mazana ambiri m'maphwando achipembedzo komanso pochiritsa matenda enaake. Koma posachedwapa, anthu azolowera kuwagwiritsa ntchito ngati zosangalatsa. Malinga ndi zamankhwala, mankhwalawa si otetezeka kugwiritsa ntchito konse. Komabe, asayansi tsopano akufufuza ngati angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza matenda ena amisala, monga kuvutika maganizo ndi nkhawa, motsogozedwa ndi dokotala.

Kodi mankhwala amenewa amakhudza bwanji ubongo?

Mwachidule, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amasokoneza maukonde a mankhwala otumizira mauthenga muubongo mwathu. Zili ngati kupereka uthenga wolakwika kwa mthenga ndikumulola kuti aufalitse kulikonse.

Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala ena amisala amasokoneza mankhwala enaake muubongo mwathu otchedwa serotonin. Serotonin iyi ndi neurotransmitter yomwe imayang'anira zinthu zambiri zofunika m'thupi lathu. Ndi mthenga wamng'ono amene amanyamula uthenga m'ubongo.

Zinthu zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi serotonin ndi izi:

• Kugona kwathu
• Njala
• Maganizo
• Kutentha kwa thupi
• Kuzindikira kwa malingaliro

Mankhwala ena amisala amakhudza glutamate ya neurotransmitter.

• Maganizo athu
• Momwe ululu umamvekera
• Kuphunzira ndi kukumbukira
• Momwe timachitira ndi chilengedwe

Pamene mauthenga awa asokonekera, momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito zimasinthiratu. Ndicho chifukwa chake timaona ndikumva zinthu zomwe si zenizeni.

Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya mankhwala a psychotropic

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala amenewa. Tiyeni tikambirane zina mwa mankhwala akuluakulu padera.

LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)

LSD ndi imodzi mwa mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri omwe amasintha maganizo padziko lonse lapansi. Imapangidwa kuchokera ku mankhwala otchedwa lysergic acid, omwe amachokera ku bowa womwe umamera pa tirigu monga rye. LSD, kapena "acid," ndi chinthu choyera chopanda mtundu. Nthawi zambiri imatengedwa poyamwa madziwo pa mapepala ang'onoang'ono, monga pepala lofufuta, ndikuyika mapepala ("tabs") pansi pa lilime. Nthawi zina imapezeka mu mawonekedwe a piritsi.

Motsogozedwa ndi LSD, munthu amataya kukhudzana ndi zenizeni. Amatha kukhala ndi zokumana nazo zachilendo ndikuwona masomphenya. Nthawi zina ngakhale malingaliro amasokonezeka. Mwachitsanzo, mawu amatha kuonedwa ngati fungo, ndipo mitundu imatha kumveka ngati mawu. Zotsatira zake zimatha kukhala pafupifupi maola 9 mpaka 12.

Ngakhale kuti akuti LSD siimayambitsa chizolowezi, sizikutanthauza kuti si yoopsa. Mukapitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito, thupi limazolowera (kulekerera). Kenako, kuti mupeze zomwezo monga kale, mlingo wogwiritsidwa ntchito uyenera kuwonjezeredwa.

Peyote

Peyote ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono, kopanda minga. Chomwe chimagwira ntchito kwambiri ndi mescaline. Ndi chinthu chachilengedwe chomwe chimapezeka mu kachidutswa aka. Anthu amathyola nyembazo, kuziumitsa, ndikuzitafuna. Kapena amaziviika m'madzi ndikumwa madziwo.

Zimatenga pafupifupi magalamu 0.3-0.5 a mescaline kuti apange zotsatira zake zosokoneza maganizo, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala kwa maola pafupifupi 12. Chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kowawa, anthu ena amaphika cactus kwa maola ambiri ndikumwa ngati tiyi. Palinso mitundu yopangidwa ya mescaline.

Psilocybin - Bowa Wamatsenga

Psilocybin ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka mu mtundu wapadera wa bowa womwe umamera m'madera otentha a ku United States, Mexico, ndi ku South America. Izi zimatchedwanso "bowa wamatsenga" kapena "'shrooms."

Bowa uwu ukhoza kudyedwa wophikidwa, wophikidwa, kapena wophikidwa wosaphika. Pofuna kuthetsa kukoma kowawa, anthu ena amasakaniza ndi chokoleti n’kudya.

Psilocybin ikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana. Imatha kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zomverera mpaka kulephera kupanga zisankho zabwino. "Ulendo woipa" ungaphatikizepo kuona zinthu zoopsa, kukhala ndi mantha aakulu, kuvutika maganizo, kapena mantha.

PCP (phencyclidine)

Ngakhale kuti ndi chidule cha PCP, dzina lake lonse ndi phenylcyclohexyl piperidine. Amatchedwanso "angel dust". Amabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo madzi, ufa, mapiritsi, ndi makapisozi. Anthu amameza, amaunyoza, amaubaya, kapena amausuta.

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, m'zaka za m'ma 1950, mankhwala a PCP anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala oletsa ululu, kutanthauza kuti, mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti munthu asazindikire. Koma kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kunathetsedwa kwathunthu mu 1965 chifukwa cha zotsatira zake zoyipa.

PCP imayambitsa kumva ngati munthu ali kunja kwa thupi lake. Pamene zotsatira zake zikutha, munthuyo amakhala wokwiya kwambiri komanso wosaganiza bwino, thupi lake limakhala lopanda mphamvu. Munthu akalandira mankhwala ambiri, amagwidwa ndi khunyu, amakhala chikomokere, ndipo ngakhale imfa imatha kuchitika.

Ketamine

Ketamine ndi mankhwala oletsa ululu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita opaleshoni kwa anthu ndi nyama. Ketamine yambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosaloledwa imabedwa m'zipatala za ziweto. Anthu amaimwa ngati ufa, amaimeza ngati piritsi, kapena kuibaya ngati madzi. Ketamine ingayambitsenso kumva ngati ili kunja kwa thupi lanu.

Zotsatirapo zoopsa za mankhwala awa

Zotsatira zoyipa zogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo awa ndizofala kwambiri. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ali ndi mankhwala ambiri omwe amakhudza ubongo. Zotsatirazi zimadalira kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito. Tiyeni tiwone zina mwa zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimapezeka kawirikawiri.

Zotsatira zoyipa za PCP

PCP ndi mankhwala omwe amayambitsa zotsatirapo zambiri zoopsa kwambiri.

• Pa mlingo wochepa ndi wapakati: Kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumawonjezeka pang'ono, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kugunda kwa mtima kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa miyendo, kulephera kugwira ntchito bwino kwa minofu kungachitikenso.
• Mu mlingo waukulu: Kuthamanga kwa magazi, kugunda kwa mtima, ndi kupuma kungachepe mwadzidzidzi. Kusanza, kusawona bwino, malovu, kulephera kukhazikika bwino, ndi chizungulire zingachitike.

Kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a PCP kungayambitse khunyu, chikomokere, komanso imfa. Imfa zambiri zimachitika munthu ataledzera, kaya chifukwa cha ngozi kapena kudzipha. PCP ingayambitsenso kuledzera, kotero ikamwedwa limodzi ndi mankhwala ena oletsa kupsinjika kwa mitsempha, monga mowa, chiopsezo cha chikomokere chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri.

Kodi pali chithandizo chilichonse?

Nthawi zina anthu amafuna chithandizo chifukwa cha "ulendo woipa," chifukwa ali pachiwopsezo chodzivulaza okha.

Zikatero, chithandizocho chimakhala chothandiza. Dokotala amaika wodwalayo m'chipinda chopanda phokoso komanso chopatsa mphamvu pang'ono. Nthawi zina, mankhwala monga benzodiazepine angapatsidwe kuti achepetse kukwiya kwambiri kapena kugwidwa ndi khunyu.

Palibe chithandizo chapadera cha matenda obwera chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (SUD). Komabe, chithandizo chamankhwala m'nyumba ndi machitidwe chingathandize kwambiri anthu omwe ali ndi mavutowa.

Kodi izi sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mankhwala?

Funso ili ndi lofunika kwambiri. Posachedwapa, kafukufuku wa psychedelic wabwereranso m'magulu akuluakulu. Kafukufuku wambiri wazachipatala wasonyeza kuti mankhwala a psilocybin akhoza kukhala njira yabwino yothandizira matenda ena amisala, monga kupsinjika maganizo ndi nkhawa. Kuphatikiza apo, maphunziro ena asonyeza kuti psilocybin ingakhalenso yothandiza pochiza matenda otsatirawa:

• Mutu wa mutu wa gulu
• Ululu wodabwitsa wa miyendo
• Ululu wosatha

Komabe, zonsezi zikadali mu gawo la kafukufuku. Ngati izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala, ziyenera kuchitika pokhapokha ngati dokotala akuyang'anira bwino.