Kodi akazi ali ndi ADHD? Inde, tiyeni tikambirane za izi! (Kusowa Chisamaliro/Kusokonezeka Maganizo)

Kodi nthawi zina mumamva ngati mutu wanu suli bwino? Kodi mumavutika kuganizira zinthu zazing'ono kwambiri? Kapena mumamva ngati maganizo anu akuyendayenda kwinakwake ngakhale mukulankhula ndi mnzanu? Kodi nthawi zambiri mumaiwala zinthu? Ngati zinthuzi zikukuchitikirani nthawi zambiri, mwina zomwe tikambirane zidzakhala zofunika kwambiri kwa inu. Lero tikulankhula za matenda omwe amapezekanso mwa akazi, koma nthawi zambiri sapezeka bwino. Ndi `ADHD` kapena `(Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)`.

Kodi ADHD ndi chiyani? Kodi imakhudza bwanji akazi?

Mwachidule, ADHD ndi vuto lomwe limachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa momwe ziwalo za ubongo wathu zimakulirakulira ndikugwira ntchito limodzi. Ngakhale kuti limayamba kuyambira ali ana , anthu ambiri, makamaka akazi, amapezeka ndi vutoli akakula, kaya ali achinyamata kapena akakula.

Ngakhale kuti vutoli lingakhudze amuna ndi akazi, pali kusiyana kwa momwe limakhudzira iwo. Ngakhale kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ADHD ndi yofala kwambiri mwa amuna, tsopano pali umboni wakuti akazi ambiri amavutika ndi vutoli kuposa momwe ankaganizira kale . Vuto ndilakuti nthawi zambiri silipezeka mokwanira chifukwa zizindikiro mwa akazi nthawi zina zimakhala zosiyana pang'ono komanso chifukwa cha malingaliro ena a anthu.

Kodi zizindikiro zofala kwambiri za ADHD mwa akazi ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za ADHD zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi chinthu chotchedwa "Executive Dysfunction." Izi zikutanthauza kuti ntchito zina zoyendetsera ubongo wathu, monga kusunga chidwi, kusunga malingaliro athu, kulamulira malingaliro, kulamulira zilakolako, ndi kukhala ndi zolinga zathu, sizigwira ntchito bwino.

Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya ADHD:

1. Mtundu wosaganizira : Anthu awa amavutika kuika maganizo awo pa chinthu chimodzi ndipo nthawi zambiri amaiwala zinthu.

2. Mtundu wa anthu opupuluma/osakhazikika : Anthu awa nthawi zonse amakhala osakhazikika, amavutika kukhala pamalo amodzi, ndipo amachita zinthu mopupuluma.

3. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana : Anthu awa ali ndi makhalidwe ofanana ndi mitundu yonse iwiri yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa.

Chofunika kwambiri n'chakuti akazi samakhala ndi zizindikiro zothamanga kwambiri/zosakhazikika . Izi zikutanthauza kuti samakhala ndi zizindikiro zosokoneza za ADHD kapena ADHD. Azimayi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zizindikiro zosazindikira.

Zizindikiro zosaganizira

Zizindikirozi zingasokoneze ntchito yanu, maphunziro anu, komanso ubale wanu ndi anthu ena. Onani ngati mwakhala ndi zizindikiro izi kwa miyezi yoposa isanu ndi umodzi:

• Nthawi zambiri ndimalakwitsa zinthu zazing'ono chifukwa chosayang'anira. Ndimagwira ntchito popanda kusamala kwambiri.
• N'zovuta kukhala ndi chidwi pa ntchito inayake ndi kuimaliza.
• Pamene ena akulankhulaZikuoneka ngati sakumvetsera (ngati kuti mutu wake uli kwina, monga ena anganene, "watayika m'dziko la maganizo").
• N'zosavuta kuyamba ntchito, koma n'zovuta kwambiri kuimaliza.
• N'zovuta kusankha zinthu zofunika kwambiri, kukonza zinthu, ndi kusankha choti muchite kaye ndi choti muchite pambuyo pake (makamaka pankhani ya ntchito zokhala ndi masitepe ambiri).
• Iwo sakonda kwenikweni ndipo amapewa ntchito zomwe amaziona kuti n’zosasangalatsa, monga mapepala ndi ntchito zapakhomo.
• Zinthu nthawi zonse zimatayika, zimatayika, kapena kuiwalika. Nthawi zonse ndimafunafuna cholembera changa, makiyi, ndi foni.
• N'zosavuta kusokonezedwa ndi chinthu chaching'ono chomwe chikukuzungulirani kapena ndi lingaliro lina lomwe limabwera m'maganizo mwanu.
• Ngakhale pa ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku, timaiwala zinthu. Mwina timaiwala nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala kapena tsiku loti tipereke bilu.

Tangoganizani kuti Nimali ali ndi 'lipoti' lofunika kukonzekera ku ofesi. Akuyamba kukonzekera, koma patapita kanthawi akuona 'chidziwitso' pafoni yake ndipo amapita kukachiyang'ana. Kenako akukumbukira china chake. Akabwerera ku 'lipoti', sakukumbukira komwe anasiyira. Ngati izi zimachitika kawirikawiri, zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha 'ADHD'.

Zizindikiro za Hyperactive/Impulsive-type

Ngakhale kuti zizindikirozi sizipezeka kawirikawiri pakati pa akazi, sizikutha konse. Izi zingasokonezenso ubale wanu, ntchito, ndi maphunziro. Onani ngati mwakhala ndi zizindikiro zosachepera zisanu ndi chimodzi mwa izi kwa miyezi yoposa isanu ndi umodzi:

• Kusinthasintha nthawi zonse, kuvutika kukhala pamalo amodzi. (kusinthasintha)
• Ndimafunika kudzuka nthawi zonse ndikuyenda. N'zovuta kukhala pampando kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Nthawi zonse ndimamva kusakhazikika.
• N'zovuta kukhala chete. Ndimalankhula ndekha, kapena ndimanena mawu ndi mawu opanda tanthauzo (nthawi zina osati mwadala, koma mwadzidzidzi).
• Muli ndi zochita zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti ena agwire nanu ntchito.
• Kulankhula mopitirira muyeso (nthawi zina 'kudzifotokozera' mopitirira muyeso, kapena kulankhula za chinthu chomwe amakonda kwambiri - izi zimatchedwanso `(info-dumping)`).
• Amavutika kudziletsa akamakambirana (nthawi zonse amasokoneza ena, amayankha asanamalize ziganizo zawo).
• N'zovuta kuleza mtima ndikudikira nthawi yanu.
• Malire a anthu nthawi zambiri samveka bwino (angasokoneze zokambirana kapena zochita za anthu ena mwangozi, ndipo sangazindikire kuti izi ndi zosokoneza ena).

Kodi ADHD ndi yofala bwanji pakati pa akazi? N’chifukwa chiyani siipezeka bwino?

Pali malingaliro osiyanasiyana okhudza kufalikira kwa ADHD pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wambiri, chiŵerengero cha anyamata ndi atsikana paubwana ndi pafupifupi 2:1.Izi zikutanthauza kuti atsikana awiri akakhala ndi ADHD, pali mwayi wofanana ndi wa mnyamata m'modzi. Koma kafukufuku wina akusonyeza kuti chiŵerengerochi chikhoza kufika pa 17:1. Komabe, akakula, chiŵerengerochi chimakhala chofanana. Izi zili choncho chifukwa akazi amapezeka ndi vutoli akakula.

Ngakhale kafukufuku watsimikizira kuti vutoli ndi lofala kwambiri mwa anyamata ndi amuna, palinso umboni woti nthawi zambiri silipezeka mwa akazi . Ofufuza akuganiza kuti izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo:

• Mtundu wa zizindikiro: Zizindikiro zogwira mtima/zosakhazikika zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri mwa anyamata ndi amuna zimaonekera mosavuta kwa ena, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizipezeka mosavuta. Zizindikiro zosayang'anira akazi sizimawonekera kwambiri.
• Tsankho: Popeza ADHD imaganiziridwa kuti ndi yofala kwambiri mwa amuna, madokotala komanso aphunzitsi sangasamale kwambiri zizindikiro zimenezi mwa akazi. Izi zingachedwetse akazi kupeza matenda oyenera komanso kulandira chithandizo.
• Kusowa kwa kafukufuku wa ADHD mwa akazi: Kafukufuku woyambirira wa ADHD adayang'ana kwambiri momwe imakhudzira amuna, kotero palibe kafukufuku wa ADHD wokhudza akazi.
• Zofooka za njira zodziwira matenda zomwe zilipo panopa: Akatswiri ena amanena kuti njira zodziwira matenda zomwe zilipo panopa sizothandiza kwambiri pozindikira ADHD mwa akazi, kapena kuti sizolondola kwenikweni.
• Maganizo okhudza kugonana ndi khalidwe: Makhalidwe okhudzana ndi ADHD - makamaka makhalidwe okhwima kwambiri - amaonedwa kuti ndi ovomerezeka kwa anyamata ndi amuna. Komabe, ngati mtsikana ndi wonyansa, amaonedwa kuti "si chinthu chabwino," kotero akazi amayesa kubisa ndikuletsa makhalidwe awa a ADHD kuti agwirizane nawo.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa ADHD?

Akatswiri sakumvetsabe chifukwa chake kapena momwe ADHD imachitikira. Koma akudziwa kuti ADHD ili ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu wa majini . Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati m'modzi mwa makolo anu ali ndi ADHD, muli ndi mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi ADHD. Ngati muli ndi ADHD, ana anu nawonso ali ndi mwayi waukulu wokhala nayo.

Anthu omwe ali ndi ADHD timawatcha kuti `Neurodivergent.` Izi zikutanthauza kuti momwe ubongo wawo wakulira komanso momwe umagwirira ntchito ndi zosiyana ndi za `Neurotypical'' (monga omwe, ubongo wawo ukukula ndi kugwira ntchito monga momwe amayembekezera).

Ofufuza akuyesetsabe kupeza momwe kusintha kumeneku pakukula kwa ubongo kumayambitsa ADHD. Pali umboni woti izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka ubongo, kapangidwe ka mankhwala, kapena zonse ziwiri. Palinso kukayikitsa kuti mahomoni opangidwa ndi kugonana kapena zinthu zina zitha kukhudza ADHD ndi zizindikiro zake. Ichi mwina ndichifukwa chake zizindikiro zina zimapezeka kwambiri mwa anyamata ndi amuna.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati muli ndi ADHD? (Kuzindikira)

Dokotala - nthawi zambiri dokotala wa matenda amisala kapena wamaganizo - adzadziwa ngati inu kapena mwana wanu ali ndi ADHD. Njira imeneyi nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kufunsa mafunso okhudza zizindikiro zomwe zilipo komanso zakale. Amagwiritsanso ntchito mafunso apadera kuti athandize kuzindikira ADHD. Pakadali pano palibe mayeso a labu kapena mayeso ena azachipatala omwe angathandize kuzindikira ADHD.

Kodi pali mankhwala a ADHD? Kodi angachiritsidwe?

ADHD si matenda ochiritsika kwathunthu. Komabe, ndi matenda olamulidwa bwino komanso ochiritsika. Mankhwala ndiye chithandizo chachikulu. Komanso, njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira zamaganizo, monga psychotherapy, kapena zomwe timatcha upangiri wamaganizo , zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri. Njira zolangizira izi zimathandiza ana ndi akuluakulu omwe ali ndi ADHD kuzolowera vutoli ndikuphunzira kukhala nalo. Komanso, upangiriwu ndi wothandiza pamavuto ena azaumoyo, monga nkhawa kapena kuvutika maganizo, omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi ADHD.

Kodi mankhwala ndi mankhwala otani pa izi?

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala omwe angachiritse ADHD. Ambiri mwa awa amagwira ntchito posintha kuchuluka kwa ma neurotransmitters, mankhwala omwe amathandiza ubongo wathu kulankhulana.

Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya mankhwala:

• Zolimbikitsa: Zitsanzo ndi monga methylphenidate (Ritalin®), dextroamphetamine/amphetamine salts (Adderall®), ndi lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse®). Zambiri mwa izi zimabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mankhwalawa amatha kumwedwa kwa nthawi yochepa kapena yayitali.
• Zosalimbikitsa: Zitsanzo ndi monga atomoxetine (Strattera®), viloxazine (Qelbree®), clonidine (Kapvay®) ndi guanfacine (Intuniv®).
• Mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo: Zitsanzo zake ndi bupropion (Wellbutrin®), desipramine (Norpramin®), imipramine (Tofranil®) ndi nortriptyline (Pamelor™).

Chofunika: Mankhwalawa ayenera kumwedwa pokhapokha ngati dokotala wakuuzani. Dokotalayo ndiye adzakukonzerani mankhwala oyenera komanso mlingo woyenera.

Kodi mankhwala angayambitse zotsatirapo zoyipa?

Zotsatirapo ndi zovuta za mankhwala a ADHD zimadalira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo mtundu wa mankhwala omwe mumamwa. Dokotala wanu akhoza kufotokoza bwino zomwe zingakuchitikireni komanso zomwe mungachite nazo.

Chotsatira chimodzi chomwe muyenera kudziwa makamaka ndi mankhwala olimbikitsa ndi kuchepa kwa chilakolako cha chakudya . Kawirikawiri mankhwalawa amachepetsa chilakolako cha chakudya. Komabe, izi zitha kukhala vuto ngati wina ali ndi vuto la kudya. Matenda odya amapezeka kwambiri mwa akazi kuposa amuna. Ngati mukukumana ndi kapena mukukayikira izi, muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala wa ana a mwana wanu kapena dokotala wanu.

Kodi pali njira yopewera ADHD?

ADHD imachitika m'njira zosayembekezereka komanso pazifukwa zomwe akatswiri sakuzimvetsa bwino. Chifukwa chake, pakadali pano palibe njira yopewera kapena kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matendawa.

Kodi mungayembekezere chiyani ngati muli ndi ADHD?

ADHD si vuto loopsa, koma lingakhudze mbali zambiri za moyo wanu - ntchito ya kusukulu, ntchito, mabwenzi, ubale wa m'banja, ndi zina zambiri.

Azimayi omwe ali ndi ADHD ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha:

• Kuzunza (kumaso ndi maso komanso kuzunza pa intaneti).
• Mavuto olamulira malingaliro , makamaka kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kukanidwa (Kukana Sensitive Dysphoria).
• Mavuto ophunzirira , mwachitsanzo `(Dyslexia)` (mavuto owerenga) ndi `(Dyscalculia)` (mavuto a masamu).
• Zizindikiro zakuthupi zokhudzana ndi thanzi la maganizo , mwachitsanzo, mutu, kuvutika m'mimba, kutopa, ndi kusowa tulo.
• Matenda amisala okhudzana ndi matendawa ndi monga nkhawa ndi kuvutika maganizo.
• Makhalidwe odzivulaza , monga kudula, kuluma misomali, ndi kutola khungu.
• Kuvuta kupanga ndi kusunga ubwenzi ndi maubwenzi (akazi nthawi zambiri amabisa zizindikiro zawo za ADHD kuti agwirizane nazo).

Kodi ADHD imatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

ADHD ndi vuto lomwe limayamba ali mwana, nthawi zambiri asanakwanitse zaka 12. Kunena zoona, ADHD ndi vuto lomwe limakhalapo kwa moyo wonse. Anthu ena amati "amakula" kapena "amakula akamakula," chifukwa zizindikiro zawo zimachepa pang'onopang'ono ndipo sizimakhala zovuta mokwanira kuti munthu adziwe matenda.

Komabe, akazi sangakhale ndi mwayi wochuluka woti "akule" ndi ADHD. Pafupifupi 60% ya akazi amapitirizabe kukhala ndi ADHD akakula. Pakati pa amuna, chiwerengerochi ndi pafupifupi 30%.

Kodi tingathe kutuluka mu mkhalidwe uwu? Kodi chiyembekezo chili bwanji?

Ndi chithandizo ndi maphunziro, zotsatira za vutoli zitha kulamulidwa ndi kusanduka zabwino. Akatswiri ndi ofufuza azindikira bwino kugwirizana pakati pa 'ADHD' ndi luso, luso lotha kuthetsa mavuto, ndi luso lokumbukira bwino. Makampani ambiri akuluakulu ali ndi chidwi chofuna kulemba anthu '(Neurodiverse)', kutanthauza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda monga 'ADHD'. Chifukwa zina mwa makhalidwe omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matendawa ndi opindulitsa pa ntchito zina.

Matenda a ADHD a munthu aliyense ndi osiyana ndi munthuyo. Anthu ambiri amakumana ndi mavuto popanda kupezedwa kapena kuchiritsidwa. Ngakhale n'zotheka kusintha kuti agwirizane ndi vutoli - ndipo mwina kusintha zizindikiro zake kukhala mphamvu - vutoli nthawi zambiri limapangitsa moyo kukhala wovuta.

Kodi mumadzisamalira bwanji? Kodi mungachite chiyani?

Ngati mukukayikira kuti inu kapena mwana wanu ali ndi ADHD, malo abwino oyambira kufunafuna thandizo ndi dokotala wa banja lanu (wopereka chithandizo chachikulu) kapena dokotala wa ana a mwana wanu. Angakutumizireni kwa katswiri yemwe ali ndi maphunziro komanso luso lozindikira ndi kuchiza ADHD.

Ngati katswiri wa matenda a ADHD akupezani, adzakupatsani malangizo ndi malangizo okhudza njira zothandizira. Nazi zina mwa zinthu zabwino kwambiri zomwe zingakuthandizeni paulendowu:

• Imwani mankhwala anu monga mwalembedwera. Mankhwala a ADHD nthawi zonse ayenera kumwedwa monga mwalembedwera. Kuchita izi kungathandize kupewa zotsatirapo zoyipa zomwe zingabwere chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala.
• Pitani kwa dokotala wanu monga mwalamulidwa. Kutengera ndi malamulo a m'dera lanu, mankhwala ena angakupatseni ngati mupita kwa dokotala nthawi zonse. Muyeneranso kupita ku misonkhano yolangiza ndi misonkhano ina yachipatala monga mwalamulidwa.
• Pezani zomwe zikukuyenderani bwino. Kuwonjezera pa kupeza chithandizo choyenera kwa inu, palinso zinthu zomwe mungawonjezere pa moyo wanu kuti zikuthandizeni kuthana ndi ADHD yanu. Kukhazikitsa machitidwe ndi zizolowezi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo - mwachitsanzo, mapulogalamu a pafoni omwe amathandiza ndi ADHD - kungathandizenso.
• Musaope kupempha malo ogona. Izi ndi kusintha kapena kusintha kwa malo anu antchito kapena kusukulu komwe kungakuthandizeni bwino kuthana ndi ADHD yanu. Malo ambiri (kutengera komwe mumakhala) ali ndi malamulo omwe amafuna olemba ntchito ndi mabungwe ophunzitsa kuti apange malo ogona awa. Dokotala wanu angakuuzeni zambiri za malo ogona omwe angakuthandizeni, kapena kukutsogolerani kuzinthu zomwe mungapeze thandizo.

Kumbukirani, palibe njira imodzi yoyenera yothanirana ndi ADHD. Anthu ena amapindula ndi mankhwala, ena ndi uphungu, ndipo ena ndi onse awiri. Chomwe chimagwira ntchito kwa munthu mmodzi chingagwire ntchito kwa inu kapena mwana wanu kapena ayi. Nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti muwone zotsatira zake imatha kusiyana. Chofunika ndikupeza chomwe chimagwira ntchito kwa inu ndi mwana wanu ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino zomwe mwapeza.

Kodi akazi ali ndi ADHD yosasamalira kwambiri?

Maganizo olakwika ambiri ndi akuti akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zizindikiro za mtundu wa ADHD wa ``Inattentive-type``, kapena kuti nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi mtundu umenewo. Komabe, maphunziro angapo asonyeza kuti sizili choncho .

Ndipotu, akazi ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi za amuna. Komabe, ali ndi zizindikiro zochepa za kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso/kupupuluma. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, akazi ali ndi mwayi wofanana ndi amuna kukhala ndi mtundu wa ADHD wosachita zinthu mopitirira muyeso, koma ali ndi mwayi wochepa wokhala ndi mtundu wa kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso/kupupuluma ndi mtundu wosakanikirana wa ADHD.

Azimayi omwe ali ndi ADHD nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda olakwika kapena kudwala molakwika. Izi zingawapangitse kumva kukhumudwa komanso kusowa chochita. Chofunika kwambiri ndikumvetsetsa kuti ADHD ndi matenda omwe amakhudza momwe ubongo wanu umagwirira ntchito. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mavuto omwe mumakumana nawo amayamba chifukwa cha matenda enaake, osati chifukwa cha vuto la umunthu wanu kapena khalidwe lanu.

Ngati mukukayikira kuti inu kapena mwana wanu ali ndi ADHD, ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi katswiri kuti adziwe ndikuchiza vutoli. Pamodzi, mutha kupanga dongosolo la chithandizo kuti muthane ndi zizindikiro zanu za ADHD. Kenako, mutha kupeza njira yosinthira zomwe zimakusiyanitsani ndi ena kukhala mphamvu zanu.

Pomaliza, kumbukirani izi ...

• ADHD ndi matenda enieni. Si chinthu chomwe mumaganizira, si ulesi, si kufooka kwa khalidwe.
• ADHD ndi yofala kwambiri pakati pa akazi. Komabe, nthawi zambiri imapezeka mochedwa kapena singazindikirike konse.
• Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi zizindikiro za ADHD, musaope kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala. Kuzindikira matenda moyenera ndi chithandizo kungathandize kwambiri moyo wanu.
• Simuli nokha. Pali anthu ena ambiri omwe ali ndi vutoli. Pezani thandizo, gawani zomwe mwakumana nazo.
• Kukhala ndi ADHD kungakhale kovuta, koma ndi chithandizo choyenera ndi njira zoyenera, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wopambana komanso wachimwemwe. Yesetsani kusintha kusiyana kwanu kukhala mphamvu zanu!

ADHD , ADHD mwa akazi, vuto la kuchepa kwa chidwi, zizindikiro za ADHD, chithandizo cha ADHD, thanzi la maganizo