Zotupa

"Sindingathe kuziona, ndili ndi ziwengo!" Timaseka za anthu omwe sagwirizana nafe, eti? Monga momwe timavutikira ndi anthu omwe sagwirizana ndi malingaliro athu, timatcha ziwengo kudana ndi zinthu zina zakunja zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi thupi lathu.

Ndikamalankhula za vuto la ziwengo, ndimakumbukira zomwe zinachitikira mnzanga wapamtima Rumesh pamene ndinkaphunzira ku Colombo Medical Faculty.

Tsiku lina, gulu lathu linapita ku hotelo pafupi ndi sukulu, tikusangalala kuti tamaliza ntchito yaikulu. Tinaitanitsa mpunga watsopano wapadera kuchokera kumeneko. Titalandira chakudyacho, tinali kukambirana ndikuchidya, pomwe Rumesh mwadzidzidzi anati, "O, pakamwa panga pakumva zachilendo."

Titangoyang'ana, milomo ya Rumesh inali itatupa, thupi lake lonse linali litadzaza ndi madontho ofiira, ndipo maso ake anali ofiira. Choopsa kwambiri chinali pamene Rumesh anayamba kulira kuti, "Sindingathe kupuma, dokotala." Rumesh anali ndi vuto la chinanazi. Chifukwa mpunga unali ndi chinanazi, anayamba kudwala anaphylaxis, vuto lomwe linkapha munthu.

Mwamwayi, mnzathu wina analandira jakisoni wa adrenaline (epinephrine), choncho tinamubaya jakisoni ku hotelo komweko ndipo tinamutengera Rumeshi kuchipatala mwachangu. Zimenezo zinapulumutsa moyo wa Rumeshi tsiku limenelo.

Kotero lero tikambirana chifukwa chake ziwengo zimenezi zimachitika komanso momwe tiyenera kukhalira pakagwa ngozi yotereyi.

Kodi ziwengo ndi chiyani?

Matenda a ziwengo ndi vuto lomwe limayamba chifukwa cha kusamvetsetsana kwa chitetezo chamthupi chathu.

Pamene chinthu chachilendo, monga fumbi, mungu, chakudya, kapena mankhwala, chomwe nthawi zambiri sichimavulaza thupi lathu chilowa m'thupi mwathu, chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimachiwona molakwika ngati mdani (chinthu choopsa). Kenako chimapanga antibody yotchedwa IgE (Immunoglobulin E) kuti chithane nacho. Ichi ndi chomwe chimachitika m'thupi chomwe chimayambitsa zizindikiro izi za ziwengo.

Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya ziwengo

• Ziwengo pa chakudya: Ziwengo zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi zakudya monga mtedza, mazira, mkaka, nsomba, nkhono, tirigu, soya, ndi zipatso monga chinanazi.
• Hay Fever: Kuthimula, mphuno yotuluka madzi, ndi kuyabwa kwa maso komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kupuma fumbi, ubweya wa nyama, kapena mungu wochokera m'maluwa omwe ali mlengalenga.
• Matenda a pakhungu (Atopic Dermatitis): Matuza ofiira komanso oyabwa pakhungu omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana, sopo, kapena nsalu.
• Kudwala matenda a mankhwala: Kudwala matenda oyambitsidwa ndi maantibayotiki monga penicillin kapena mankhwala ena ochepetsa ululu.
• Kuluma ndi tizilombo: Matenda a ziwengo omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuluma ndi njuchi, mavu, mavu, kapena nyerere.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji zizindikiro za ziwengo?

Kuopsa kwa ziwengo kumasiyana malinga ndi munthu.

1. Zizindikiro zazing'ono

• Kutsimula
• Mphuno yotuluka madzi ndi kuyabwa
• Kufiira ndi kung'ambika kwa maso
• Ziphuphu zazing'ono pakhungu

2. Zizindikiro zocheperako

• Kusanza kapena kupweteka m'mimba
• Mafinya ofiira thupi lonse (Hives)
• Kuvuta pang'ono kupuma

3. Zizindikiro zazikulu (anaphylaxis)

• Kutupa kwa milomo, pakamwa, lilime, ndi pakhosi
• Kuvuta kwambiri kupuma (phokoso lochokera pachifuwa)
• Kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi mwachangu
• Chizungulire, kukomoka, komanso kutaya chidziwitso

> [! CHOFUNIKA]
> Anaphylaxis ndi vuto lalikulu lachipatala lomwe lingakhale loopsa pasanathe mphindi zochepa. Ngati muwona zizindikiro zilizonsezi, muyenera kupereka chithandizo choyamba kwa wodwalayo nthawi yomweyo ndikupita naye kuchipatala chapafupi.

Mayeso ozindikira ziwengo

Dokotala adzayitanitsa mayeso awa kuti adziwe chomwe chikuyambitsa ziwengo zanu:
1. Kuyesa Kuboola Khungu: Mankhwala ochepa omwe akuganiziridwa amatengedwa, kubaya khungu kumayikidwa, ndipo zotsatira zake zimawonedwa.
2. Kuyesa Magazi a IgE: Chitsanzo cha magazi chimatengedwa ndikuyesedwa kuti chiwone ngati pali ma antibodies a IgE motsutsana ndi zinthu zinazake.

Kodi mankhwala a ziwengo ndi ati?

1. Kupewa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa ziwengo

Chithandizo chabwino kwambiri cha ziwengo ndi kuzindikira zinthu zomwe simukuzikonda ndikuzipewa kwathunthu.

2. Chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Mapiritsi a antihistamine kapena ma spray a m'mphuno angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa zizindikiro zochepa mpaka zochepa monga momwe dokotala wanenera.

3. Jakisoni wa adrenaline wadzidzidzi (EpiPen / Epinephrine)

Anthu omwe ali ndi ziwengo zoopsa amalangizidwa ndi madokotala kuti nthawi zonse azinyamula chojambulira chokha chotchedwa EpiPen (Epinephrine Auto-injector) kuti ateteze miyoyo yawo. Ngati pali vuto la anaphylaxis, kubaya jakisoni mwachindunji m'ntchafu ya wodwalayo kungachepetse nthawi yomweyo mavuto opuma ndikupulumutsa miyoyo.

Zoyenera kuchita ndi zosayenera kuchita

Magwero asayansi (Maumboni)

• 📚 Matenda a ziwengo - Malangizo a National Health Service (NHS)
• 📚 Adrenaline (epinephrine) yochizira anaphylaxis yokhala ndi kapena yopanda shock - PubMed Central (PMC)
• 📚 Ndani Akufunika Epinephrine? Anaphylaxis, Autoinjection, ndi Parachute - PubMed Central (PMC)

Uthenga wofunika kwambiri wopita nawo kunyumba

• Matenda a ziwengo ndi kusamvetsetsana komwe kumachitika pamene ma antibodies a IgE a chitetezo cha mthupi achita zinthu mopitirira muyeso poganiza kuti chinthu chosavulaza chomwe chimalowa m'thupi kuchokera kunja ndi mdani.
• Anaphylaxis ndi vuto loopsa kwambiri la ziwengo lomwe limayambitsa kutupa kwa milomo/pakhosi, kupuma movutikira, komanso kutaya chidziwitso, ndipo limafuna thandizo loyamba mwamsanga ndi jakisoni wa adrenaline (Epinephrine/EpiPen).
• Kuzindikira ndi kupewa zinthu zomwe zimakupangitsani kukhala ndi vuto la ziwengo ndikufunsa upangiri wa dokotala musanakumane ndi vuto ladzidzidzi ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yopulumutsira moyo wanu.