Tangoganizirani momwe zingakhalire zoopsa ngati mwadzidzidzi mutadwala matenda a mtima kapena sitiroko. Vuto lalikulu nthawi ngati zimenezi ndi magazi oundana omwe amapangika mkati mwa mitsempha yamagazi ya thupi lathu. Ngati magazi oundanawa amamatira mumtsempha womwe umanyamula magazi kupita kumtima kapena ku ubongo, ukhoza kuwononga kwambiri. Pa nthawi yovuta kwambiri m'moyo, tikulankhula za mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri, apadera omwe angathe kusungunula magazi oundanawo ndikupulumutsa miyoyo.
Kodi Alteplase ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, Alteplase ndi mankhwala omwe amabayidwa mumtsempha ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pazidzidzidzi. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikusungunula magazi omwe apanga m'malo oopsa m'thupi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zina amatchedwa "clot buster".
Pakachitika matenda a mtima , mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imapereka magazi kumtima imatsekedwa ndi magazi kuundana. Mofananamo, pamene sitiroko yachitika, magazi kuundana nthawi zambiri amatseka mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imapereka magazi ku ubongo. Ngati magazi kuundanawa asungunuka mwachangu popereka mankhwala a Alteplase, amatha kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mtima kapena ubongo, kuwonjezera mphamvu ya wodwalayo kuti achire, ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kulumala.
Chofunika ndichakuti, iyi si mankhwala omwe mungagule ku pharmacy ndikusunga kunyumba. Amaperekedwa kuchipatala kokha, moyang'aniridwa mwachindunji ndi madokotala ndi anamwino.
Zinthu zomwe muyenera kuuza dokotala wanu musanapereke mankhwala awa
Popeza Alteplase ndi mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuti dokotala wanu adziwe mbiri yanu yonse yachipatala musanakupatseni mankhwalawo. Izi zili choncho chifukwa zingakhale zoopsa kupereka mankhwalawa kwa munthu amene ali ndi matenda enaake. Ngati muli ndi matenda aliwonse otsatirawa, muyenera kuuza dokotala wanu.
| Matenda anu | N’chifukwa chiyani chidziwitso chili chofunika? |
|---|---|
| Kufooka kwa khoma la mtsempha wamagazi (Aneurysm) | Pali chiopsezo chakuti mtsempha wofooka uphulike chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito kwa mankhwala. |
| Matenda otuluka magazi kapena mavuto okhudza magazi | Mankhwalawa amawonjezeranso chiopsezo cha kutuluka magazi. |
| Opaleshoni yaposachedwa kapena biopsy | Mabala ochitidwa opaleshoni amatha kutuluka magazi ambiri. |
| Kuthamanga kwa magazi kosalamulirika | Matenda aakulu monga kutuluka magazi muubongo angachitike. |
| Kuvulala mutu, chotupa cha muubongo, kapena sitiroko yapitayi | Chiwopsezo cha kutuluka magazi mkati mwa chigaza n'chokwera kwambiri. |
| Kuwonongeka kwa maso komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda a shuga (Diabetic Retinopathy) | Kutuluka magazi m'maso kungachitike. |
| Kukhala ndi pakati, kuyesa kutenga pakati, kapena kuyamwitsa | Dokotala ayenera kusankha zoopsa zomwe zingachitike kwa mayi ndi mwana. |
| Matenda a chifuwa cha mankhwala ena kapena chakudya | Kupewa vuto la ziwengo ku mankhwala. |
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhwalawa ndi zomwe muyenera kusamala nazo
Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa ngati jakisoni kudzera mu kanula yomwe imayikidwa mumtsempha. Izi zimachitika kuchipatala kapena ku chipatala chonse.
Pamene mukumwa mankhwala
Mukapatsidwa Alteplase, matenda anu adzayang'aniridwa ndi madokotala ndi anamwino. Kugunda kwa mtima wanu, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi zizindikiro zina zofunika zidzawunikidwa nthawi zonse. Mudzalangizidwa kuti mupumule pabedi kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha kutuluka magazi.
Kuopsa kwa kutuluka magazi
Choopsa chachikulu komanso chachikulu cha mankhwalawa ndi kutuluka magazi. Alteplase imagwira ntchito posungunula magazi oundana ndikufooketsa kwakanthawi njira yachilengedwe youndana kwa magazi m'thupi.
- Chifukwa chake , potsuka mano anu ndi kutsuka mphuno yanu, muyenera kuchita izi mosamala komanso mosamala kwambiri.
- Ngakhale bala laling'ono pathupi lingayambitse kutuluka magazi ambiri kuposa masiku onse.
- Musamwe mankhwala ena ochepetsa ululu (makamaka NSAIDs) monga Aspirin ndi Ibuprofen , ndi mankhwala ena ochepetsa magazi monga Warfarin ndi Heparin popanda chilolezo cha dokotala.
Nanga bwanji ngati mlingo wa mankhwalawo ukuwonjezeka?
Popeza mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kuchipatala, simuyenera kuda nkhawa ndi mlingo wake. Amawerengedwa molondola ndi akatswiri azachipatala. Ngati pali kukayikira kulikonse kwa kumwa mankhwala opitirira muyeso, ogwira ntchito kuchipatala adzadziwitsa nthawi yomweyo Chipatala cha Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) kapena, ngati pakufunika , National Poisons Information Centre ku Colombo National Hospital .
Zotsatirapo zomwe zingatheke
Monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, Alteplase ingayambitse zotsatirapo zina. Zina zimakhala zoopsa ndipo zina zimakhala zofala.
| Zotsatira zoyipa | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Zotsatirapo zoyipa zomwe ziyenera kufotokozedwa kwa dokotala wanu kapena ogwira ntchito ya unamwino nthawi yomweyo | |
| Matenda a ziwengo | Kutupa pakhungu, kuyabwa, kutupa kwa nkhope, milomo kapena lilime, komanso kuvutika kupuma. |
| Zizindikiro za kutuluka magazi | Chimbudzi chakuda kapena chochedwa, mkodzo wofiira kapena wakuda, kusanza chinthu chomwe chimaoneka ngati khofi wophikidwa, madontho ofiira pakhungu, kutuluka magazi kosazolowereka m'kamwa, m'maso, kapena m'mphuno. |
| Zizindikiro za sitiroko | Kusintha kwa masomphenya, chisokonezo, kuvutika kulankhula kapena kumvetsetsa, mutu waukulu, dzanzi mwadzidzidzi kapena kufooka pankhope, mkono kapena mwendo, kuvutika kuyenda, chizungulire. |
| Kusintha kwa kugunda kwa mtima | Kugunda kwa mtima pang'onopang'ono kapena mofulumira kwambiri. |
| Zotsatirapo zomwe nthawi zambiri sizimakhala zoopsa (koma ziyenera kunenedwa ngati zikupitirira) | |
| Chizungulire | Ndikofunikira kudzuka pang'onopang'ono mukadzuka pabedi. |
| Malungo | Kutentha kwa thupi kokwera. |
| Kusanza ndi kusanza (Kusanza, Kusanza) | Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochitika zakanthawi kochepa. |
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Alteplase ndi mankhwala amphamvu komanso opulumutsa moyo omwe amasungunula magazi m'mitsempha pa nthawi yadzidzidzi monga matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko.
- Izi zimaperekedwa kuchipatala chokha, motsogozedwa ndi dokotala. Simuloledwa kuzitenga kunyumba kapena kuzigwiritsa ntchito nokha.
- Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuuza dokotala wanu za matenda anu onse ndi mankhwala ena onse omwe mukumwa (kuphatikizapo mavitamini ndi zitsamba).
- Chifukwa chiopsezo chachikulu cha mankhwalawa ndi kutuluka magazi, mudzayang'aniridwa mosamala panthawi ya chithandizo komanso kwa masiku angapo pambuyo pake.
- Dziwitsani ogwira ntchito kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo ngati muwona zizindikiro zachilendo, monga mutu waukulu, kutuluka magazi kosazolowereka, kapena zizindikiro za ziwengo.
👩🏽⚕️ Mafunso ena (Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri)
💬 Kodi katemera wa Alteplase / tPA / Activase amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chiyani?
Iyi ndi mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi otchedwa 'clot buster / thrombolytic'! Kaya wodwala wadwala mwadzidzidzi 'mtima' kapena ubongo wake wauma zomwe zimayambitsa ziwalo (ischemic stroke) mkati mwa mphindi zochepa (ngati wabweretsedwa kuchipatala mkati mwa maola 3 mpaka 4.5), ndi jakisoni wopulumutsa moyo womwe umaperekedwa mu dipatimenti yadzidzidzi (IV) ya chipatala kuti magazi asungunuke ndikupulumutsa moyo wa wodwalayo 100%!
💬 Kodi jakisoni uyu (Alteplase) angasungunule bwanji magazi omwe amaundana mu ubongo/mtima nthawi yomweyo?
Chomwe chimachita ndi kuyatsa mwamphamvu makina osungunula a thupi lathu (Plasmin)! Kuundana kwa magazi kumapangidwa pamene maselo a magazi akodwa mu ukonde wotchedwa 'Fibrin'. Jakisoni uyu akalowa m'thupi, amapeza magazi oundana (Tissue Plasminogen Activator) ndipo amayamba kupanga enzyme yotchedwa plasmin mkati mwake mpaka kufika poti yayamba kugwira ntchito. Kenako, ukonde (Fibrin) umadulidwa mzidutswa, kusungunuka, ndipo kuyenda kwa magazi kumayambanso.
💬 Ngakhale wodwala atapulumutsidwa ndi katemera uyu (tPA), kodi chiopsezo chachikulu kwambiri (Chenjezo la Black Box) ndi chiti?
Choopsa chachikulu ndi 'Intracranial Hemorrhage'! Izi zimasungunula magazi oundana, kotero ngati pali bala laling'ono kulikonse m'thupi, lipitiliza kutuluka magazi ndipo kutuluka magazi sikungathe kutha. Nthawi zina mtsempha wamagazi muubongo umaphulika ndipo ziwalo zimachira, koma ngakhale wodwalayo atatuluka magazi muubongo, zimakhala zakupha ndipo zimatha kupha munthu nthawi yomweyo! (Ndicho chifukwa chake matenda otuluka magazi/kupanikizika amafufuzidwa musanapereke izi).
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