Mukamva mawu oti " Amphetamines , " mungaganize kuti chinthu china choopsa pang'ono. Anthu ena amawaona ngati mankhwala osaloledwa. Komabe, zoona zake n'zosiyana kwambiri. Awa ndi mankhwala ofunikira kwambiri omwe, akagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera komanso motsogozedwa ndi dokotala, angathandize pa matenda ambiri. Choncho lero, tiyeni tichotse malingaliro olakwika okhudza amphetamines ndikulankhula za nkhani yeniyeni.
Mwachidule, kodi ma amphetamine awa ndi chiyani?
Amphetamines ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa dongosolo lathu la mitsempha , zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amatipangitsa kukhala otanganidwa pang'ono. Ali ngati khofi yomwe imagwedeza munthu amene akugona, koma m'njira yovuta kwambiri. Madokotala amawalemba makamaka kuti athetse vuto la kuchepa kwa chidwi ( ADHD ) komanso nthawi zina kunenepa kwambiri .
Kodi mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito bwanji m'thupi?
Izi n'zosavuta kuzimvetsa. Mu ubongo mwathu muli mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito ngati "anthu otumiza uthenga" kuti anyamule uthenga. M'mawu azachipatala, timatcha ma neurotransmitters awa. Awiri akuluakulu ndi dopamine ndi norepinephrine .
Taganizirani izi, mankhwala awiriwa ndi omwe amakuthandizani kukhalabe osamala, osangalala , komanso atcheru. Mukatenga amphetamine, chomwe chimagwira ntchito ndikupatsa ubongo mphamvu pang'ono kuti "utulutse dopamine ndi norepinephrine pang'ono." Sikuti zokhazo, komanso mankhwala awa amathandizanso kuti mankhwala omwe amatulutsidwa akhalebe muubongo kwa kanthawi.
Zotsatira zake, mungakumane ndi zinthu monga:
- Mudzatha kumvetsera mwatcheru.
- Kumva kuti watsitsimutsidwa komanso wapatsidwa mphamvu.
- Kugona kumachepa ndipo mungakhale maso kwa nthawi yayitali.
- Chilakolako cha chakudya chingachepe pang'ono.
- Kumva bwino komanso kosangalatsa kumabwera m'maganizo mwanga.
Chofunika kwambiri: Mankhwalawa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati dokotala wakupatsani mankhwala, mu mlingo wovomerezeka komanso m'njira yovomerezeka. Ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika, monga kumwa mopitirira muyeso kapena kubaya jakisoni m'njira zina, pali chiopsezo cha kuledzera. Komabe, akagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala, chiopsezo cha kuledzera chimakhala chochepa kwambiri.
Mitundu ya amphetamines ndi mayina awo
Pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala mu gulu la amphetamine. Mankhwala omwewo akhoza kukhala ndi mayina osiyanasiyana. Ngati dokotala akupatsani imodzi mwa izi kwa inu kapena mwana wanu, ndi bwino kudziwa kuti ndi chiyani.
| Dzina la mankhwala onse | Mwachitsanzo, mayina a makampani |
|---|---|
| Amphetamine | Adzenys®, Evekeo® |
| Kuphatikiza kwa Amphetamine | Adderall®, Mydayis® |
| Dextroamphetamine | Dexedrine®, Zenzedi® |
| Lisdexamfetamine | Vyvanse® |
| Methamphetamine | Desoxyn® (izi sizimalimbikitsidwa kawirikawiri) |
| Fentermine | Adipex®, Lomaira® |
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mosagwiritsa Ntchito Zachipatala
Iyi ndi mbali yomwe imawopseza anthu ambiri. Inde, pali nthawi zina pomwe amphetamines amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanda chilolezo cha dokotala, posangalala kapena pazinthu zina (monga kuphunzira mayeso, kukhala maso kuntchito). Iyi ndi njira yoopsa kwambiri komanso yosaloledwa.
Mwina munamvapo za MDMA , yomwe imadziwikanso kuti "Ecstasy" kapena "Molly." Ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka m'gulu la amphetamine. Koma ofufuza akufufuzanso ngati MDMA ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chithandizo cha matenda amisala monga post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) .
Matenda akuluakulu omwe amachiritsidwa ndi amphetamines
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana.
- ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder): Iyi ndiyo ntchito yaikulu. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kuti athandize pa ntchito ya kusukulu komanso pocheza ndi anthu, makamaka ana ndi achinyamata.
- Matenda Ogona Mopitirira Muyeso: Uwu ndi matenda ogona omwe amachititsa anthu kugona mopanda mphamvu nthawi iliyonse ya tsiku. Mankhwalawa amathandiza kuti akhale maso tsiku lonse.
- Kunenepa Kwambiri: Ma amphetamine ena amaletsa chilakolako cha chakudya, kotero amatha kuperekedwa kwa kanthawi kochepa motsogozedwa ndi dokotala ngati gawo la pulogalamu yochepetsera thupi.
- Matenda Odya Mopitirira Muyeso: Mankhwala ena amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza vutoli.
Kodi kusiyana pakati pa Amphetamine ndi Methamphetamine ndi kotani?
Anthu ambiri amasokoneza mayina awiriwa chifukwa ndi ofanana kwambiri. Ngakhale onse awiri ali ofanana m'makemikolo, pali kusiyana kwakukulu.
| Mbali | Amphetamine | Methamphetamine |
|---|---|---|
| Matenda ochiritsidwa | Yavomerezedwa kwa ADHD, Narcolepsy, ndi Kunenepa Kwambiri. | Yavomerezedwa kokha kwa ADHD (koma imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri). |
| Mphamvu | Wamphamvu, koma wochepa poyerekeza ndi Methamphetamine. | Yamphamvu kwambiri. Imakhudza kwambiri ubongo. |
| Liwiro la kuphedwa | Zimatenga nthawi kuti zotsatira zake ziyambe kugwira ntchito. | Zotsatira zake zimachitika mwachangu kwambiri. |
| Malangizo | Madokotala amalangiza kwambiri. | Sizimalimbikitsidwa kawirikawiri chifukwa cha chiopsezo chachikulu cha zotsatirapo zoyipa komanso kuledzera. |
Kodi pali zotsatirapo zilizonse pa mankhwalawa?
Monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, amphetamines amatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa. Izi nthawi zambiri sizimakhala zoopsa ndipo zimachepa thupi lanu likayamba kuzolowera mankhwalawo. Komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe muyenera kudziwa. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izi.
| Zotsatirapo zomwe zingakhalepo chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito amphetamine | |
|---|---|
| Zotsatira zoyipa zofala komanso zosaopsa kwambiri | |
| - Kusowa tulo | - Kutaya chilakolako cha chakudya ndi kuchepetsa thupi |
| - Mutu | - Kupweteka m'mimba, nseru |
| - Kuwonjezeka kwa kugunda kwa mtima | - Kusakhazikika, kukwiya |
| - Chizungulire | - Manja ndi mapazi ozizira |
| Zotsatirapo zoyipa zomwe sizichitika kawirikawiri koma ziyenera kufotokozedwa kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo: | |
| - Kupweteka pachifuwa | - Kuvuta kupuma |
| - Kusintha kwa maganizo (monga kuwona zinthu m'maganizo, kukayikira kwambiri) | - Matenda oopsa kwambiri |
| - Kuvulala kwa zala | - Kusankha khungu mokakamiza |
Kumbukirani: Ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa izi, siyani kumwa mankhwala nthawi yomweyo ndipo pitani ku dipatimenti yapafupi yadzidzidzi yachipatala (ETU) . Ngati mukuda nkhawa ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Iye akhoza kusintha mlingo wanu kapena kukupatsani mankhwala ena.
Kodi pangakhale mavuto ndi mankhwala ena?
Inde, ndithudi. Amphetamines imatha kuyanjana ndi mankhwala ena ambiri. Choncho uzani dokotala wanu za mankhwala onse omwe mukumwa. Izi zikuphatikizapo mavitamini, zowonjezera, mankhwala ogulitsidwa kunja kwa ofesi ya dokotala, komanso mankhwala olembedwa ndi dokotala.
Mavuto angachitike, makamaka ndi mankhwala awa:
- Mankhwala ena ochizira kuvutika maganizo (MAOIs, Tricyclic antidepressants)
- Mankhwala a kuthamanga kwa magazi
- Mankhwala ena a gastritis (mankhwala oletsa asidi, mankhwala oletsa kupopera kwa proton)
- Mankhwala monga Panadin omwe ali ndi antihistamines
Kodi n'koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndi mowa?
Sizili bwino konse. Musamwe mowa kwa kanthawi kochepa mutamwa amphetamines. Kuphatikiza kwa ziwirizi kungayambitse zotsatira zosafunikira komanso zoopsa. Funsani dokotala wanu nthawi yomwe muyenera kudikira.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati musiya kumwa mankhwalawo?
Sizofala kuti munthu amene amamwa mankhwala monga momwe dokotala wanenera, akumane ndi zizindikiro zosiya kumwa mankhwala akasiya. Komabe, musasiye kumwa mankhwala mwadzidzidzi popanda kufunsa dokotala.
Koma anthu ena angamve "kugwa" pang'ono pamene zotsatira za mankhwalawo zikutha, pamapeto pake. Izi zikutanthauza:
- Mwadzidzidzi ndikumva kutopa.
- Ndikumva wokwiya komanso wosakhazikika.
- Ndikumva njala kwambiri.
- N'zovuta kulemba ndekha.
Ngati mukuona kuti "ngozi" iyi ndi yovuta kuipirira ndipo ikusokoneza zochita zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za vutoli. Izi zitha kuthetsedwa mwa kusintha nthawi yomwe mumamwa mankhwala anu kapena kusintha mankhwala omwe amatulutsidwa nthawi yayitali.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Amphetamine ndi mankhwala othandiza kwambiri akagwiritsidwa ntchito moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala. Musachite mantha ndi mankhwalawo mopanda chifukwa.
- Mankhwalawa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati dokotala wakupatsani mankhwala. Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala a anthu ena kapena kupereka mankhwala anu kwa ena pazifukwa zilizonse.
- Uzani dokotala wanu tsatanetsatane wa mankhwala ena onse, mavitamini, ndi mankhwala a ku Sinhala omwe mukumwa.
- Dziwani zotsatirapo zake. Ngati muli ndi nkhawa iliyonse, dziwitsani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zazikulu, pitani ku ETU kuchipatala chapafupi.
- Pewani kusiya kumwa mankhwala mwadzidzidzi popanda upangiri wa dokotala.
- Pewani kumwa mowa kotheratu mukamamwa mankhwalawa.
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