Kodi muli ndi chotupa pakhosi panu? Tiyeni tiphunzire za mtundu woopsa wa khansa ya chithokomiro? (Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer - ATC)

Kodi munayamba mwamvapo chotupa kutsogolo kwa khosi lanu? Kapena pali wina amene mumamudziwa amene anamvapo chotupacho? Nthawi zina munganyalanyaze zinthu izi. Komabe, lero tikambirana za mtundu wina woopsa pang'ono, koma wosowa kwambiri wa khansa ya chithokomiro. Umatchedwa `(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer)` kapena `(ATC)`. Izi zingamveke ngati zovuta pang'ono, koma tiyeni tizisunge mosavuta, chabwino?

Kodi Khansa ya Chithokomiro ya Anaplastic (ATC) ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, `(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer)` kapena `(ATC)` ndi khansa yofala kwambiri komanso yoopsa yomwe imapezeka mu chithokomiro chathu. Kodi mukudziwa, chithokomiro cha `(thyroid)` ndi chithokomiro chaching'ono chooneka ngati gulugufe chomwe chili kutsogolo kwa khosi lanu, pansi pa khungu. Ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la `(endocrine system)` ya thupi lathu, kutanthauza, dongosolo lomwe limapanga mahomoni. Mahomoni opangidwa ndi `(chithokomiro)` ichi amathandiza kuwongolera ntchito zambiri zofunika m'thupi.

`(ATC)` iyi imatchedwanso `(khansa ya chithokomiro yosasinthika)`. Chifukwa cha izi ndikuti maselo a khansa awa samawoneka ngati maselo a chithokomiro abwinobwino. Ndi osiyana kwambiri ndipo akhala ovuta kuwazindikira. Chifukwa cha kuopsa ndi kufulumira kwa khansa iyi, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) yomwe imapanga zisankho zokhudzana ndi khansa nthawi zonse imaona `(ATC)` iyi ngati khansa ya `(Gawo IV)`. Izi zikutanthauza kuti imatha kukhala yotsogola kwambiri ikapezeka.

Ndani amene ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza khansa ya ``(ATC)``?

Khansa ya Chithokomiro ya Anaplastic imapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 60. Zapezekanso kuti akazi ndi omwe ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza khansa iyi kuposa amuna.

Kodi vutoli ndi lofala bwanji?

Khansa ya Chithokomiro ya Anaplastic kwenikweni ndi mtundu wa khansa wosowa kwambiri . Imakhala pafupifupi 2% ya khansa yonse ya chithokomiro. Tangoganizirani, ngakhale m'dziko ngati America, munthu m'modzi kapena awiri okha mwa anthu miliyoni amapezeka ndi matendawa chaka chilichonse. Chifukwa chake, iyi si matenda omwe amakhudza anthu ambiri.

Kodi `(ATC)` ikukula mofulumira bwanji?

Ili ndiye vuto lalikulu la khansa iyi. Khansa ya Chithokomiro ya Anaplastic ndi khansa yofala kwambiri komanso yoopsa . Nthawi zina imatha kukula mofulumira mkati mwa milungu ingapo ndikufalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi.

Tangoganizirani, pafupifupi 50% ya anthu omwe ali ndi ``(ATC)`` iyi, pofika nthawi yomwe matendawa amapezeka, khansayo imafalikira kumadera akutali a thupi ndipo ``imafalikira`` . Nthawi zambiri, khansa imafalikira motere ku ziwalo monga ``(mapapo)``, ``(mafupa)``, ndi ``(ubongo).

Kodi zizindikiro za `(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer)` ndi ziti?

Kawirikawiri, vuto lakuti ``Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer`` limayamba kuonekera.Chotupa kapena chotupa chomwe chimapangika kutsogolo kwa khosi, pafupi ndi chithokomiro.

Zotupa za ``(ATC)`` izi zimakula mwachangu kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonekere mosavuta kwa wodwalayo, abale ake, ndi anzake. Mukakhudza zotupa izi, mungamve zovuta komanso zopweteka pang'ono .

Pamene chotupachi chikukula, chimayamba kukankhira mbali zina za khosi (monga mkodzo, mmero). Zizindikiro ngati izi zingachitike:

• Kuvuta kumeza (dysphagia)
• Kuvuta kupuma (kupuma movutikira)
• Mawu omveka bwino kapena kusintha kwa mawu
• Chifuwa chosalekeza
• Kufooka kwa mawu

Anthu omwe khansa yawo yafalikira (yafalikira) ku ziwalo zina za thupi akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zina pamodzi ndi zizindikiro izi. Mwachitsanzo:

• Kupweteka kwa mafupa
• Kutupa kwa mafupa (mafupa)
• Kufooka kwa thupi
• Mavuto a mitsempha (monga mutu, khunyu)

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa khansa ya chithokomiro ya Anaplastic?

Kunena zoona, asayansi sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC). Komabe, nthawi zina, anthu omwe ali ndi mitundu ina ya khansa ya chithokomiro (monga khansa ya papillary kapena follicular thyroid) amatha kudwala ATC pakapita nthawi.

Komanso, pafupifupi 80% ya odwala omwe ali ndi ``ATC'', khansa iyi imachitika ndi ``goiter'' yomwe yakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali (chithokomiro chokulirapo) . N'zotheka kuti pali mtundu wina wa khansa ya chithokomiro yomwe sinapezekepo kale.

Kodi matendawa `(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer)` amawapeza bwanji?

Madokotala nthawi zambiri amachita kuyezetsa bwino kwa singano (FNA) kapena kuyezetsa singano kuti adziwe khansa ya chithokomiro ya anaplastic (ATC). Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga chitsanzo chaching'ono kwambiri cha minofu, yotchedwa biopsy, kuchokera pa chotupa cha pakhosi panu pogwiritsa ntchito singano yopyapyala kwambiri . Kenako katswiri wa matenda amayang'ana chitsanzo cha minofuyo pansi pa maikulosikopu kuti awone ngati ili ndi maselo a khansa, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, ndi khansa ya chithokomiro yamtundu wanji.

Nthawi zina, dokotala angalimbikitsenso "kujambula" kwa core biopsy, komwe kumachitika ndi singano yayikulu pang'ono.

ATC ikatsimikizika, gulu lanu lachipatala lidzayitanitsa mayeso ena angapo kuti liwone thanzi lanu lonse ndikuwona ngati khansa yafalikira. Izi zitha kuphatikizapo mayeso a magazi ndi zithunzi, monga:

• "CT (computed tomography) scan"
• "Kujambula zithunzi za maginito (MRI) scan"
• "Kujambula kwa F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)"

Chifukwa cha kukula kwa khansa imeneyi, anthu onse omwe ali ndi Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer amaonedwa kuti ndi odwala a Gawo Lachinayi . Komabe, pali mitundu itatu ya khansa iyi:

• Gawo la IVA : (ATC) limapezeka mu chithokomiro chokha. Pafupifupi 10% ya odwala omwe apezeka ndi matendawa ali mgululi.
• Gawo la IVB : (ATC) Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi chithokomiro, khansa yafalikira mpaka pakhosi (nthawi zambiri mpaka ku ma lymph nodes) koma sinafalikire kumalo akutali m'thupi. Pafupifupi 40% ya odwala ali m'gululi.
• Gawo la IVC : (ATC) Kuwonjezera pa chithokomiro, khansa yafalikira kumadera ena akutali m'thupi (monga mafupa, mapapo, ubongo). Pafupifupi 50% ya odwala ali ndi gawo ili.

Kodi khansa ya Anaplastic Thyroid imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Kunena zoona, `(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer - ATC)` ndi khansa yovuta kwambiri kuchiza . Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti ndi yoopsa kwambiri ndipo imatha kufalikira mofulumira, m'khosi komanso m'madera akutali a thupi (monga mapapo, mafupa, ndi ubongo).

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyamba kulandira chithandizo mwachangu komanso kupempha chithandizo kwa madokotala omwe ali ndi luso lochiza `(ATC)`.

Pochiza ATC, gulu la madokotala osiyanasiyana limagwira ntchito limodzi. Gululi nthawi zambiri limaphatikizapo akatswiri otsatirawa:

• Akatswiri a Endocrinologists
• Madokotala a khansa ya m'magazi
• Madokotala a khansa ya radiation
• Madokotala a opaleshoni

Chithandizo cha `(ATC)` nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi zinthu izi:

• Opaleshoni
• Chithandizo cha radiation
• Mankhwala a Chemotherapy
• Chisamaliro chochepetsa zizindikiro (kuchepetsa ululu)

Opaleshoni ya `(ATC)`

Ngati muli ndi `(ATC)`, gulu lanu lachipatala mwina lingakulangizeni opaleshoni kuti muchotse chotupacho. Komabe, ngati muli ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo, opaleshoniyo ikhoza kukhala yoopsa.

Njira yodziwika kwambiri yochitira opaleshoni yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ATC ndi opaleshoni yochotsa ma bulking . Izi zimaphatikizapo kuchotsa chotupa cha khansa chochuluka momwe zingathere, makamaka poyesa kuteteza kholingo lanu (gawo la bokosi lanu la mawu) pamene mukuchotsa ziwalo zilizonse zomwe zingakhale zoopsa panjira yanu yopumira.

Koma, mwatsoka, nthawi zambiri opaleshoni singatheke chifukwa chotupacho ndi chachikulu kwambiri, malo ake, komanso momwe chafalikira.

Koma ndikofunikiranso kudziwa izi: Palinso malipoti a odwala omwe apulumuka kwa zaka zingapo atalandira chithandizo champhamvu cha radiation ndi chemotherapy (ATC) ngakhale kuti opaleshoni sinali yotheka.

Chithandizo cha radiation cha `(ATC)`

Chithandizo cha radiation ndi chithandizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamphamvu (radiation) kupha maselo a khansa kapena kuwaletsa kukula.

Ngati muli ndi ATC, gulu lanu lachipatala mwina lingakulangizeni mtundu wapadera wa chithandizo cha radiation chotchedwa External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT). Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyang'ana bwino X-ray kumadera omwe akufunika chithandizo (nthawi zambiri chotupacho kapena khansa yomwe yafalikira ku mafupa kapena ziwalo zina).

Mankhwala a chemotherapy a `(ATC)`

Chemotherapy ndi mtundu wa mankhwala a khansa omwe amawononga maselo a khansa ndikuletsa kuti asachuluke.

Ngati muli ndi ATC, gulu lanu lachipatala lingakulangizeni kuti mulandire chemotherapy ngati chithandizo china pambuyo pa opaleshoni kapena chithandizo cha radiation kuti muphe maselo ena otsala a khansa. Chemotherapy, makamaka ya ATC, ikhoza kuwonjezera mphamvu ya chithandizo cha radiation. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ingapangitse khansa kukhala yokhudzidwa kwambiri ndi radiation, kapena kupangitsa kuti chithandizo cha radiation chikhale chogwira ntchito kwambiri.

Mankhwala atsopano a chemotherapy omwe asonyeza zotsatira zabwino pochiza khansa zina zoopsa tsopano akupezeka pa khansa ya chithokomiro yoopsa. Ngakhale kuti mankhwalawa sangachiritse khansa yoopsa yomwe yafalikira m'thupi lonse, amatha kuchepetsa kapena kulamulira kukula kwa khansayo pamlingo winawake.

Mankhwala ena a chemotherapy omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa ya chithokomiro ndi awa:

• Taxanes (monga paclitaxel kapena docetaxel)
• Mankhwala a Anthracycline (monga doxorubicin)
• Ma analogue a platinamu (monga cisplatin kapena carboplatin)

Chisamaliro Chochepetsa Kupweteka kwa Anthu (ATC)

Chisamaliro cha palliative ndi mtundu wa chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe chimachepetsa ululu, zizindikiro, ndi mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha matenda aakulu.

Ngati muli ndi `(ATC)`, gulu lanu lachipatala lingakulangizeni chithandizo chochepetsa ululu ichi kuti chithandize kuthana ndi zizindikiro za `(ATC)` komanso zotsatirapo zake.

Chisamaliro cha palliative cha (ATC) chingaphatikizepo:

• Tracheostomy (kulowetsa chubu pakhosi kuti chithandize kupuma)
• Kuika chubu m'mimba kuti mwana adye (chubu cha gastrostomy kapena chubu cha G)
• Kupereka mankhwala ochepetsa ululu

Madokotala amapereka chithandizo chochepetsa ululu panthawi yomwe akuchiza khansa. Chisamaliro chochepetsa ululu sichitanthauza kuti chithandizo cha khansa sichidzapambana.

Kodi Khansa ya Chithokomiro ya Anaplastic ingachiritsidwe kwathunthu?

Mwatsoka, monga mitundu ina ya khansa ya chithokomiro, khansa ya chithokomiro yosapangidwa bwino singachiritsidwe kwathunthu ndi opaleshoni. Ngakhale opaleshoni ya chithokomiro, yomwe imachotsa chithokomiro chonse, siitalikitsa moyo wa odwala omwe ali ndi ATC.

Kodi Khansa ya Chithokomiro ya Anaplastic ingapewedwe?

Mwatsoka, nthawi zambiri, palibe njira yopewera Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC).

Komabe, ngati mwapezeka ndi goiter kapena nodule ya thyroid yomwe si khansa (yoipa), ndikofunikira kuti dokotala azikupimirani thanzi lanu la thyroid nthawi zonse. Nthawi zina ATC imatha kuyamba chifukwa cha mitundu ina ya khansa ya thyroid kapena goiter.

Ngati ndili ndi `(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer)`, kodi ndiyenera kuyembekezera chiyani?

Monga munthu aliyense, milandu yonse ya Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC) ndi yosiyana. Ndipo momwe amachitira chithandizo ndi zosiyana. Popeza ATC ndi yachibadwa, n'zovuta kuneneratu zamtsogolo molondola .

Komabe, asayansi akupeza njira zatsopano zochizira khansa ya chithokomiro yoopsa tsiku lililonse, kuphatikizapo (ATC). Ngakhale kuti chithandizo chingakhale chovuta, ndikofunikira kuti musataye mtima matendawa akapezeka koyamba .

Ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito ndi gulu la madokotala omwe ali ndi luso la Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Ngati simungathe kupita kuchipatala chachikulu chomwe chili ndi madokotala omwe ali ndi luso la ATC, pemphani madokotala am'deralo kuti agwire ntchito ndi akatswiri m'malo odziwa bwino ntchito kuti apange dongosolo lanu la chithandizo.

Ndikofunikanso kumvetsetsa zoopsa ndi ubwino wa njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira. Muyenera kulankhula nokha, ndikupeza chithandizo kuchokera kwa abale ndi abwenzi.

Kodi chiŵerengero cha kupulumuka kwa `(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer)` ndi chiani?

Nthawi yapakati yopulumuka khansa ya chithokomiro ya Anaplastic (ATC) ndi miyezi isanu kapena isanu ndi umodzi mutapezeka ndi matendawa. Anthu osakwana 20% omwe ali ndi ATC amapulumuka chaka chimodzi atapezeka ndi matendawa .

Ngakhale ziwerengerozi zingakhale zovuta pang'ono, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti pali anthu omwe akhala ndi moyo kwa zaka zingapo atalandira chithandizo cha `(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer)`.

Kodi matenda a khansa ya chithokomiro ya Anaplastic ndi otani?

Chifukwa cha khansa ya chithokomiro ya anaplastic yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha matenda komanso kusowa kwa njira zochizira bwino, nthawi zambiri matendawa samadziwika bwino .

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi ATC amafa mkati mwa chaka chimodzi, kaya chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa njira yopumira chifukwa cha chotupacho kapena chifukwa cha mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa khansa m'mapapo (pulmonary metastases).

Komabe, odwala omwe ali ndi ``(ATC)`` omwe ali ndi zinthu izi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malingaliro abwinoko pang'ono:

• Kukhala ndi zaka zosakwana 60.
• Chotupacho chili mbali imodzi yokha ya chithokomiro (chotupa cha unilateral).
• Kukula kwa chotupa cha khansa ndi kochepera masentimita 5 (5 cm).
• Khansayo sinafalikire ku malo a lymph nodes kapena malo akutali.

Kodi ndingadzisamalire bwanji ngati ndili ndi khansa ya chithokomiro ya Anaplastic?

Ngati muli ndi khansa ya chithokomiro yosakhazikika, njira yabwino yodzisamalira ndiyo kumvetsetsa bwino za matenda anu. Funsani dokotala wanu zomwe mungayembekezere kutengera matenda anu enieni.

Izi si nkhani zosavuta kwa inu kapena dokotala wanu, koma ndizofunikira kwambiri. Dokotala wanu angakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika m'thupi lanu komanso zomwe zingachitike mtsogolo. Angakuthandizeninso kuganizira zomwe mungasankhe ndikukupatsani malangizo omwe angakuthandizeni.

Ngati ndili ndi Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer, kodi ndiyenera kuganizira za chisamaliro cha hospice?

Chisamaliro cha odwala omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu komanso oletsa moyo wawo, ndi chisamaliro chomwe chimathandiza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu, kukhala ndi moyo wabwino, wodekha, wodziletsa, komanso wabwino.

Anthu akamalimbana ndi matenda aakulu, nthawi ndi mphamvu zawo nthawi zambiri zimayang'ana kwambiri pa chisamaliro chamankhwala. Akamaganizira za chisamaliro cha odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kuimitsa kagayidwe kachakudya, cholinga chawo chimakhala kusiya kuganizira za matendawo n'kuyamba kuganizira momwe akufunira kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo. Anthu ambiri amasankha kufunafuna chithandizo cha odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kuimitsa kagayidwe kachakudya atakambirana ndi dokotala wawo, abale awo, ndi okondedwa awo. Ngati mukuganiza za chisamaliro cha odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kuimitsa kagayidwe kachakudya, funsani dokotala wanu kuti akuthandizeni kupeza zambiri ndi zinthu zina.

Kupezeka ndi khansa, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wanji, kungakhale kodabwitsa. Popeza pali chiyembekezo choipa cha khansa ya chithokomiro ya anaplastic, zingakhale zoopsa kwambiri. Ngakhale kuchiza khansa ya chithokomiro ya anaplastic (ATC) kungakhale kovuta, ndikofunikira kuti musataye mtima mukapezeka ndi khansa. Ngati mukuvutika ndi matenda omwe angakupheni, lankhulani ndi gulu lanu lazaumoyo. Angakuthandizeni kupeza zinthu zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuyenda bwino.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, tsopano muli ndi lingaliro lina la `(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer - ATC)` lomwe tidakambirana. Ngakhale kuti nkhaniyi ndi yofunika kwambiri, ndikofunikira kudziwa.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti ngati muli ndi zizindikiro monga chotupa chatsopano chomwe chikukula mofulumira pakhosi panu, vuto lomeza, vuto lopuma, kapena kusintha mawu anu, muyenera kuwonana ndi dokotala.

• ATC ndi mtundu wa khansa ya chithokomiro yomwe imafalikira mofulumira, koma ndi yowopsa kwambiri .
• Kawirikawiri zimakhudza akazi azaka zopitirira 60 .
• Zizindikiro zimatha kuwoneka mwachangu. Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi kutupa pakhosi, kupweteka, kuvutika kumeza, komanso kupuma movutikira .
• Chithandizo n'chovuta, koma chithandizo chimachitika pophatikiza njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira (opaleshoni, radiation, chemotherapy, chisamaliro chochepetsa ululu).
• Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuzindikira matendawa mwachangu ndikupempha chithandizo kuchokera kwa gulu lachipatala lodziwa bwino ntchito .
• Mu mkhalidwe wovuta ngati uwu , mphamvu ya maganizo ndi chithandizo cha banja ndi abwenzi n'zofunika kwambiri.

Tikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani. Ngati muli ndi mafunso ena okhudzana ndi izi, chonde funsani dokotala. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

Khansa ya chithokomiro yopangidwa ndi pulasitiki , khansa ya chithokomiro, chotupa cha khosi, zizindikiro za khansa, chithandizo cha khansa, ATC, chithokomiro