Kodi muli ndi chotupa pakhosi panu? Tiyeni tikambirane za khansa ya papillary thyroid (PTC)!

Kodi munayamba mwaonapo chotupa chaching'ono pakhosi panu? Kapena dokotala anakuuzanipo pamene munkakuyesani? Nthawi zina chotupa chaching'ono ngati ichi chingakhale chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda otchedwa Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC). Musadandaule, tidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane komanso mosavuta.

Kodi khansa ya papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) ndi chiyani? Kodi chithokomiro ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, khansa ya papillary thyroid (PTC) ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe imayamba mu gland yathu ya chithokomiro. Imayamba m'maselo a follicular a gland ya chithokomiro. Maselo amenewa amapanga puloteni yotchedwa thyroglobulin . Chofunika kwambiri kudziwa ndichakuti PTC ndiye mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa ya chithokomiro.

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone chomwe chithokomiro chili. Tangoganizirani, kutsogolo kwa khosi lanu, pansi pa khungu, chiwalo chaching'ono chooneka ngati gulugufe. Ndicho chithokomiro. Ichi ndi gawo la dongosolo lathu la endocrine . Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikupanga ndikutulutsa mahomoni omwe amalamulira ntchito zambiri zofunika m'thupi lathu.

Ponena za PTC, nthawi zambiri ndi khansa yomwe ikukula pang'onopang'ono . Komanso, nthawi zambiri imangomera mbali imodzi (lobe) ya chithokomiro.

Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya `PTC`?

Inde, pali mitundu ingapo ya `PTC`. Mwa izi, mtundu wa follicular ndiye wofala kwambiri. Nthawi zina umatchedwa `mixed papillary-follicular variant`. Mitundu ina ya follicular si yofala kwambiri. Komabe, imatha kukula ndikufalikira mwachangu pang'ono . Mitundu yotereyi ndi iyi:

• `Kolamu`
• `Selo lalitali`
• `Zovala zamkati`
• 'Diffuse sclerosis'

Nthawi zina `PTC` imatchedwanso `papillary thyroid carcinoma` .

Ndani amadwala khansa ya papillary thyroid?

Ndipotu, PTC imatha kufalikira mwa aliyense. Komabe, imapezeka kwambiri mwa akuluakulu azaka zapakati . Komanso, akazi ndi omwe ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza vutoli kuposa amuna.

PTC ndi matenda osowa kwambiri mwa ana. Komabe, ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa ya chithokomiro mwa ana.

Kodi `PTC` iyi ndi yofala bwanji?

Khansa ya chithokomiro ndi vuto lofala kwambiri. Komabe, monga tanenera kale, 80% mpaka 85% ya milandu ndi ya mtundu wa PTC. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi anthu asanu ndi atatu mwa khumi omwe ali ndi khansa ya chithokomiro ali ndi mtundu uwu.

Kodi `PTC` ndi matenda oopsa?

Khansa yamtundu uliwonse ndi yoopsa. Imafunika chithandizo chamankhwala ndipo imatha kufalikira (kufalikira kwa maselo) ku ziwalo zina za thupi. Komabe, chiyembekezo cha PTC ndi chabwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya khansa ya chithokomiro.

Nthawi zambiri, PTC imatha kuchiritsidwa bwino. Komanso nthawi zambiri imakhala yoopsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti musachite mantha ndikutsatira malangizo oyenera a dokotala.

Kodi `PTC` imafalikira kuti poyamba?

Ngati PTC yafalikira, nthawi zambiri imafalikira kaye ku ma lymph nodes m'khosi . Ma nodes awa ndi ang'onoang'ono ooneka ngati nyemba omwe ndi gawo la dongosolo la lymphatic la thupi lathu komanso chitetezo chamthupi.

Kodi `PTC` imafalikira mpaka pati?

Ngakhale kuti PTC imakula pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri imatha kufalikira ku ma lymph nodes m'khosi. Mwachidule, pafupifupi 30% ya anthu omwe ali ndi PTC adzakhala atafalikira kumadera ena (metastatic papillary thyroid cancer) panthawi yodziwira matendawa .

Kodi zizindikiro za `PTC` ndi ziti?

Kawirikawiri, chizindikiro chachikulu cha PTC ndi kuwoneka kwa chotupa chopanda ululu mu chithokomiro . Zizindikiro zina sizingakhalepo.

Komabe, nthawi zina anthu ena amamva kupweteka pakhosi, nsagwada, kapena khutu . Ngati chotupacho chikukula mokwanira kuti chikakanikizidwe pa mphuno kapena m'mero, chingayambitse vuto lopuma kapena kumeza .

Chofunika: Ngati mwawona chotupa chatsopano pakhosi panu, ngakhale sichikupweteka, muyenera kuwonana ndi dokotala. Mukachizindikira msanga, chithandizocho chimayenda bwino kwambiri.

Kodi zifukwa za `PTC` ndi ziti?

Asayansi sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa PTC, koma apeza zinthu zingapo zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga matendawa, kuphatikizapo kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi matenda enaake a majini .

Kuwonekera kwa radiation ndi `PTC`

Anthu omwe adakumana ndi ma radiation ambiri a ayoni m'mbiri yawo ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza PTC. Njira zomwe ma radiation awa angadziwikire ndi izi:

• Mankhwala amphamvu a radiation akunja amaperekedwa pakhosi pochiza khansa kapena matenda ena omwe si khansa, makamaka ali ana.
• Kukhudzidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa chifukwa cha ngozi za fakitale yamagetsi ya nyukiliya. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo pa ngozi ya nyukiliya ya Chernobyl mu 1986, chiwerengero cha odwala a PTC m'madera ozungulira chinawonjezeka kuchoka pa katatu kufika pa 75.

Matenda a majini ndi `PTC`

Pali zinthu zingapo za majini (zobadwa nazo) zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi PTC:

• Matenda a Familyal Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP / Gardner syndrome): Uwu ndi matenda osowa, obadwa nawo. Amayambitsa munthu kukhala ndi ma polyp ambiri m'matumbo ndi m'matumbo, zomwe zimatha kukhala khansa. Anthu omwe ali ndi FAP ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi zotupa m'mbali zina za thupi, kuphatikizapo chithokomiro. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini a APC.
• Matenda a Werner : Uwu ndi matenda osowa kwambiri. Umasonyeza zizindikiro za ukalamba wofulumira kwambiri (progeria). Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Werner ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa. Mtundu wofala kwambiri ndi khansa ya chithokomiro. Kusintha kosiyanasiyana kopitilira 80 mu jini ya WRN kwapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli.
• Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a Carney : Matendawa amawonjezeranso chiopsezo chotenga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zotupa, kuphatikizapo zotupa za chithokomiro. Nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini a PRKAR1A.

Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti 5% yokha ya odwala onse a PTC ndi omwe ali ndi matenda otere a majini.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji `PTC`?

Kawirikawiri, PTC imawonekera ngati chotupa mu chithokomiro. Mwina munachimva nokha, kapena dokotala angachipeze panthawi yowunika khosi nthawi zonse. Nthawi zina, chotupacho chimapezeka mwangozi panthawi yowunikira matenda ena.

Dokotala wanu akhoza kulamula mayeso otsatirawa kuti adziwe PTC:

• Mayeso ojambulira : Mayeso awa angathandize kuzindikira nodule ya chithokomiro. Mwachitsanzo, ultrasound ya chithokomiro , CT scan , ndi/kapena MRI scan zitha kuchitidwa.
• Kuchotsa singano pang'ono (kuchotsa singano ): Dokotala nthawi zambiri amatenga chitsanzo cha minofu (kuchotsa) kuchokera ku nodule yanu ya chithokomiro pogwiritsa ntchito singano yopyapyala kwambiri. Katswiri wa matenda adzayang'ana minofuyo pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu kuti awone ngati pali maselo a khansa, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, ndi khansa ya chithokomiro ya mtundu wanji.

Nthawi zina, dokotala wanu angakutumizireni kuti mukalandire uphungu wa majini kuti akaone ngati muli ndi vuto la majini lomwe limayambitsa PTC, komanso mitundu ina ya zotupa.

Kodi PTC imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo cha PTC chimadalira kukula kwa chotupacho komanso ngati khansayo yafalikira.

Opaleshoni ndiyo njira yaikulu komanso yodziwika bwino yothandizira PTC.Kutengera ndi kukula ndi malo a chotupacho, dokotala wanu angachotse gawo la chithokomiro (lobectomy) kapena chithokomiro chonse (thyroidectomy). Ngati khansa ili m'chithokomiro, dokotalayo angachotse zithokomiro zomwe zakhudzidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi opaleshoni ya chithokomiro kapena pa opaleshoni yachiwiri.

Chofunika: Ngati chithokomiro chanu chonse chachotsedwa (kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kwa chithokomiro), muyenera kumwa mapiritsi a mahomoni a chithokomiro moyo wanu wonse .

Mankhwala ena a PTC ndi awa:

• Chithandizo cha radioiodine : Maselo a chithokomiro ndi maselo a PTC amayamwa ayodini wa mchere (womwe umapezeka muzakudya zina). Pachifukwa ichi, madokotala nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito ayodini wochuluka kuti awononge minofu ya chithokomiro yotsala mutachotsa chithokomiro, komanso minofu ya chithokomiro yodwala khansa yomwe ingatsale.
• Chithandizo cha radiation : Radiation imapha maselo a khansa ndikuletsa kukula kwawo. Mu chithandizo cha radiation chakunja, makina amatsogolera mphamvu yamphamvu mwachindunji pa chotupacho. Mu chithandizo cha radiation chamkati, mbewu za radioactive zimayikidwa mkati kapena mozungulira chotupacho.
• Mankhwala Ochepetsa Matenda a Chithokomiro : Mankhwala ochepetsa matenda a chithokomiro omwe amaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha (IV) kapena pakamwa (pakamwa) amapha maselo a khansa ndikuletsa kukula kwa khansa. Komabe, anthu ochepa okha omwe ali ndi khansa ya chithokomiro amafunika mankhwala ochepetsa matenda a chithokomiro.

Kodi zotsatirapo zake ndi zovuta zake za chithandizo cha `PTC` ndi ziti?

Zotsatirapo zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha opaleshoni ya chithokomiro ndi chithandizo cha radioiodine ndi hypothyroidism yosatha. Chifukwa chake, ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa izi kapena zonsezi, muyenera kumwa mapiritsi a mahomoni a chithokomiro moyo wanu wonse.

Pali mavuto angapo omwe angachitike panthawi ya opaleshoni ya chithokomiro:

• Matenda.
• Kuchotsa mwangozi kapena kuwonongeka kwa ma glands a parathyroid , omwe amalamulira kuchuluka kwa calcium m'magazi anu.
• Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya m'khola yomwe imabwerera m'mbuyo, yomwe imayenda kumbuyo kwa chithokomiro. Izi zingayambitse mawu kukhala osamveka bwino komanso ofooka.

Zotsatirapo zomwe zingakhalepo chifukwa cha chithandizo cha ayodini chogwiritsa ntchito radioactive:

• Kusanza ndi kusanza.
• Sialadenitis - kutupa kwa malovu.
• Thyrotoxicosis ya kanthawi kochepa.
• Pulmonary fibrosis ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa zipsera m'mapapo.
• Kusabereka kwakanthawi kapena kosatha.
• Khansa ya m'magaziChiopsezo chochepa chotenga khansa ya m'magazi, khansa ya m'mawere, kapena khansa ya chikhodzodzo.

Kodi `PTC` ingapewedwe?

Anthu ambiri omwe amadwala khansa ya chithokomiro alibe zinthu zinazake zomwe zingawabweretsere chiopsezo. Chifukwa chake, milandu yambiri ya PTC singathe kupewedwa.

Kukhudzidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, makamaka ali ana, ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a PTC. Chifukwa cha izi, madokotala sagwiritsanso ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa pa matenda osaopsa kwambiri. Ana amakumananso ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kuchokera ku mayeso ojambulira zithunzi monga X-ray ndi CT scans, koma pamlingo wochepa kwambiri. Sizikudziwika bwino kuti zimawonjezera bwanji chiopsezo cha matenda a PTC.

Ngati wina m'banja mwanu adadwala khansa ya chithokomiro, mungafune kupeza upangiri wa majini. Izi zikuthandizani kudziwa ngati muli ndi vuto la majini lomwe limakuikani pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga PTC. Ngati muli ndi vuto, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni opaleshoni yoteteza kuti muchotse chithokomiro chanu chisanayambe khansa.

Kodi chiwopsezo cha PTC ndi chiyani?

Kawirikawiri, zizindikiro za PTC ndi zabwino kwambiri , makamaka ngati muli ndi zaka zosakwana 40 ndipo chotupacho ndi chaching'ono. PTC nthawi zambiri imatha kuchiritsidwa bwino. Ngakhale itafalikira ku ma lymph nodes m'khosi, nthawi zambiri siifa.

Zinthu zomwe zingachepetse kuchuluka kwa kuchira ndi izi:

• Kukhala ndi zaka zoposa 55 pa nthawi yodziwira matendawa.
• Chotupa chikukulirakulira .
• Khansa yafalikira kumadera akutali a thupi .
• Kukhala ndi mtundu wosowa komanso woopsa wa `PTC` (monga `tall cell variant`, `diffuse sclerosis variant`, `solid variant`).

Kodi mungapulumuke `PTC`?

Chiŵerengero cha kupulumuka kwa PTC n'chokwera kwambiri . Akuluakulu oposa 90% omwe ali ndi PTC amakhala ndi moyo kwa zaka zosachepera 10 mpaka 20 atatha kulandira chithandizo.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita liti kwa dokotala pankhani ya `PTC`?

Ngati mwapezeka ndi matenda a PTC, muyenera kukumana ndi gulu lanu lachipatala nthawi zonse kuti muwone momwe chithandizo chanu chikuyendera. Muyeneranso kukhala ndi maulendo obwerezabwereza kwa nthawi yayitali miyezi 6 mpaka 12 iliyonse kwa zaka zosachepera zisanu kuti muwone ngati matendawa abwereranso.

Ngati chithokomiro chanu chachotsedwa ndipo/kapena chithandizo cha ayodini cha radioactive chinaperekedwa ngati gawo la chithandizo chanu, muyenera kumwa mapiritsi a chithokomiro kwa moyo wanu wonse . Dokotala adzayang'anira kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro m'moyo wanu wonse kuti atsimikizire kuti mlingo wa mankhwala anu ndi woyenera kwa inu.

Kupezeka ndi khansa, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wanji, kungakhale kodabwitsa. Komabe, nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti nthawi zambiri zizindikiro za PTC zimakhala zabwino kwambiri. Gulu lanu lachipatala lidzagwira ntchito nanu kuti lipeze njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira.

## Zinthu zofunika kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana, izi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kukumbukira:

• Khansa ya chithokomiro cha papillary (PTC) ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa ya chithokomiro ndipo uli ndi chiyembekezo chabwino kwambiri.
• Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi chotupa chopanda kupweteka pakhosi. Ngati muwona chinthu chonga chimenecho, pitani kwa dokotala.
• Opaleshoni ndiyo njira yaikulu yothandizira. Chithandizo cha ayodini chogwiritsa ntchito radioactive chingakhalenso chofunikira.
• Ngati chithokomiro cha thyroid chachotsedwa kwathunthu, muyenera kumwa mahomoni a chithokomiro moyo wanu wonse .
• Matendawa akapezeka msanga, chithandizocho chimayenda bwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kupita kuchipatala nthawi zonse komanso kutsatira malangizo ndikofunikira kwambiri.
• Musachite mantha. Simuli nokha. Pali madokotala, abale, ndi abwenzi oti akuthandizeni.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani. Ngati muli ndi mafunso aliwonse, musazengereze kufunsa dokotala wanu. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

Khansa ya chithokomiro, khansa ya papillary thyroid, PTC, timibulu ta khosi, opaleshoni ya chithokomiro, chithandizo cha radiation, chithandizo cha mahomoni