Mungakhale mukumwa mankhwala a ziwengo, mphumu, kukodza pafupipafupi, kapena kutopa. Ngakhale kuti mankhwala a matenda aliwonse ndi osiyana, ambiri mwa mankhwalawa ali m'gulu lomwelo la mankhwala. Umenewo ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe tikambirane lero. Amatchedwa anticholinergics. Mwina simunamvepo za dzinali, koma mwina mukumwa kale limodzi mwa mitundu iyi ya mankhwala.
Mwachidule, kodi mankhwala oletsa cholinergic awa ndi ati?
Kuti timvetse izi, choyamba tiyeni tikambirane pang'ono za dongosolo la mitsempha la thupi lathu. Maselo a mitsempha m'thupi lathu amatumizirana mauthenga, monga momwe positi imatumizira makalata. Timatcha mankhwala omwe amanyamula mauthengawa kuti ma neurotransmitters. Mmodzi mwa otumiza uthenga wapadera ndi acetylcholine .
Imagwira ntchito makamaka mu gawo la Autonomic Nervous System yathu. Imatchedwa Parasympathetic Nervous System. Ngakhale kuti dzinali limamveka lovuta pang'ono, ntchito yake ndi yosavuta. Ndi lomwe limakonzekeretsa thupi lathu kuti "Lipumule ndi Kugaya." Izi zikutanthauza zinthu monga kutonthoza kugunda kwa mtima wathu, kutulutsa malovu ndi madzi ogaya chakudya, komanso kuwongolera ntchito ya chikhodzodzo.
Tsopano, zomwe mankhwala a Anticholinergic amachita ndi kusokoneza ntchito ya messenger wotchedwa Acetylcholine. Ndiko kuti, amaletsa. Kenako njira zina zomwe zimakuthandizani "kupumula ndi kugaya" zimachepa pang'ono. Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa ife pa matenda ena.
Kodi mankhwala awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda amtundu wanji?
Pali mankhwala opitilira 600 okhala ndi mphamvu zoletsa cholinergic. Iyi ndiye ntchito yayikulu ya mankhwala ena. Ikhozanso kukhala zotsatira zoyipa za ena. Tiyeni tiwone momwe mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwira ntchito kwambiri.
| Dzina la mankhwala (chitsanzo) | Mabokosi ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri |
|---|---|
| Atropine | Monga chithandizo cha kugunda kwa mtima pang'onopang'ono (bradycardia) ndi poizoni wina. |
| Benztropine, Trihexyphenidyl | Kuletsa zizindikiro monga kunjenjemera komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda a Parkinson. |
| Diphenhydramine | Imapezeka m'mapiritsi ambiri a ziwengo ndi mapiritsi ena ogonetsa. |
| Ipratropium, Tiotropium | Imapezeka mu inhalers zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda opuma monga mphumu ndi COPD. |
| Oxybutynin, Solifenacin, Tolterodine | Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kukodza pafupipafupi (Urge Incontinence) ndi kukokana kwa minofu ya chikhodzodzo. Amapezekanso ngati kirimu wa thukuta lopitirira muyeso (Hyperhidrosis). |
| Scopolamine | Imaperekedwa kwa nseru ndi kusanza komwe kumachitika paulendo (kudwala matenda oyenda). |
| Glycopyrrolate, Vecuronium | Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa malovu musanachite opaleshoni komanso kufooketsa minofu panthawi ya opaleshoni. |
Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala ena ochizira kuvutika maganizo, mankhwala amisala, ndi mankhwala ena a ziwengo (antihistamines) angakhalenso ndi mphamvu ya anticholinergic iyi ngati zotsatirapo zake.
Kodi ubwino ndi zotsatirapo za mtundu uwu wa mankhwala ndi ziti?
Ubwino
Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito zambiri. Nthawi zina amapulumutsa moyo . Mwachitsanzo, akameza mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mankhwala otchedwa Atropine amaperekedwa ngati chithandizo. Mankhwalawa amathandizanso kubwezeretsa kugunda kwa mtima pamene mtima wake watsika kwambiri.
Zofunika:Ngati wina wamwa poizoni, pitani naye wodwalayo nthawi yomweyo ku chipatala chapafupi cha Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU). Ndikofunikanso kuyimbira National Poisons Information Centre ku Colombo National Hospital kuti mudziwe zambiri.
Kumbali ina, mankhwala awa amathandizanso kukonza moyo wathu. Tangoganizirani, kodi zimakhala bwino bwanji kwa munthu amene ankapewa kupita paulendo chifukwa choopa kusanza, kuti athe kumwa piritsi laling'ono ndikupita ulendowo popanda vuto lililonse? Mofananamo, mankhwala awa amathandiza munthu amene ankaopa kupita kuchimbudzi pafupipafupi, kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino.
Zotsatirapo Zake
Monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, mankhwala oletsa cholinergic awa angayambitse zotsatirapo zoyipa. Komabe, si aliyense amene amalandira mankhwalawa, ndipo amatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mlingo, zaka za munthuyo, ndi matenda ena. Okalamba ndi omwe amatha kukumana ndi zotsatirapo zoyipazi.
Nayi njira ina yodziwira zotsatirapo zake:
- "Wotentha ngati kalulu" - Kutentha thupi kwambiri.
- "Wakhungu ngati mleme" - Maso amatambasuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maso asaone bwino.
- "Kuuma ngati fupa" - kuchepa kwa malovu ndi misozi.
- "Wofiira ngati beet" - Kufiira kwa khungu.
- "Wamisala ngati wokonda chipewa" - chisokonezo, mavuto okumbukira.
| Zotsatira zoyipa zofala | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Pakamwa pouma | Kusasangalala komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa malovu. |
| Masomphenya Osawoneka Bwino | Kuvuta kuona pafupi chifukwa cha kukula kwa diso. |
| Kulephera kukodza (Kusunga mkodzo) | Kuvuta kutulutsa mkodzo kwathunthu chifukwa cha kumasuka kwa minofu ya chikhodzodzo. |
| Kudzimbidwa | Kuchepetsa ntchito ya kugaya chakudya. |
| Kusokonezeka/Kusokonezeka maganizo | Zingachitike makamaka kwa okalamba. |
| Kugunda kwa mtima mwachangu (Tachycardia) | Kumva kugunda kwa mtima kokwera. |
Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?
Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ngati awa, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala wanu pazochitika izi:
- Ngati mankhwala omwe mukumwa sakukupatsani mpumulo womwe mukufuna.
- Ngati mukuvutika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga momwe dokotala wanenera.
- Ngati zotsatirapo za mankhwala zikusokoneza zochita zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku (monga, ngati mukuvutika kudya chifukwa cha pakamwa pouma, kapena ngati mukuvutika kuyendetsa galimoto kapena kuwerenga buku chifukwa cha kusawona bwino).
Chofunika kwambiri, musasiye kumwa mankhwala aliwonse kapena kusintha mlingo musanafunse dokotala wanu kaye. Kuchita zimenezi kungapangitse kuti vuto lanu likhale loipa kwambiri.
Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza mankhwala awa, musaope kufunsa dokotala wa banja lanu. Iye angakuuzeni chithandizo chomwe chili chabwino kwa inu, ubwino wake, ndi zotsatira zake.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mankhwala oletsa kupweteka kwa minofu ndi gulu lofala la mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ziwengo, mphumu, matenda a Parkinson, ndi mavuto a mkodzo.
- Izi zimagwira ntchito poletsa ntchito ya mankhwala otchedwa acetylcholine mu dongosolo la mitsempha la thupi.
- Zotsatirapo zina monga kuuma pakamwa, kusawona bwino, kudzimbidwa, ndi kusokonezeka maganizo zingachitike. Chiwopsezochi chimakhala chachikulu makamaka kwa okalamba.
- Musasiye kumwa mankhwala aliwonse kapena kusintha mlingo popanda upangiri wa dokotala.
- Ngati muli ndi nkhawa iliyonse yokhudza mankhwala anu kapena zotsatira zake, munthu wabwino kwambiri woti mulankhule naye ndi dokotala wanu.
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