Kodi kupanga magazi anu kukuchepa? Tiyeni tikambirane za vuto loopsali lotchedwa Aplastic Anemia!

Kodi mumamvanso kutopa komanso kutopa nthawi zonse? Kodi mumavutika kupuma ngakhale mutachita chinthu chaching'ono? Kapena mumangomva mabala ndi kutuluka magazi paliponse m'thupi lanu? Nthawi zina sitingasamale kwambiri izi ngati zinthu wamba. Komabe, nthawi zina pangakhale chinthu china chobisika kwambiri kumbuyo kwa zizindikirozi. Aplastic Anemia ndi matenda osowa kwambiri, omwe sapezeka kawirikawiri, koma amatha kukhala matenda oopsa kwambiri. Lero tikambirana za izi mwatsatanetsatane komanso mosavuta, kuti inunso mumvetsetse bwino izi.

Mwachidule, kodi aplastic anemia ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, aplastic anemia ndi pamene mafupa a m'thupi lathu sagwira ntchito bwino. Mukudziwa, gawo la mafupa athu lotchedwa bone marrow ndi lomwe limapanga maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi, ndi ma platelet omwe matupi athu amafunikira. Chifukwa chake, aplastic anemia imachitika pamene mafupa a m'thupi sangathe kupanga maselo amenewa bwino.

Zili ngati fakitale ya magazi yatsekedwa mwadzidzidzi. Nanga chimachitika n’chiyani? Thupi limataya maselo a magazi omwe limafunikira. Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda akuluakulu , zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusiya kutuluka magazi, ndipo zingayambitse mavuto ena monga matenda a mtima. Pali mankhwala oletsa zizindikiro. Komabe, njira yokhayo yochiritsira matendawa kwathunthu ndi kudzera mu kuika maselo oyambira .

Kodi vutoli ndi lofala bwanji? Kodi tiyenera kuopa chonchi?

Kwenikweni, matenda otchedwa Aplastic Anemia ndi osowa kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti si matenda omwe amakhudza aliyense. Mwachitsanzo, ku United States, anthu pakati pa 300 ndi 900 okha ndi omwe amapezeka ndi matendawa chaka chilichonse. Ku Europe, kafukufuku akuti matendawa amakhudza anthu pafupifupi awiri pa miliyoni imodzi.

Ngakhale kuti zingakhudze aliyense wa msinkhu uliwonse, zimapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 15 ndi 25 komanso mwa anthu azaka zopitirira 60. Choncho, musadandaule mopanda chifukwa chotopa nthawi zonse ndikudabwa ngati muli ndi matendawa. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa zizindikiro zake.

Kodi zizindikiro za Aplastic Anemia ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za matendawa sizimawonekera nthawi imodzi. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikirozi zimawonekera pang'onopang'ono pakatha milungu kapena miyezi. Choncho simungazindikire kusiyana koyamba. Komabe, anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro zoopsa mwadzidzidzi. Yang'anani ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi:

• Matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi (monga chimfine ndi chimfine) amapezeka kawirikawiri, ndipo amatenga nthawi yayitali kuti achire kuposa masiku onse.
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri komanso kutopa nthawi zonse.
• Mabala amaonekera thupi lonse, kapena bala laling'ono limatenga nthawi yayitali kuti magazi asiye kutuluka.
• Kumva kuvutika kupuma (kupuma movutikira)makamaka pochita ntchito zazing'ono.
• Mtundu wa khungu umaoneka wofiirira kuposa masiku onse.
• Chizungulire.
• Mutu.
• Malungo.

Kumbukirani, zina mwa zizindikirozi zingayambitsidwenso ndi matenda ena osaopsa kwenikweni. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri munthu amamva kutopa komanso kutentha thupi akakhala ndi chimfine. Choncho musachite mantha ngati muli ndi chimodzi kapena ziwiri mwa zizindikirozi ndipo mukuganiza kuti muli ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Komabe, ngati mwakhala mukudwala kwa milungu ingapo ndipo nthawi zonse mukumva kutopa kwambiri, ndibwino kupita kwa dokotala kuti akupatseni malangizo.

N’chifukwa chiyani aplastic anemia imachitika? Kodi zimayambitsa chiyani?

Ndipotu, akatswiri sakudziwabe chifukwa chake anthu ena amadwala matenda a aplastic anemia. Koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala choncho chifukwa chitetezo chathu chamthupi—dongosolo lomwe limatiteteza ku matenda—sichitimvetsa bwino ndipo chimaukira mafupa athu, ndikuwononga maselo oyambira omwe alipo. Maselo oyambira awa ndi omwe amapanga maselo atsopano amagazi.

Kupatula apo, zifukwa zina zingapo zingakhudze izi:

Matenda ena:

• Matenda a autoimmune , monga lupus, ndi matenda omwe chitetezo chathu chamthupi chimaukira thupi lathu.
• Matenda ena a mavairasi, mwachitsanzo, mavairasi monga kachilombo ka Epstein-Barr, cytomegalovirus (CMV), parvovirus B19 , ndi kachilombo ka HIV .
• Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria ndi vuto lomwe maselo ofiira amagazi amawonongeka mwachangu.
• Mimba nthawi zina ingakhale chifukwa cha izi, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa.

Mikhalidwe yomwe imachokera ku mibadwomibadwo:

Kwa anthu ena, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (aplastic anemia) kungagwirizane ndi matenda obadwa nawo a m'mafupa. Izi zimatchedwa 'matenda obadwa nawo a m'mafupa'. Zitsanzo zina ndi izi:

• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (Fanconi anemia)
• Dyskeratosis congenita
• Matenda a Shwachman-Diamond
• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kwa Diamond-Blackfan
• Matenda a Pearson

Mankhwala ena azachipatala:

Mankhwala ena achipatala amawonjezeranso chiopsezo cha vutoli.

• Mankhwala ena a matenda a autoimmune.
• Kuchiza khansa ndi mankhwala a khansa pogwiritsa ntchito radiation . Popeza izi ndi mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri, zimatha kuwononga mafupa.

Komanso, kukhala ndi mankhwala ena otchedwa carcinogens kwa nthawi yayitali, monga arsenic ndi benzene , kungapangitse ngoziyi kukhala yaikulu.

Kodi izi zingayambitse mavuto otani?

Munthu amene ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (aplastic anemia) akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto monga awa, ena mwa iwo akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu:

• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi: Izi zikutanthauza kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Izi zingayambitse zinthu monga kutopa kwambiri komanso kuvutika kupuma.
• Matenda oopsa: Pamene maselo oyera a m'magazi akuchepa, mphamvu yolimbana ndi matenda imachepa.
• Kutuluka magazi ambiri: Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ma platelet, zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti magazi atseke.
• Kusakhazikika kwa kugunda kwa mtima (arrhythmia) kapena kulephera kwa mtima.
• Matenda a Myelodysplastic ndi matenda omwe maselo a m'mafupa amakula molakwika.

Kodi Aplastic Anemia imapezeka bwanji?

Madokotala amazindikira matendawa pokuyezani, kuchita mayeso a magazi, ndipo nthawi zina kuyeza majini. Mayesowa angaphatikizepo:

• Kuchuluka kwa magazi (CBC) kosiyana: Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira, mitundu yonse isanu ya maselo oyera, ndi ma platelet m'magazi anu.
• Kuyeza magazi m'magazi: Kuyeza magazi kumatengedwa ndikuyang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu kuti awone mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a maselo a magazi ndi ma platelet.
• Kuchuluka kwa ma reticulocyte: Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi (reticulocytes) omwe angopangidwa kumene, osakhwima.
• Kuchotsa mafuta m'mafupa ndi biopsy ya mafuta m'mafupa: Pa izi, chitsanzo chaching'ono cha mafuta m'mafupa chimatengedwa, nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku fupa la m'chiuno, pansi pa mankhwala oletsa ululu. Kenako chimawunikidwa ndi maikulosikopu kuti chione momwe mafuta m'mafupa alili. Iyi ndiye mayeso akuluakulu otsimikizira matendawa.

Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani?

Njira zochiritsira zimasiyana malinga ndi matenda anu. Mwachitsanzo, anthu ena amadwala matenda a aplastic anemia chifukwa cha mankhwala a khansa kapena mankhwala a matenda odziteteza ku matenda a autoimmune. Zikatero, madokotala angayese kusintha mankhwalawo.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa maselo m'magazi mwanu kuli kotsika kuposa kwachibadwa koma mulibe zizindikiro zazikulu, dokotala wanu anganene kuti muli ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi pang'ono. Pankhaniyi, dokotala wanu mwina adzayang'anira thanzi lanu komanso kuchuluka kwa magazi nthawi zonse. Mwanjira imeneyi, mutha kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu ngati vuto lanu likuipiraipira.

Mankhwala a matenda oopsa a aplastic anemia ndi awa:

• Mankhwala Oletsa Kutupa kwa Thupi: Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito polamulira momwe chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chimagwirira ntchito ndikuletsa kuti chisawononge mafupa anu. Zitsanzo za mankhwala awa ndi monga jakisoni wa antithymocyte globulin (Atgam®) ndi cyclosporine (Sandimmune®) .
• Kuika magazi:Izi zikuphatikizapo kusintha maselo ofiira a magazi ndi ma platelet omwe atha. Izi sizichiritsa matendawa, koma zimathandiza kuchepetsa zizindikiro.
• Mankhwala Opha Utoto: Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (aplastic anemia) ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda opatsirana ndi mabakiteriya. Choncho, mankhwala opha tizilombo amaperekedwa pochiza matenda.
• Kuika maselo oyambira a allogeneic: Iyi ndiyo njira yaikulu yochizira matendawa. Mu njira imeneyi, maselo oyambira athanzi ochokera kwa wopereka wathanzi (nthawi zambiri wachibale kapena wopereka wofanana naye) amaikidwa m'mafupa a wodwalayo omwe awonongeka. Pambuyo pake, maselo atsopano athanzi amayamba kupangidwa.

Kodi zotsatirapo zake ndi ziti?

Zotsatirapo zake zimasiyananso malinga ndi chithandizo:

• Matenda a graft-versus-host: Ichi ndi vuto lomwe lingachitike panthawi yopatsirana maselo oyambira a allogeneic . Izi zikutanthauza kuti maselo opatsiranawo amachitapo kanthu motsutsana ndi thupi la wodwalayo.
• Mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi amawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda.
• Kuchuluka kwa chitsulo m'thupi chifukwa cha kuikidwa magazi pafupipafupi (hemochromatosis / iron overload).

Kodi izi zingapewedwe?

Mwatsoka, pakadali pano palibe njira yodziwika yopewera kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.

Kodi chingachiritsidwe kwathunthu?

Inde, nthawi zina, kusamutsa maselo oyamba a allogeneic bwino kungachiritse matendawa kwathunthu. Kawirikawiri, ana ndi anthu osakwana zaka 40 ndi omwe ali ndi mwayi wopambana ndi chithandizochi kuposa akuluakulu.

Kodi mwayi wopulumuka ndi wotani?

Izi zimadalira zinthu zambiri. Zaka zanu, chithandizo chomwe mumalandira, kuopsa kwa matenda anu, ndi zina zotero. Kafukufuku wina adawonetsa kuti anthu 96% adapulumuka atangoikidwa maselo oyambira. Kafukufuku yemweyo adapezanso kuti ana ndi akuluakulu osakwana zaka 40 100% anali ndi moyo zaka zisanu atalandira chithandizo.

Komabe, ziwerengerozi zimachokera ku zomwe gulu lalikulu la anthu lakumana nazo. Sizingakukhudzeni mofanana. Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza izi, ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Iye akhoza kukupatsani chidziwitso chogwirizana ndi vuto lanu.

Ngati ndili ndi Aplastic Anemia, ndimadzisamalira bwanji?

Ngati muli ndi vutoli, ndikofunikira kudzisamalira bwino. Ndikofunikira kutsatira ndondomeko ya chithandizo cha dokotala wanu molondola komanso kusamala ndi zizindikiro zanu. Mukhozanso kuchita izi:

• Pewani kuchita zinthu zomwe zingakupwetekeni kwambiri. Muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotuluka magazi. Chifukwa chake, ndi bwino kupewa masewera monga rugby, hockey, ndi mipikisano.
• Dzitetezeni ku mavairasi ndi majeremusi.Muli ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matenda. Funsani dokotala wanu za katemera woyenera kwa inu. Sambani m'manja nthawi zambiri ndipo pewani anthu odwala (monga omwe ali ndi chimfine, chimfine, kapena matenda am'mimba).
• Pumulani mokwanira. Popeza kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi vuto la izi, mungamve kutopa kwambiri komanso kupuma movutikira. Zingakhalenso zovuta kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku. Chifukwa chake, pumulani ndi kugona bwino ngati pakufunika kutero, osati pamene mungathe.
• Idyani zakudya zabwino. Zakudya zabwino zomwe zimaphatikizapo nyama yopanda mafuta ambiri, ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso, ndi tirigu wonse zingakuthandizeni kulimbitsa mphamvu zanu. Ngati mungapeze upangiri kuchokera kwa katswiri wa zakudya, mutha kuphunzira momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bwino zakudya zomwe mumadya.
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono kungathandize kuchepetsa nkhawa. Komabe, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala wanu musanayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi atsopano.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Imbani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo ngati izi zikuchitika:

• Ngati muli ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 38 Celsius (100.4 degrees Fahrenheit) kapena kupitirira apo .
• Ngati zizindikiro zanu zikuipiraipira.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala?

Ngati muli ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (aplastic anemia), mungafune kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso awa:

• Kodi n’chiyani chomwe chingayambitse vuto langa?
• Kodi vuto langa ndi lalikulu?
• Kodi mumalimbikitsa chithandizo chanji?
• Kodi zotsatirapo zake ndi ziti?
• Ndilibe zizindikiro zilizonse. Kodi ndikufunika chithandizo?
• Ndili ndi zizindikiro. Kodi njira zochiritsira ndi ziti?

Kodi Aplastic Anemia ndi khansa?

Ayi. Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi si khansa. Komabe, anthu ena omwe ali ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ali pachiwopsezo chotenga khansa ya m'magazi yotchedwa leukemia .

Matenda a magazi otupa m'magazi (Aplastic anemia) ndi matenda osowa koma oopsa kwambiri m'magazi. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chanu chikuukira mafupa anu, kuwaletsa kupanga maselo amagazi ndi ma platelet omwe thupi lanu limafunikira. Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zingachitike, kotero mungakhale ndi nkhawa komanso mantha nazo. Komabe, ngakhale madokotala sangapeze chifukwa chenicheni, vutoli likhoza kuchiritsidwa ndipo nthawi zina limachiritsidwa. Ngati muli ndi matenda a magazi otupa m'magazi (aplastic anemia), dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani njira zochiritsira zomwe zili zoyenera kwa inu komanso zotsatira zake. Chifukwa chake, khalani olimba mtima ndikutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu.

Uthenga Wochokera Kwa Ife Woti Titengere Kunyumba

Matenda a magazi m'thupi otchedwa Aplastic Anemia angakhale oopsa mukamva dzinalo. Chifukwa ndi matenda oopsa. Koma kumbukirani kuti pali chithandizo chake. Ngati mwazindikira zizindikiro msanga, funsani upangiri wa dokotala, ndikuyamba chithandizo, nthawi zambiri mutha kuwongolera vutoli, komanso kulichiza.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti ngati muli ndi kutopa kosaneneka, matenda obwerezabwereza, kapena kutuluka magazi kosazolowereka, musamangonyalanyaza ndikupita kwa dokotala kuti akakuoneni. Mukazindikira msanga, chithandizocho chidzakhala chopambana. Simuli nokha, ndipo madokotala, abale, ndi anzanu onse alipo kuti akuthandizeni paulendowu.

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