Tonsefe timapuma tsiku lililonse. Koma sitikudziwa kuti ndi zinthu zingati zomwe zili mumlengalenga zomwe timapuma zomwe sitingathe kuziona. Kodi mukudziwa kuti pali mtundu wa nkhungu wotchedwa `Aspergillus`, womwe ma spores ake amayandama paliponse mumlengalenga uwu? Nthawi zambiri, izi sizimayambitsa mavuto kwa munthu wathanzi, chifukwa chitetezo cha thupi lathu sichilola kuti chilowe. Koma kwa anthu ena, makamaka omwe ali ndi matenda a m'mapapo kapena omwe ali ndi chitetezo chofooka chamthupi, izi zitha kukhala vuto lalikulu. Ndi vuto lomwe tikukamba lero, lotchedwa `Aspergillosis`.
Mwachidule, kodi Aspergillosis ndi chiyani?
`Aspergillosis` ndi matenda m'thupi mwathu omwe amayamba chifukwa cha nkhungu yotchedwa `Aspergillus`. Uwu ndi matenda a bowa. Mtundu uwu wa nkhungu umapezeka kwambiri m'malo athu, makamaka m'malo monga dothi, masamba ouma, ndi milu ya manyowa. Nthawi zina, mtundu uwu wa nkhungu ukhoza kumera m'malo onyowa mkati mwa nyumba, ngakhale m'mafiriji a ma air conditioner (AC) omwe sanatsukidwe bwino.
Tikamapuma, tinthu ta nkhungu tomwe timalowa m'mapapu mwathu kudzera m'mphuno mwathu. Chitetezo cha mthupi cha munthu wathanzi chimazindikira ndikuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Koma matupi a anthu ena sangathe kuchita izi. Apa ndi pamene vuto lotchedwa `Aspergillosis` limachitika. Pali mitundu ingapo yayikulu ya matendawa. Ena mwa iwo amawoneka ngati ziwengo, pomwe ena amakhala m'mapapo okha. Koma mtundu woopsa kwambiri ndi `Aspergillosis` yolowerera, yomwe imafalikira m'thupi lonse.
Anthu ambiri amadabwa ngati iyi ndi "nkhungu yakuda." Ayi, ndi mtundu wina wa nkhungu (Stachybotrys chartarum). Koma zonsezi ndi mitundu ya nkhungu yomwe imapezeka m'chilengedwe ndipo ingayambitse matenda kwa anthu ena.
Ndani amene ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa? Ndani amene ali pachiopsezo?
Si aliyense amene amadwala Aspergillosis. Pali magulu enaake omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matendawa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, anthu omwe amatha kudwala kwambiri akakumana ndi nkhunguyi. Ngati muli m'gulu limodzi mwa maguluwa, ndikofunikira kwambiri kusamala kwambiri ndi izi.
| Gulu la zoopsa | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu kapena ziwengo zina | Mapapu awo ndi njira zawo zopumira zimakhala zomasuka mwachibadwa. Tizilombo ta Aspergillus tikalowa, thupi limachita zinthu mopitirira muyeso. Izi zingayambitse vuto la ziwengo lotchedwa Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) . |
| Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu a m'mapapo | Anthu omwe kale anali ndi chifuwa chachikulu (TB) ndipo ali ndi mabowo m'mapapo mwawo, kapena omwe ali ndi matenda monga COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), kapena Sarcoidosis, ali ndi malo owonongeka m'mapapo mwawo. Nkhungu ya Aspergillus imatha kukhazikika mosavuta m'mabowo awa ndikupanga bowa. Izi zimatchedwa Aspergilloma . |
| Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka kwambiri | Ili ndi gulu loopsa kwambiri komanso lomwe lili pachiwopsezo. Chifukwa chitetezo cha thupi (asilikali) ndi chofooka, nkhungu imatha kulowa m'thupi mosavuta, kulowa m'magazi kuchokera m'mapapo, ndikufalikira ku ziwalo zina monga ubongo, impso, ndi mtima. Izi zimatchedwa Invasive Aspergillosis . Zitsanzo za izi ndi izi:
|
Kodi zizindikiro za matendawa ndi ziti?
Zizindikiro za aspergillosis zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa matenda komanso gawo la thupi lomwe lakhudzidwa. Nthawi zambiri zimafanana ndi zizindikiro za matenda ofala a kupuma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzizindikira.
| Mtundu wa aspergillosis | Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino |
|---|---|
| Mtundu wa ziwengo (ABPA) |
|
| Nkhungu (Aspergilloma) | |
| Aspergillosis Yofala |
Kodi iyi ndi matenda opatsirana?
Ayi. `Aspergillosis` si matenda omwe amatha kufalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Amayamba chifukwa chopuma tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe tili m'malo ozungulira. Chifukwa chake, simungathe kutenga matendawa pongokhala pafupi ndi munthu wodwala.
Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji matendawa?
Dokotala wanu adzakayikira izi kutengera zizindikiro zanu komanso mbiri yanu yaumoyo (mwachitsanzo, kodi muli ndi mphumu kapena mukulandira chithandizo cha khansa?). Adzayesa mayeso angapo kuti atsimikizire matendawa.
- Kujambula pachifuwa pa X-ray kapena CT scan: Izi zitha kuwona zizindikiro zosazolowereka, mabowo, kapena chotupa chotchedwa ``Aspergilloma'' m'mapapo.
- Kukula kwa Makoswe: Chitsanzo cha makoswe anu chimatengedwa ndikuyesedwa mu labu kuti chione ngati nkhungu ya Aspergillus imamera mmenemo. Chimafufuzidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu kuti chione ngati pali tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili mu makoswe.
- Kuyezetsa magazi: Ngati mukukayikira kuti pali mtundu wina wa matenda opatsirana, magaziwo amayesedwa kuti apeze ma antibodies kapena ma antigen enieni a nkhungu ya Aspergillus. Izi zingathandize kuzindikira matendawa mwachangu.
- Kufufuza za matenda: Kachidutswa kakang'ono ka minofu kamatengedwa kuchokera m'mapapo kapena pamalo omwe akuganiziridwa kuti ali ndi kachilomboka ndipo kamafufuzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu kuti awone ngati pali mafinya omwe alowa m'thupi.
- Kuyezetsa Matenda a Allergy: Kuyezetsa khungu kapena magazi kungakuthandizeni kudziwa ngati thupi lanu lili ndi vuto la Aspergillus.
Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani? Kodi mankhwalawa angachiritsidwe?
Chithandizo cha aspergillosis chimadalira mtundu wa matenda omwe muli nawo, kuopsa kwake, komanso thanzi lanu lonse.
1. Mankhwala Oletsa Bowa
Uwu ndiye mankhwala akuluakulu. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito powononga bowa mkati mwa thupi. Mankhwala monga `Voriconazole`, `Isavuconazole`, `Amphotericin B` amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa izi. Ena mwa awa amaperekedwa ngati mapiritsi oti amwe, ndipo ena amaperekedwa ngati jakisoni mumtsempha ndi saline. Nthawi ya chithandizo imatha kuyambira milungu ingapo mpaka miyezi ingapo, kapena moyo wonse.
2. Mankhwala a steroid (Corticosteroids)
Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a chifuwa chachikulu (ABPA) . M'malo mopha nkhungu, mankhwalawa amaletsa kutupa kwambiri komanso kuyankha kwa ziwengo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha nkhungu m'thupi. Mapiritsi monga `Prednisolone` amaperekedwa pa izi.
3. Opaleshoni
Ngati pali chotupa chimodzi cha nkhungu (`Aspergilloma`) m'mapapo ndipo chikuyambitsa mavuto monga kutuluka magazi nthawi zonse, opaleshoni imachitika kuti mapapo onse omwe ali ndi chotupacho achotsedwe. Izi zitha kuchiritsa matendawa kwathunthu.
Chofunika kwambiri ndikumwa mankhwala omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani nthawi yake yeniyeni. Ngati musiya kumwa mankhwalawo pakati, matendawa angabwererenso.
Kodi mungadziteteze bwanji ku matendawa?
Nkhungu ya Aspergillus imapezeka paliponse m'chilengedwe, kotero n'zosatheka kuipewa 100% nthawi zonse. Koma ngati muli m'gulu lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu, pali zinthu zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse kufalikira kwa nkhungu:
- Pewani malo okhala ndi fumbi: Pewani malo omangira nyumba, malo akale ogwetsa nyumba, ndi misewu yokhala ndi fumbi momwe mungathere.
- Samalani ndi ulimi: Ntchito monga kukumba dothi, kupanga milu ya manyowa, ndi kudula udzu zimatha kutulutsa mphutsi za nkhungu mumlengalenga. Ngati mukuchita ntchito zamtunduwu, onetsetsani kuti mwavala chigoba chabwino cha N95 .
- Lamulirani chinyezi m'nyumba mwanu: Ngati pali malo onyowa mkati mwa nyumba yanu kapena malo omwe nkhungu ikukula pamakoma, akonzeni nthawi yomweyo. Onetsetsani kuti malo monga bafa ndi khitchini ali ndi mpweya wabwino.
- Sungani ma air conditioner (AC) ndi ma air filters oyera: Ma air filters amenewa amatha kumera nkhungu, choncho muziwatsuka nthawi zonse motsatira malangizo a wopanga.
Kodi ndiyenera kupita liti kwa dokotala? Kodi ndiyenera kupita liti ku ETU?
Ngati muli m'gulu la anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matendawa omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa ndipo mukuyamba kukhala ndi zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi mapapu (chifuwa, kupuma movutikira, malungo),Kaonaneni ndi dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo.
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, pitani ku Dipatimenti Yoona za Zadzidzidzi (ETU) yapafupi mwamsanga.
- Malungo aakulu kwambiri (oposa 103 Fahrenheit/40 Celsius)
- Kupuma movutikira kwambiri
- Kutuluka magazi ambiri mukamatsokomola
- Kusokonezeka maganizo, chisokonezo , kapena kusintha khalidwe
- Kugwidwa ndi khunyu
- Kusanduka kwa buluu kwa milomo kapena khungu (ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kusowa kwa mpweya m'magazi - `Cyanosis`)
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- `Aspergillus` ndi mtundu wa nkhungu yomwe imapezeka kwambiri m'chilengedwe chathu. Nthawi zambiri siivulaza anthu athanzi.
- Chiwopsezo chake ndi chachikulu kwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda a m'mapapo (mphumu, COPD) ndi iwo omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka (odwala khansa, olandira ziwalo zina).
- Zizindikiro zimatha kufanana ndi za matenda opatsirana pogonana, choncho ngati muli pa chiopsezo, dziwani zizindikirozo.
- Matendawa safalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina.
- Pali mankhwala othandiza. Kuzindikira matendawa msanga komanso kulandira chithandizo choyenera motsatira malangizo a dokotala kungathandize kuwongolera ndikuchiritsa matendawa.
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