Kodi mafuta amasungidwa m'mitsempha yanu yamagazi? (Atherosclerosis) Tiyeni tikambirane izi!

Nthawi zina, mungakhale ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limayamba m'thupi lanu osazindikira. Lero, tikambirana za vuto lomwe limakhudza thupi pang'onopang'ono, koma lingakhale loopsa kwambiri. Izi ndi zomwe timatcha "atherosclerosis". Tangoganizirani, mitsempha yanu yamagazi ili ngati mapaipi amadzi, chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mapaipi awa atsekedwa ndi dothi, kutanthauza mafuta? Izi ndi zomwe zimachitikanso pankhaniyi. Ngakhale iyi ndi nkhani yoopsa pang'ono, ngati timvetsetsa bwino, tingachite zambiri kuti tipewe.

Kodi atherosclerosis ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Mwachidule, atherosclerosis ndi kuchulukana pang'onopang'ono kwa mafuta, cholesterol, calcium, ndi zinthu zina mkati mwa makoma a mitsempha yanu, zomwe zimapangitsa "plaque" (atheroma). Mitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imanyamula magazi okhala ndi mpweya kuchokera mumtima mwathu kupita ku matupi athu ena. Pamene plaque iyi ikukulirakulira, makoma a mitsemphayo amakhuthala pang'onopang'ono ndikulimba. Izi zimatchedwanso "kuuma kwa mitsempha" kapena "atherosclerosis."

Poyamba, izi zimachitika mwakachetechete kwambiri. Simungazindikire zizindikiro zilizonse kwa kanthawi. Koma pamene plaque iyi ikukula pang'onopang'ono, malo oti magazi ayende mkati mwa mtsempha wamagazi, ndiko kuti, kutsegula (lumen) mkati mwa ngalande, amachepa. Monga momwe dothi limakhalira mu chitoliro chamadzi, njira yamadzi imachepa. Ndiye chimachitika ndi chiyani? Kuchuluka kwa magazi komwe kumafika m'ziwalo zathu ndi minofu kumachepa. Sikuti kokha, komanso pamene magazi akupitiriza kuyenda mofulumira, plaque iyi ikhoza kusweka, kapena pamwamba pake pakhoza kukanda. Ngati zimenezo zitachitika, magazi amaundana akhoza kupangika pamenepo.

Taganizirani izi motere: mtsempha wopapatiza uli ngati msewu wokhala ndi njira zinayi wochepetsedwa kukhala msewu umodzi. Koma magazi oundana ali ngati chotchinga pakati pa msewuwo. Chingathe kuletsa kwathunthu kuyenda kwa magazi.

Zotsatira zake pa thupi zimadalira komwe magazi amaundana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mtundu uwu wa kutsekeka kwa mitsempha ya mtima yomwe imapereka magazi kumtima, mtima ukhoza kusowa mpweya ndipo mtima ukhoza kudwala.

Kodi vuto limeneli lotchedwa atherosclerosis ndi lofala bwanji?

Izi ndi vuto lofala kwambiri. Mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kudzikundikira kwa plaque m'magazi, makamaka matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko, ndi omwe amachititsa imfa zambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Malinga ndi bungwe la US National Institutes of Health, pafupifupi theka la anthu azaka zapakati pa 45 ndi 84 ali ndi matenda a atherosclerosis, koma sakudziwa. Tiyeneranso kuda nkhawa ndi vutoli m'dziko lathu.

Kodi zizindikiro za izi ndi ziti?

Kawirikawiri, zizindikiro sizimawonekera mpaka mtsempha wamagazi utachepa kwambiri, kupitirira 70% kutsekeka, kapena kutsekeka kwathunthu. Anthu ambiri amangozindikira kuti ali ndi zipolopolo izi (plaque) pambuyo pa ngozi yachipatala, monga matenda a mtima kapena sitiroko.

Ngati mtsempha wa magazi watsekeka ndi kupitirira 70%, mungayambe kuona zizindikiro. Kutengera ndi komwe mtsempha wa magazi watsekeka uli, zizindikiro zimatha kuwonekera m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi.

Matenda a mtima (Coronary Artery Disease - CAD)

Vutoli likachitika m'mitsempha yomwe imapereka magazi kumtima, limatchedwa Matenda a Mitsempha ya Mtima (CAD). Izi zingayambitse matenda a mtima.

Mungamve zinthu motere:

• Kuvuta kupuma ngakhale mutagwira ntchito yopepuka (Dyspnea).
• Kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kusapeza bwino (angina). Izi zingamveke ngati kufinya kapena kufinya pachifuwa.
• Kupweteka kumbuyo, mapewa, khosi, manja, kapena mimba.
• Chizungulire, kumva mutu wopepuka.
• Kugunda kwa mtima.
• Kutopa kwambiri, kutopa.
• Kusanza ndi kusanza, mofanana ndi kusadya bwino.

Kugaya chakudya (Mesenteric Ischemia)

Vutoli (mesenteric ischemia) lingachitike ngati magazi akuyenda pang'onopang'ono m'zigawo zina za m'mimba.

• Kupweteka kapena kupweteka m'mimba, makamaka m'mimba, mukatha kudya.
• Kutupa, nseru, kusanza.
• Kutsegula m'mimba.
• Kuchepetsa thupi chifukwa cha mantha a chakudya, komwe ndi mantha a ululu mukamadya.

Miyendo ndi mapazi (Matenda a Mitsempha ya M'mitsempha ya Peripheral - PAD)

Matenda a mitsempha ya m'mitsempha ya m'mitsempha (PAD) ndi vuto lomwe magazi amatuluka m'mitsempha yomwe imapereka magazi ku ziwalo za thupi.

• Kupweteka kwa minofu ya miyendo nthawi ndi nthawi ndi ululu womwe umamveka ngati minofu ya miyendo yanu ikugwedezeka, makamaka mukamayenda. Izi zimachepa mutakhala pansi kwakanthawi ndikupumula, koma zimabwereranso mukayenda.
• Kupsa ndi kupweteka m'miyendo ndi zala za mapazi pamene mukupuma, makamaka mukagona.
• Kusintha kwa mtundu wa khungu (monga kufiira).
• Mapazi ozizira.
• Matenda ofala a pakhungu ndi minofu yofewa ya miyendo, mapazi.
• Mabala osachiritsa pamapazi ndi zala.

Stenosis ya Mitsempha ya Impso

Kulephera kwa impso kungayambitse zizindikiro monga:

• Kuthamanga kwa magazi komwe sikungathe kulamuliridwa ngakhale mutagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala angapo.
• Kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa kukodza.
• Kutupa (Edema).
• Kugona, kutopa.
• Khungu louma, loyabwa, kapena losagwira ntchito.
• Mutu.
• Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa.
• Kusanza, kusanza, kapena kusowa chilakolako cha chakudya.

Matenda okhudzana ndi ubongo (Carotid Artery Disease)

Ngati vutoli lichitika m'mitsempha ya carotid m'khosi, yomwe imapereka magazi ku ubongo, zizindikiro zoyamba zitha kukhala kuukira kwa ischemic kwa nthawi yochepa (TIA) kapena sitiroko.

• Chizungulire.
• Kupindika kwa mbali imodzi ya nkhope.
• Kutaya kumva mbali imodzi ya thupi, kufooka kwa minofu.
• Mutu waukulu.
• Kusalankhula bwino mawu, kulephera kupanga mawu.
• Kutaya masomphenya m'diso limodzi. Zingamveke ngati nsalu yakuda yagwa patsogolo pa diso.

Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani matenda a atherosclerosis amayamba? Kodi zimayambitsa chiyani?

Ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti pali zifukwa zingapo zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa izi:

• Kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol yoyipa ya LDL ndi triglycerides m'magazi.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu za fodya (kusuta, fodya wopanda utsi).
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi (BP).
• Matenda a shuga (Diabetes Mellitus).

Zinthu zimenezi zimatha kuwononga mkati mwa mitsempha yanu (endothelium). Pamenepo ndi pamene atherosclerosis imayamba kukula. Kuwonongeka kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, pakapita nthawi.

Kodi izi zimachitika bwanji, magawo ake ndi ati?

Matenda a atherosclerosis amakula kwa zaka zambiri ndipo ali ndi magawo angapo akuluakulu:

1. Kuwonongeka kwa endothelium ndi chitetezo cha mthupi: Pamene endothelium ya mtsempha wamagazi yawonongeka, mankhwala amayamba. Izi zimapangitsa maselo oyera amagazi kusonkhana pamalo omwe awonongeka. Maselo amenewa amasonkhana ndi kuyambitsa kutupa mkati mwa mtsempha wamagazi.

2. Mizere yamafuta: Ichi ndi chizindikiro choyamba chooneka cha atherosclerosis. Malo owonongekawo amaoneka ngati mzere wachikasu kapena banga, ndipo amapangidwa ndi "maselo a thovu" akufa. Maselo a thovu ndi maselo oyera amagazi omwe adya cholesterol pofuna kuichotsa. Pamene maselo a thovu awa akupitiriza kugwira ntchito, amawononga kwambiri endothelium.

3. Kukula kwa Ma Plaque: Pamene maselo akufa a thovu ndi zinyalala zina zikupitirira kusonkhana, mzere wamafuta pang'onopang'ono umakhala plaque yayikulu. Chivundikiro cha minofu yosalala chimapangidwa pamwamba pa plaque iyi. Izi zimaletsa plaque kusweka ndi kusonkhana m'magazi. Pamene plaque ikukula, lumen (malo omwe magazi amadutsa) mumtsempha wamagazi imachepa.

4. Kuphulika kapena kukokoloka kwa plaque: Pa gawoli, chivundikiro cha ulusi pamwamba pa plaque chimaphulika, kapena maselo a endothelium ozungulira plaque amawonongeka. Mulimonsemo, magazi amaundana. Kuundana kumeneko kumatseka kuyenda kwa magazi ndipo kumayambitsa matenda a mtima kapena sitiroko.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa izi?

Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zingakhudze kukula kwa atherosclerosis. Zina mwa izi mungathe kuzisintha, koma zina, monga ukalamba, simungathe.

Zinthu zoopsa ndi izi:

• Kukhala amuna opitirira zaka 45.
• Kukhala mkazi wazaka zoposa 55.
• Ngati wina m'banjamo (wachibale wapafupi wamwamuna asanakwanitse zaka 45, kapena wachibale wapafupi wamkazi asanakwanitse zaka 55) wadwala matenda a mtima .
• Matenda a shuga (Diabetes Mellitus).
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi (BP).
• Hyperlipidemia, makamaka kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa ya LDL kapena lipoprotein yapadera yotchedwa Lipoprotein (a).
• Matenda a kagayidwe kachakudya.
• Kusuta kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina za fodya.
• Kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Kudya zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri okhuta, mafuta osinthika, sodium (mchere), ndi shuga.

Kodi izi zingayambitse mavuto otani?

Matenda a atherosclerosis amasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Izi zitha kuchepetsa kapena kuletsa kwathunthu kuyenda kwa magazi m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi, makamaka mtima ndi ubongo. Mavuto omwe angachitike chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuyenda kwa magazi ndi awa:

• Matenda a mitsempha ya carotid.
• Matenda a mitsempha ya mtima.
• Matenda amtima.
• Kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa mtima (arrhythmia).
• Kulephera kwa mtima.
• Mesenteric ischemia.
• Matenda a mitsempha ya m'mitsempha ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
• Matenda a impso osatha (CKD).
• Stenosis ya mitsempha ya impso.
• Stroke.
• Kuukira kwa ischemic kwa kanthawi (TIA).
• Kufooka ndi kutukumuka kwa makoma a mitsempha yamagazi (aneurysms) ndi kuphulika kwawo.

Kuzindikira msanga ndi kuchiza vutoli kungalepheretse kapena kuchedwetsa mavuto aakulu otere.

Kodi izi zimazindikirika bwanji? Kodi madokotala amachita mayeso otani?

Kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi atherosclerosis, kapena chiopsezo chanu chotenga matendawa, dokotala adzachita izi:

• Kuyezetsa thupi lonse kudzachitika. Izi zikuphatikizapo kumvetsera mtima wanu ndi phokoso la magazi omwe akuyenda kudzera m'mitsempha yanu pogwiritsa ntchito stethoscope. Mwachitsanzo, adzayang'ana phokoso la "bruit" m'mitsempha ya carotid m'khosi mwanu. Phokosoli likhoza kusonyeza kuti pali plaque.
• Mbiri yanu yachipatala ndi mbiri ya banja lanu idzafunsidwa. Izi zingakupatseni lingaliro la chiopsezo chanu cha atherosclerosis ndi zovuta zake.
• Adzakufunsani za moyo wanu. Angafunseni za zizolowezi monga ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito fodya kapena munagwiritsapo ntchitopo.
• Mayeso a magazi amalamulidwa.Mayeso a magazi okhudzana ndi matenda a mtima awa angakuuzeni zambiri zokhudza kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi anu komanso momwe mtima wanu umagwirira ntchito.

Ndi mayeso ena ati omwe adzachitike?

Dokotala angafune mayeso ena kuti atsimikizire kupezeka kwa atherosclerosis ndikukonzekera chithandizo. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Angiography: Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito X-ray yapadera ndi utoto wosiyanitsa kuti mupeze ndikuyeza kutsekeka kwa mitsempha.
• Chizindikiro cha ankle-brachial: Ichi chimayesa kuyenda kwa magazi m'miyendo mwanu poyerekeza kuthamanga kwa magazi m'kakolo ndi m'manja mwanu.
• X-ray ya pachifuwa: Izi zimatenga zithunzi za mkati mwa pachifuwa.
• Kujambula kwa CT (Computed Tomography scan): Kujambula kumeneku kumatenga zithunzi za mkati mwa thupi ndipo kumatha kuona ngati mitsempha ikuluikulu yatsekeka kapena yachepa.
• Kujambula kwa Mtima (MRI) (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Kuyeza kumeneku kungasonyeze mavuto okhudzana ndi kuyenda kwa magazi m'mitsempha.
• Echocardiogram (Echo): Echo imatenga zithunzi za ma valve ndi zipinda za mtima ndikuyesa momwe mtima ukupopera magazi.
• ECG (Electrocardiogram kapena EKG): ECG imayesa ntchito yamagetsi, liwiro, ndi kayimbidwe ka mtima.
• Mayeso oyeserera kupsinjika: Mayeso omwe amayesa momwe mtima umagwirira ntchito pamene mukuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Carotid ultrasound: Izi zimatenga zithunzi za ultrasound za mitsempha ya carotid m'khosi. Zingathe kuzindikira ngati mitsempha iyi yachepa kapena yatsekeka pamene ikutenga magazi kupita ku ubongo.
• Ultrasound ya m'mimba: Ultrasound iyi imafufuza aorta, mtsempha waukulu wa m'mimba, kuti ione ngati uli ndi kutupa (abdominal aortic aneurysm) kapena plaque.

Kodi izi zimachiritsidwa bwanji?

Matenda a atherosclerosis amachiritsidwa ndi kusintha kwa moyo, mankhwala, ndipo nthawi zina opaleshoni kapena njira zina zachipatala . Kutengera ndi komwe muli ndi matenda a atherosclerosis, mutha kuwonana ndi dokotala wa mtima, katswiri wa matenda a nephropathy, katswiri wa mitsempha, kapena dokotala wa mitsempha.

Madokotala anu adzapanga dongosolo la chithandizo kutengera zosowa zanu. Zolinga za chithandizo nthawi zambiri zimakhala izi:

• Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha magazi kuundana.
• Kupewa mavuto monga matenda a mtima kapena sitiroko.
• Kuchepetsa zizindikiro.
• Kukuthandizani kusankha zakudya zabwino zomwe zingathandize mtima wanu ndi mitsempha yamagazi.
• Kuletsa kapena kuletsa mapangidwe a plaque mkati mwa mitsempha.
• Kuwongolera kuyenda kwa magazi, kaya mwa kukulitsa mitsempha yamagazi kapena kupewa kutsekeka kwa magazi.

Kusintha kwa moyo

Kusintha moyo wanu kungachepetse chiopsezo cha mavuto. Dokotala wanu adzapanga dongosolo lomwe likugwirizana ndi inu. Kawirikawiri, mutha kuchita izi:

• Pewani zinthu zonse za fodya (kuphatikizapo kusuta fodya ndi kugwiritsa ntchito vape). Ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe mungachite.
• Tsatirani zakudya zopatsa thanzi la mtima, monga zakudya za ku Mediterranean , zomwe zikutanthauza kudya ndiwo zamasamba zambiri, zipatso, nyemba, tirigu wonse, nsomba, ndi mafuta a azitona.
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse. Yambani ndi kuyenda pang'ono kenako pitirizani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa mphindi zosachepera 30 patsiku, masiku angapo pa sabata.

Mankhwala

Mankhwala angathandize kuwongolera zinthu zomwe zingachititse kuti magazi aziundana komanso kuchepetsa kukula kwa matenda a atherosclerosis. Dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala ochepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchepetsa cholesterol, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komanso kupewa magazi kuundana.

Njira kapena Maopaleshoni

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zachipatala ndi opaleshoni zomwe zingathandize anthu omwe ali ndi mitsempha yotsekeka kwambiri kapena omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha mavuto. Njira zodziwika bwino zochiritsira ndi izi:

• Angioplasty: Izi zimaphatikizapo kulowetsa chipangizo chonga baluni mu mtsempha wopapatiza ndikuchifukiza kuti chikulitse mtsempha.
• Kuchotsa magazi m'mitsempha: Izi zimaphatikizapo kudula ndi kuchotsa plaque mkati mwa mtsempha.
• Kuchotsa chotupa cha m'mimba mwa khosi: Njira yochotsera chotupa cha m'mimba mwa khosi kuchokera ku mitsempha ya m'mimba mwa khosi.
• Kulumikiza mitsempha ya mtima (CABG): Njira imeneyi imapanga njira zatsopano zoti magazi aziyenda mozungulira mitsempha ya mtima yotsekedwa.
• Opaleshoni yodutsa mtsempha wamagazi: Imapanga njira zatsopano zoti magazi adutse m'mitsempha yotsekeka m'miyendo.
• Kuika stent: Pambuyo pa angioplasty, stent yaying'ono yonga mesh imayikidwa kuti mitsempha yamagazi isapapatizenso.
• Kudutsa matenda a mitsempha ya magazi: Iyi ndi opaleshoni yopewera kutsekeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi.

Kodi atherosclerosis ingapewedwe?

Mwina sizingatheke kupewa matendawa kotheratu. Koma mutha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu ndikuchepetsa zotsatira za matendawa. Nazi zina zomwe mungachite:

• Idyani zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta ochepa, mafuta ochulukirapo, cholesterol yochepa, sodium (mchere), ndi shuga.
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse . Yambani ndi kuyenda pang'ono ndikuchita mpaka mphindi 30 patsiku, masiku angapo pa sabata.
• Khalani ndi kulemera koyenera. Funsani dokotala wanu kuti ndi chiyani.
• Kusamalira matenda ena, makamaka matenda a shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi cholesterol yambiri.
• Musagwiritse ntchito zinthu zopangidwa ndi fodya.
• Pita kukayezetsa kuchipatala kamodzi pachaka.

Kodi muyenera kuyembekezera chiyani mukakhala ndi vutoli? Kodi mumadzisamalira bwanji?

Ngati atapezeka ndi kuchiritsidwa msanga, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a atherosclerosis akhoza kukhala ndi moyo womwe amakonda. Koma matendawa angayambitse mavuto azachipatala, ndipo akhoza kupha. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa zoopsa zanu ndikugwira ntchito ndi dokotala wanu kuti muchepetse.

Gwirani ntchito limodzi ndi dokotala wanu. Adzayang'ana matenda anu nthawi zonse ndikukuuzani nthawi yomwe muyenera kuwaona. Sungani nthawi zonse zomwe mwakumana nazo ndipo khalani okonzeka kusamalira thanzi lanu. Uzani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo ngati muwona zizindikiro zatsopano kapena zosintha. Chithandizo choyambirira chingachepetse chiopsezo cha zovuta zomwe zingawononge moyo wanu.

Komanso, ganizirani za thanzi lanu la maganizo. N'zachibadwa kuda nkhawa ndi zomwe zidzachitike mtsogolo. Zingakhale zovuta kusintha moyo wanu. Koma musalole kuti malingaliro amenewo akulepheretseni kusangalala ndi moyo.

• Uzani malingaliro anu ndi mlangizi kapena gulu lothandizira.
• Lumikizanani ndi ena omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima. Mutha kugawana zomwe mwakumana nazo ndikuphunzirana.
• Lankhulani ndi achibale anu ndi anzanu za kusintha kwa moyo wanu. Afotokozereni chifukwa chake kusintha kumeneku n'kofunika kwa inu, ndipo pemphani kuti akuthandizeni kuti kuchitike.

Kodi muyenera kupita ku Chipinda Chothandizira Anthu Odwala Mwadzidzidzi (ETU) liti?

Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa ali ndi zizindikiro za matenda a mtima, sitiroko, kapena TIA , imbani 911 kapena nambala yanu yadzidzidzi yapafupi nthawi yomweyo. Izi ndi zadzidzidzi zachipatala zomwe zimafuna chithandizo chachangu.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe muyenera kufunsa dokotala wanu?

Mafunso ena omwe mungafunse dokotala wanu:

• Kodi chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kwa ine ndi chiti?
• Kodi kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi cholesterol m'magazi anga ziyenera kukhala zotani?
• Kodi ndiyenera kuyamba liti kuyeza cholesterol ya mwana wanga?
• Kodi mungandipangire pulogalamu yondithandiza kusiya kusuta?

Uthenga Womaliza Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Matenda a atherosclerosis ndi matenda ofala omwe anthu ambiri amakumana nawo. Koma dokotala wanu ali pano kuti akuthandizeni kuthana ndi vutoli ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri. Pakapita nthawi yoyezetsa matenda anu pachaka, adzayesa chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi matenda a atherosclerosis ndikukufotokozerani zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse vutoli. Musaope kupempha thandizo potsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu. Angakupatseni malangizo omwe mungafunike. Kumbukirani, moyo wathanzi komanso kutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu kudzakuthandizani kwambiri kukutetezani ku vuto lalikululi.

`` Atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, cholesterol, matenda a mtima, sitiroko, kutsekeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi, moyo wathanzi