Kodi mayeso anu a magazi akuwonetsa "Maselo Ophulika"? Tiyeni tikambirane za izi!

Nthawi zina mungaone chinthu chotchedwa "Blast Cells" mu lipoti lanu la magazi. Ndizachibadwa kumva mantha pang'ono mukamachiwona. Ngakhale kumva mawu oti "blast" kungakhale koopsa pang'ono. Koma musanayambe kuchita mantha, tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule za maselo ophulika awa, chifukwa chake ndi ofunikira m'thupi lathu, ndipo chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati awonjezeka?

Kodi maselo ophulika ndi chiyani? Kodi ndizo zokha zomwe muyenera kudziwa?

Inde, ndikofunikira kudziwa izi. Mwachidule, maselo ophulika ndi mtundu wa maselo ang'onoang'ono osakhwima, kapena osakula mokwanira, m'thupi lathu. Awa ndi maselo omwe amayambitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo m'thupi lathu. Koma ngati mutapeza lipoti la labu lomwe limati "kuphulika," nthawi zambiri limatanthauza maselo amagazi osakhwima. Chifukwa akatswiri a magazi ndi akatswiri a khansa amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa maselo ophulika m'magazi anu kuti adziwe matenda ena okhudzana ndi magazi, monga khansa ya m'magazi.

Ngati muli ndi maselo ophulika ooneka modabwitsa kapena muli ndi maselo ambiri m'magazi mwanu, izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha khansa ya m'magazi. Ndicho chifukwa chake muyenera kuda nkhawa ndi izi.

Ndiye, kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa maselo oyambira magazi ndi maselo ophulika?

Izi zingawoneke ngati zovuta pang'ono, koma kwenikweni ndizosavuta. Taganizirani izi, zonsezi ndi magawo ofunikira pakukula kwa maselo athu.

Maselo oyambira magazi ali ngati maselo a mayi omwe amapanga mitundu ina yonse ya maselo.

Maselo ophulika amakula kuchokera ku maselo oyambira awa. Amatchedwanso maselo a "progenitor" kapena "precursor". Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ndi gawo "lisanayambe" selo lokhwima mokwanira lisanakule. Mosiyana ndi selo loyambira, selo lophulika limakhala kale lodziwika kuti ndi mtundu winawake wa selo. Zili ngati kupita ku yunivesite ndikuphunzira maphunziro wamba kaye, kenako kuyang'ana kwambiri gawo linalake.

Kodi ubwino wa maselo ophulika m'thupi lathu ndi wotani?

Selo yophulika ndi gawo loyambirira la kupangidwa kwa maselo a magazi. Thupi lanu nthawi zonse limapanga maselo atsopano a magazi (pamodzi ndi maselo ophulika) kuti alowe m'malo mwa maselo akale. Njira imeneyi yopangira magazi imatchedwa hematopoiesis . Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri m'mafupa anu.

Mkati mwa fupa lanu, muli selo lodziwika bwino lotchedwa "hematopoietic stem cell" (HSC). Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya maselo ophulika:

• Myeloblast: Mtundu uwu wa selo lophulika umachokera kuMaselo ofiira a m'magazi, maselo oyera a m'magazi (monga ma granulocytes, ma monocytes, ma neutrophils, ma basophils, ndi ma eosinophils), ndi ma platelet amapangidwa.
• Lymphoblast: Mtundu uwu wa selo lophulika umapangitsa kuti pakhale ma lymphocyte, mtundu wa selo loyera la magazi.

Maselo amagazi okhwima komanso okhwima amachoka m'mafupa ndikuyenda m'magazi mwanu. Komabe, maselo ophulika omwe akukulabe ndi a m'mafupa mwanu, osati m'magazi mwanu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake lipoti la labu lomwe likuwonetsa maselo ophulika m'magazi mwanu lingakhale vuto.

N’chifukwa chiyani maselo ophulikawa akuwonjezeka? Kodi pali vuto?

Ngati lipoti la labu likusonyeza kuti muli ndi maselo ambiri ophulika m'mafupa anu kapena m'magazi, izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha khansa ya m'magazi, monga khansa ya m'magazi. Makamaka ngati maselowo akuwoneka osazolowereka akayang'aniridwa ndi maikulosikopu. Kawirikawiri, 5% yokha ya maselo onse a m'magazi anu omwe ali m'mafupa anu ayenera kukhala maselo ophulika. Sikoyenera kukhala ndi maselo ophulika m'magazi anu konse.

Pali zifukwa zingapo zazikulu zomwe maselo ophulika amawonjezeka:

• Matenda a khansa ya m'magazi (AML)
• Matenda a Myelodysplastic (MDS)
• Matenda a khansa ya m'magazi osatha (CML)
• Khansa ya m'magazi ya lymphoblastic (ALL)
• Matenda ena osakhala khansa ndi mankhwala

Tiyeni tiwone chilichonse mwa izi mwatsatanetsatane.

Tiyeni tiphunzire za Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Nthawi zambiri, madokotala akamanena za maselo ophulika, amanena za khansa ya m'magazi yoopsa kwambiri (AML) . AML ndi khansa yoopsa kwambiri yomwe imafalikira mofulumira kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuzindikira matendawa ndikuyamba chithandizo mwachangu momwe zingathere. Kuyesa maselo ophulika awa ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yodziwira matendawa msanga.

Mu AML, maselo otupa osazolowereka amasonkhana mu fupa lanu ndipo amatuluka m'magazi anu. Ambiri mwa maselo amenewa ndi mtundu wa maselo otchedwa myeloblasts. Awa amakhala okonzeka kukhala maselo oyera a magazi (granulocytes) asanakhale maselo a khansa.

Popeza maselo ophulika awa ndi osakhwima komanso osazolowereka, sagwira ntchito iliyonse yothandiza thupi. M'malo mwake, amatenga malo ambiri mu fupa la mafupa kotero kuti amaletsa thupi lanu kupanga maselo atsopano athanzi omwe limafunikira. Popanda maselo amagazi okhwima komanso ogwira ntchito bwino, thupi lanu silingagwire ntchito bwino.

Ngati muli ndi maselo ophulika 20% kapena kuposerapo mu fupa lanu kapena m'magazi, ndi chizindikiro cha AML.

Kodi Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) ndi chiyani?

Matenda a Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) ndi mtundu wina wa khansa ya m'magazi. Chomwe chimachitika apa ndi chakuti maselo ophulika sakula kukhala maselo abwinobwino a m'magazi. Nthawi zambiri, maselo ophulika amenewa amafa asanayambe kukula bwino. Ngakhale kuti pali maselo ophulika ambiri, pamene pali maselo okhwima ochepa omwe angathe kugwira ntchito yawo, mavuto monga kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi amatha kuchitika. Komanso, mutha kutenga matenda pafupipafupi (chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa maselo oyera m'magazi) ndikutuluka magazi kapena kuvulala mosavuta (chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ma platelet).

Ngati muli ndi pakati pa 5% ndi 20% ya maselo ophulika m'mafupa anu, ndi chizindikiro cha vuto lotchedwa `MDS`. Pafupifupi 30% ya anthu omwe ali ndi `MDS` pamapeto pake adzadwala `AML`.

Tiyeni tionenso za matenda a Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML).

Matenda a myeloid leukemia (CML) ndi khansa ya m'magazi yomwe imatenga nthawi yayitali (yosatha). Imayambitsanso kuchuluka kwa maselo ophulika m'mafupa kapena m'magazi. Madokotala amagawa kuopsa kwa matendawa kutengera kuchuluka kwa maselo ophulika m'magazi anu:

• CML Yosatha: Maselo ochepera 10% m'magazi anu kapena m'mafupa ndi maselo ophulika.
• CML Yofulumira: Pakati pa 10% ndi 19% ya maselo m'magazi mwanu ndi maselo ophulika.
• Kuphulika kwa CML (vuto la kuphulika): Maselo opitilira 20% m'magazi mwanu ndi maselo ophulika. Izi zikufanana ndi AML.

Kodi Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) ndi chiyani?

Khansa ya m'magazi yotchedwa acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) ndi khansa yofala kwambiri mwa ana. Mu ALL, mafupa a m'mafupa amapanga maselo osazolowereka (khansa) otchedwa lymphoblasts. Maselo osazolowereka awa amagawikana mofulumira ndipo amapanga makope ambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mafupa a m'mafupa azivuta kupanga maselo abwinobwino omwe thupi lanu limafunikira.

Mu ONSE, osachepera 20% ya maselo a m'magazi omwe ali mum'mafupa anu ndi maselo ophulika. Anthu ambiri omwe amapezeka ndi matendawa (pafupifupi 90%) alinso ndi maselo ophulika m'magazi awo.

Kodi maselo ophulika angachuluke chifukwa cha zifukwa zina kupatula khansa?

Inde, izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Musaganize kuti khansa imachokera ku lipoti la labu lomwe likuwonetsa maselo ambiri ophulika. Matenda ena omwe si a khansa komanso zomwe zimayambitsa zingayambitsenso kuchuluka kwa maselo ophulika kwakanthawi. Zitsanzo ndi izi:

• Matenda oopsa: Ngati thupi lanu ladwala matenda aakulu, monga matenda oopsa (sepsis), maselo ophulika amatha kulowa m'magazi.
• Chithandizo cha Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF): Ma cell ophulika amatha kuwonekabe m'magazi mutalandira mtundu wa jakisoni wotchedwa G-CSF. Ma jakisoni awa amalimbikitsa mafuta anu am'magazi kupanga maselo oyera ambiri kuti akutetezeni ku matenda. Izi zingafunike ngati mukulandira chemotherapy kapena ngati muli ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwa maselo oyera m'magazi (neutropenia).
• Kusamutsa maselo oyambira: Ngati mwasamutsa maselo oyambira ngati chithandizo cha matenda, mungakhalenso ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo ophulika. Kusamutsa maselo oyambira kungakhale kofunikira pa matenda monga matenda a magazi, khansa, kapena matenda a autoimmune omwe thupi lanu silingathe kupanga maselo abwinobwino a magazi.

Koma chofunika ndichakuti, mosiyana ndi maselo ophulika omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi khansa, maselo ophulika omwe amawonedwa m'matendawa nthawi zambiri amawoneka athanzi powayang'ana pa maikulosikopu. Amathanso kukula kukhala maselo abwinobwino amagazi. Pakapita nthawi, chiwerengerochi chimachepa.

Kodi mumayesa bwanji molondola kuchuluka kwa maselo ophulika? Kodi mayeso amenewo ndi ati?

Pali mayeso angapo omwe amasonyeza kuchuluka kwa maselo ophulika:

• Kuyeza magazi m'magazi (PBS): Kuyeza kumeneku kumasonyeza kukhalapo kwa maselo ophulika m'magazi anu. Mu PBS, katswiri wa matenda amayang'ana chitsanzo cha magazi anu pansi pa maikulosikopu kuti awone ngati pali maselo ophulika ambiri kapena ngati akuoneka osazolowereka.
• Mayeso a mafupa: Mayeso a labu omwe amachitidwa pambuyo pa biopsy ya mafupa kapena aspiration amatha kuzindikira maselo ophulika m'mafupa. Izi zitha kuphatikizapo mayeso monga flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, kapena fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) kuti aone kusintha kwa majini m'maselo .
• Mungafunikenso kukhala ndi chiwerengero chonse cha magazi (CBC) chosiyana kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa maselo anu ofiira ndi oyera m'magazi ndi ma platelet, chifukwa chiwerengero cha maselo athanzi m'magazi chikhoza kuchepa pamene chiwerengero cha maselo ophulika chikukwera.

Madokotala amaganizira zotsatira zosiyanasiyana za mayeso ndi zinthu zina asanapeze matenda monga khansa ya m'magazi. Sapanga zisankho zazikulu potengera mayeso amodzi okha.

Pomaliza, zinthu zingapo zoti muzikumbukira

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti musamachite mantha mukaona mawu oti "blasts" mu lipoti lanu la labu.Ndi zoona kuti kukhala ndi maselo ophulika m'magazi anu kungakhale chizindikiro cha matenda oopsa. Koma zimatengera thanzi lanu. Nthawi zina, kuchuluka kwa maselo ophulika kumakhala kwakanthawi. Chiwerengerocho chimatsika pakapita nthawi. Nthawi zina, chikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha chinthu china choopsa kwambiri, monga khansa ya m'magazi yoopsa. Dokotala wanu yekha ndi amene angafotokoze bwino tanthauzo la zotsatira zanu pa thanzi lanu. Chifukwa chake, ngati muli ndi mafunso aliwonse, musazengereze kufunsa dokotala wanu.

Maselo ophulika , khansa ya m'magazi, khansa ya m'magazi, mafuta a m'mafupa, mayeso a magazi, maselo, thanzi