Kodi magazi anu ndi amtundu wanji? Tiyeni tipeze yankho lake mosavuta!

Ngati wina atakufunsani za mtundu wa magazi anu, kodi mungathe kuyankha? Mwina mukudziwa, mwina simukudziwa. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti mtundu wa magazi ndi chilembo ngati A, B, O. Koma kwenikweni ndi chovuta kwambiri kuposa pamenepo, ndipo ndi chofunikira kwambiri pa thanzi lathu. Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tikambirane za mitundu iyi ya magazi, mosavuta monga kulankhula ndi mnzanu.

Kodi mitundu ya magazi imeneyi imatanthauza chiyani kwenikweni?

Tonsefe tili ndi zigawo zofanana m'magazi athu. Koma si magazi a aliyense omwe ali ofanana. Pali mitundu 8 ikuluikulu ya magazi. Mtundu wa magazi womwe mumapeza umatsimikiziridwa ndi majini omwe mumalandira kuchokera kwa amayi ndi abambo anu.

Mwachidule, magazi anu ndi osiyana ndi a munthu wina chifukwa cha mapuloteni apadera omwe ali pamwamba pa maselo ofiira a magazi anu. Mu zamankhwala, timatcha ma antigen awa. Palinso mtundu wina wapadera wa mapuloteni mu plasma, gawo lamadzimadzi la magazi athu, lotchedwa ma antibodies . Mtundu wa magazi anu umatsimikiziridwa ndi momwe ma antigen ndi ma antibodies amenewo amagwirizanirana.

Magazi si madzi ofiira okha. Ali ndi zigawo zingapo:

• Maselo ofiira a magazi: amanyamula mpweya m'thupi lonse.
• Maselo oyera m'magazi: Amalimbana ndi majeremusi omwe amayambitsa matenda.
• Ma platelets: Amathandiza kuletsa kutuluka magazi mwa kupanga magazi oundana pamene pali kuvulala.

Mitundu ikuluikulu ya magazi ndi kuyanjana kwawo

Tiyeni tsopano tiwone mitundu 8 yayikulu ya magazi iyi ndi momwe imagwirizanirana. Kugwirizana kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri popereka magazi ndi kulandira magazi.

Mukukumbukira zomwe ndinanena zokhudza ma antigen A ndi B omwe ali pamwamba pa maselo ofiira a magazi? Ndicho chimene timachitcha kuti dongosolo la ABO . Kuphatikiza apo, palinso antigen ina yofunika kwambiri, yotchedwa Rh factor .

• Ngati maselo ofiira a m'magazi anu ali ndi Rh factor, mtundu wa magazi anu ndi 'positive' (+) . (Chitsanzo: A+, B+)
• Ngati maselo ofiira a magazi anu alibe Rh factor, mtundu wa magazi anu ndi 'negative' (-) . (Chitsanzo: A-, O-)

Mitundu 8 ikuluikulu ya magazi imapangidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa ABO ndi Rh.

"Wopereka Zonse" ndi "Wopindula Zonse"

Mukayang'ana patebulo, muwona kuti munthu amene ali ndi magazi a mtundu wa O (O-) akhoza kupereka magazi kwa munthu amene ali ndi magazi a mtundu uliwonse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake magazi a mtundu wa O amatchedwa "Universal Donor." Ngati palibe nthawi yodziwira mwachangu mtundu wa magazi a wodwalayo, monga pakagwa ngozi, magazi a O- nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa.

Komanso, munthu amene ali ndi mtundu wa magazi wa AB (AB+) akhoza kulandira magazi kuchokera ku mtundu uliwonse wa magazi. Chifukwa chake, mtundu wa magazi wa AB+ umatchedwa "Wolandira Onse."

N’chifukwa chiyani kudziwa mtundu wa magazi anu n’kofunika kwambiri?

Kale, isanafike chaka cha 1901, madokotala ankaganiza kuti aliyense ali ndi mtundu wofanana wa magazi. Choncho magazi a munthu wina akaperekedwa kwa wina, anthu ena ankadwala kwambiri ndipo ankafa. Mu 1901, wasayansi wina dzina lake Karl Landsteiner anatulukira njira imeneyi yopangira magazi.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mitundu iwiri ya magazi yosagwirizana isakanikirana? Tangoganizani kuti munthu yemwe ali ndi magazi amtundu wa A apatsidwa magazi amtundu wa B. Munthu yemwe ali ndi magazi amtundu wa A ali ndi ma antibodies motsutsana ndi magazi a B. Ma antibodies amenewa amazindikira maselo a magazi a B omwe angoyambitsidwa kumene ngati "mdani" ndipo amayamba kuwaukira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti maselo a magazi azigwirizana ndi kuundana. Izi zimatchedwa agglutination . Izi zingayambitse kulephera kwa impso, kugwedezeka, komanso imfa.

Mitundu ya magazi yosowa komanso thanzi

Kuwonjezera pa mitundu ikuluikulu ya A, B, ndi O, palinso mitundu ina yambiri ya magazi yomwe siidziwika bwino. Chitsanzo ndi mtundu wa magazi wa Duffy null . Izi ndizofala kwambiri pakati pa anthu ochokera ku Africa ndi Middle East. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu uwu wa magazi ali ndi chitetezo ku malungo.

Kafukufuku wapeza kuti pali kugwirizana pakati pa mtundu wa magazi anu ndi matenda enaake. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wa magazi A, B, kapena AB akuti ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a mtima kuposa anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wa magazi O.

Koma kumbukirani izi: Gulu lanu la magazi silikutanthauza kuti mudzadwala. Izi ndi ziwerengero chabe. Moyo wanu, zakudya zanu, ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi zimakhudza kwambiri. Palibe "gulu la magazi labwino kwambiri." Mitundu yonse ya magazi ndi yabwino mofanana.

Kodi 'Zakudya za Mtundu wa Magazi' ndi zoona?

Mwina mwamvapo za "zakudya za mtundu wa magazi." Ndi zakudya zomwe zimatsatira dongosolo la zakudya la mtundu uliwonse wa magazi. Koma palibe umboni wa sayansi wosonyeza kuti zili ndi ubwino uliwonse pa thanzi. Chifukwa chake, chinthu chabwino kwa inu ndikudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za izi.

N’chifukwa chiyani mtundu wa magazi ndi wofunika panthawi ya mimba?

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa mtundu wa magazi anu mukakhala ndi pakati, makamaka Rh factor .

Tangoganizani kuti mayi ali ndi Rh negative (-) , koma magazi a mwana ali ndi Rh positive (+) yochokera kwa bambo ake. Pankhaniyi, thupi la mayi lingazindikire maselo a magazi a mwana omwe ali ndi Rh positive ngati "achilendo" ndikuyamba kupanga ma antibodies motsutsana nawo. Vutoli limatchedwa Rh incompatibility .

Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri izi sizimakhudza mimba yoyamba, panthawi ya mimba yachiwiri, ma antibodies omwe amapangidwa m'thupi la mayi amatha kuwononga maselo a magazi a mwana.

Njira yabwino yodziwira mtundu wa magazi anu ndi kuyezetsa magazi. Ngati ndinu wopereka magazi, mtundu wa magazi anu umalembedwa pa khadi lomwe mumalandira mutapereka magazi.