Kodi nthawi zina mumavutika kupuma mwadzidzidzi? Kodi chifuwa chanu chimamveka cholimba komanso chopumira? Izi ndi zofala kwambiri komanso zosasangalatsa, makamaka kwa munthu amene ali ndi matenda opuma kwa nthawi yayitali monga mphumu kapena COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). Chifukwa chake, m'nkhaniyi, tikambirana mwachidule za inhaler yomwe imatithandiza nthawi zina ngati izi ndikupangitsa kupuma kukhala kosavuta. Dzina lachipatala la izi ndi 'Bronchodilators'.
Mwachidule, kodi Bronchodilator iyi ndi chiyani?
Dzinali lingamveke ngati lovuta pang'ono, koma magwiridwe ake ndi osavuta. Tiyeni tilimvetse motere.
Tangoganizani kuti muli ndi machubu ang'onoang'ono omwe amanyamula mpweya kupita ku mapapo anu. Izi zimatchedwa bronchi. Nthawi zambiri, mpweya umayenda mosavuta kudzera m'machubu awa. Koma m'mikhalidwe monga mphumu, minofu yofewa yozungulira machubu awa imalimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabowo a machubuwo achepe. Zili ngati munthu akukankhira chitoliro cha madzi. Ndiye chimachitika ndi chiyani? Palibe malo okwanira kuti mpweya udutse. Zotsatira zake zimakhala kuvutika kupuma, kupuma movutikira, komanso kulimba pachifuwa.
Ma bronchodilator amamasula minofu yolimba ndikukulitsa njira zopumira zopapatiza. Izi zimathandiza kuti mpweya udutse bwino komanso zimapangitsa kupuma kukhala kosavuta. Ndicho chomwe dzinalo limatanthauza. 'Broncho' amatanthauza njira yopumira, ndipo 'dilator' amatanthauza chinthu chomwe chimakula.
Pali phindu lina la mankhwala awa. Pamene njira zopumira mpweya zikukulirakulira, zimakhala zosavuta kuti zinthu monga mamina omwe ali mkati mwake atuluke. Kenako zimakhala zosavuta kutsokomola mamina.
Mankhwalawa amapezeka makamaka kwa ife ngati mankhwala opumira komanso opumira. Nebulizer ndi makina omwe amasintha mankhwalawa kukhala nthunzi yofewa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupuma kukhale kosavuta.
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ma bronchodilator:
Mankhwalawa akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu kutengera liwiro lawo komanso nthawi yomwe amagwira ntchito. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pa awiriwa ndikofunikira kwambiri pa chithandizo chanu.
| Fomu ya mankhwala | Mwachidule... |
|---|---|
| Mankhwala ochepetsa kutupa kwa bronchial omwe amagwira ntchito mwachidule | Izi zili ngati "ozimitsa moto." Pamene mwadzidzidzi pachitika vuto ladzidzidzi monga kuukira kwa mphumu,Mtundu uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupereka mpumulo nthawi yomweyo . Amayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu kwambiri. Koma mphamvu yawo imakhala kwa kanthawi kochepa, pafupifupi maola 3-6. Izi zimatchedwanso "Rescue Inhaler". |
| Mankhwala ochepetsa kutupa kwa bronchi omwe amagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali | Izi zili ngati "zoteteza." Izi sizigwiritsidwa ntchito pakagwa ngozi. Ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amatengedwa tsiku lililonse kuti apewe zizindikiro ndikusunga njira zopumira zotseguka tsiku lonse . Amatenga pafupifupi maola 12. Izi ziyenera kumwedwa nthawi zonse, monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera, panthawi yoyenera. |
Ndikofunikira nthawi zonse kukhala ndi mankhwala anu ochepetsa ululu (short-acting inhaler). Koma ngati mukufunika kugwiritsa ntchito kangapo pa sabata, ndi chizindikiro chakuti vuto lanu silikulamuliridwa bwino. Onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala wanu za vutoli.
Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya ma bronchodilator ndi iti?
Mankhwalawa amagawidwanso m'magulu atatu akuluakulu kutengera momwe amagwirira ntchito.
1. Beta 2-agonists
Mitundu iyi ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Imapezeka m'njira ziwiri: yogwira ntchito nthawi yochepa komanso yayitali.
- Ma beta 2-agonists omwe amagwira ntchito nthawi yochepa (SABAs): Awa ndi "Rescue Inhalers" omwe tawatchula kale. Izi zimathandiza kupereka mpumulo mwachangu zizindikiro za mphumu zikayamba. Zimagwira ntchito mkati mwa mphindi 15-20 ndipo zimapereka mpumulo kwa maola pafupifupi 4-6. Ngati zigwiritsidwa ntchito musanayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, zimathanso kupewa mphumu yomwe imabwera chifukwa cha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
- Zitsanzo: Albuterol (Ventolin®), Levalbuterol (Xopenex®)
- Ma agonist a beta-2 omwe amagwira ntchito nthawi yayitali (LABAs): Awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa matendawa kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri kawiri patsiku. Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti ma LABA sagwiritsidwa ntchito okha pochiza mphumu. Nthawi zonse amaperekedwa pamodzi ndi corticosteroid inhaler. Ma steroids amagwira ntchito pochepetsa kutupa m'njira zopumira.
- Zitsanzo: Salmeterol (Serevent®), Formoterol (Foradil®)
- Mankhwala osakaniza ndi ma steroid: Fluticasone ndi Salmeterol (Advair®), Budesonide ndi Formoterol (Symbicort®)
2. Mankhwala oletsa kutsekula m'mimba
Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito poletsa zizindikiro zina kuchokera ku mitsempha yathu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njira zopumira zichepetse. Amathandizanso kukulitsa njira zopumira. Izi si mankhwala ofulumira. Koma angathandize kuchepetsa mphumu, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zoopsa.
- Zitsanzo: Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®), Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva Respimat®)
3. Theophylline
Iyi ndi mankhwala omwe amabwera ngati mapiritsi. Ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kale kuti athetse mphumu yoopsa. Koma masiku ano sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, muyenera kuyezetsa magazi nthawi zonse kuti muwone ngati mulingo wa mankhwala m'thupi lanu ndi wolondola. Alinso ndi zotsatirapo zina zingapo.
Kodi pali zotsatirapo zilizonse pa mankhwalawa?
Monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, ma bronchodilator awa angayambitse zotsatira zina zoyipa. Koma nthawi zambiri, izi sizikhala zoopsa. Zotsatira zake zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa mankhwala.
| Mtundu wa mankhwala | Zotsatirapo zomwe zingatheke |
|---|---|
| Beta 2-agonists |
|
| Mankhwala oletsa kutopa | |
| Theophylline |
Ngati muli ndi vuto la chikhodzodzo, monga benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPE), ndikofunikira kudziwitsa dokotala wanu mukamamwa mankhwala oletsa cholinergic.
Kodi bronchodilator ndi mtundu wa steroid?
Ayi. Apa ndi malo omwe anthu ambiri amasokonezeka.Mankhwala ochepetsa kutupa m'mapapo si steroid. Awiriwa amagwira ntchito zosiyana kwambiri.
- Bronchodilator: Imakulitsa njira zopumira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupuma kukhale kosavuta nthawi yomweyo.
- Steroid Yopumira (Steroid Inhaler): Imachepetsa kutupa ndi kutupa m'njira zopumira. Izi zimathandiza kuwongolera matendawa kwa nthawi yayitali .
Madokotala nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse iwiri pamodzi kuti athetse matenda monga mphumu.
Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito bwanji inhaler moyenera?
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino mankhwala anu, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bwino inhaler yanu. Anthu ambiri amachita izi molakwika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mankhwalawo salowa m'mapapo mwawo moyenera. Nayi njira yolondola yochitira izi:
1. Gwedezani bwino: Tsekani chivundikiro cha inhaler mwamphamvu ndikuchigwedeza bwino pafupifupi nthawi 10-15.
2. Chotsani chivundikiro: Chotsani chivundikirocho ndipo chiyikeni pambali.
3. Pumulani mpweya: Pumulani mpweya wambiri ndipo tulutsani mpweya momwe mungathere. Tsukani mpweya m'mapapu anu.
4. Ikani pakamwa: Ikani chopumira pakamwa mkati mwa pakamwa panu ndipo chitsekeni mwamphamvu ndi milomo yanu.
5. Kokani mpweya ndi kupuma: Mukakanikiza pamwamba pa inhaler kamodzi, pumirani mpweya wambiri kudzera pakamwa panu. (Ngati mumva phokoso la honi, mukupuma mofulumira kwambiri. Pumirani mpweya wambiri mkati.)
6. Gwirani mpweya: Mukamaliza kupuma, gwirani mpweya wanu kwa masekondi pafupifupi 10. Werengani mpaka 10 m'maganizo mwanu. Izi zipatsa mankhwala nthawi yoti afike ku mizu ya mapapo.
7. Mpweya: Mpweya, chonde.
8. Dikirani kaye: Ngati dokotala wanu wakuuzani kuti mumwe mankhwala opitilira kamodzi, dikirani kaye kwa mphindi imodzi musanamwenso mankhwala ena. Kenako yambaninso kuchokera pa sitepe 3.
9. Tsekani chivundikiro: Mukamaliza kuchigwiritsa ntchito, onetsetsani kuti mwatsekanso chivundikirocho.
10. Tsukani pakamwa panu: Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kutupa otchedwa corticosteroid inhaler, izi ndi zofunika kwambiri. Mukamaliza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, tsukani pakamwa panu bwino ndi madzi kapena chotsukira pakamwa kenako mutaye. Izi zingathandize kupewa matenda a bowa mkamwa.
Kodi ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito inhaler kuposa momwe mukufunira?
Akuti chinthu chilichonse chochuluka sichili bwino. Chopumira ichi sichili chosiyana. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, makamaka "Rescue Inhaler" ya kanthawi kochepa, thupi lanu silingayankhe bwino mankhwalawo pakapita nthawi. N'zothekanso kuti dongosolo lanu lopumira lingakhale lovuta kwambiri ku zinthu monga utsi ndi fumbi. Chifukwa chake , nthawi zonse gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwake komanso monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera .
Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?
Ngati simunapezekepo ndi matenda opuma, koma mukukumana ndi zizindikiro monga kupuma movutikira, chifuwa chosalekeza, ndi kupuma movutikira, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo ndikuyesedwa bwino.
Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito kale bronchodilator, onetsetsani kuti mwawonana ndi dokotala wanu pazochitika izi:
- Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito SABA/Rescue Inhaler yanu yopumira kangapo pa sabata, ichi ndi chizindikiro chachikulu chakuti matenda anu sakulamuliridwa bwino.
- Ngati mukuona kuti mlingo wa mankhwala womwe ulipo panopa si wokwanira kulamulira zizindikiro zanu.
- Ngati zotsatirapo za mankhwala zikukupangitsani kusasangalala.
Mukalankhula ndi dokotala wanu ndikupanga dongosolo la chithandizo lomwe likuyenererani, mudzatha kukhala ndi moyo wabwino.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mankhwala ochepetsa mpweya (bronchodilator) ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amakulitsa njira zopumira komanso amapangitsa kupuma kukhala kosavuta.
- Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu: mitundu yogwira ntchito mwachangu pazadzidzidzi ndi mitundu yogwira ntchito nthawi yayitali yomwe imatengedwa tsiku lililonse kuti ithetse matendawa kwa nthawi yayitali.
- Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino inhaler yanu, ndikofunikira kuphunzira momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bwino.
- Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito 'Rescue Inhaler' yanu yoposa kawiri pa sabata, zikutanthauza kuti matenda anu sakutha. Zikatero, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
- Musasiye kumwa mankhwala anu kapena kusintha mlingo popanda upangiri wa dokotala. Musagawire munthu aliyense mankhwala anu opumira.
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